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Gynecological Cancer

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Women's Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 56135

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Peng-Hui Wang

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
Interests: clinical trial; minimally invasive surgery; gynecological cancer; fertility-preservation surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer of the female genital organs is specifically known as gynaecological cancer, including primary peritoneal cancer, tubo-ovarian cancer, uterine and cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. Although surgery is the main treatment for gynaecological cancer patients, except in cases of late-stage cervix, vulvar, and vagina cancers, some might need further treatment (adjuvant therapy and/or maintenance therapy). In addition, for those patients with far-advanced or recurrent diseases, the outcome after treatment is often disappointing. Recently, with advances in modern technology, the use of next-generation whole genomic sequences and some small molecules and antibodies has become much plausible in the treatment of these patients. Many clinical trials, including various kinds of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, are ongoing. I believe that this new approach may provide a better chance of controlling these lethal diseases. Eventually, patients with different categories of the same disease may benefit from this individualized therapy (precise medicine). This Special Issue welcomes articles on these and other themes focusing on the treatment of various kinds of gynaecological cancers.

Prof. Dr. Peng-Hui Wang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Consensus
  • Individualized therapy
  • Gynecologic cancer
  • Precise medicine
  • Targeted therapy

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Published Papers (18 papers)

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11 pages, 282 KiB  
Article
Outcome and Subsequent Pregnancy after Fertility-Sparing Surgery of Early-Stage Cervical Cancers
by Chia-Yi Lee, Yu-Li Chen, Ying-Cheng Chiang, Ching-Yu Cheng, Yen-Ling Lai, Yi-Jou Tai, Heng-Cheng Hsu, Hsiao-Lin Hwa and Wen-Fang Cheng
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(19), 7103; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197103 - 28 Sep 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2261
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the outcomes and subsequent pregnancies of early-stage cervical cancer patients who received conservative fertility-sparing surgery. Women with early-stage cervical cancer who underwent conservative or fertility-sparing surgery in a tertiary medical center were reviewed from 2004 to 2017. Each patient’s [...] Read more.
We aimed to investigate the outcomes and subsequent pregnancies of early-stage cervical cancer patients who received conservative fertility-sparing surgery. Women with early-stage cervical cancer who underwent conservative or fertility-sparing surgery in a tertiary medical center were reviewed from 2004 to 2017. Each patient’s clinicopathologic characteristics, adjuvant therapy, subsequent pregnancy, and outcome were recorded. There were 32 women recruited, including 12 stage IA1 patients and 20 stage IB1 patients. Twenty-two patients received conization/LEEP and the other 10 patients received radical trachelectomy. Two patients did not complete the definite treatment after fertility-sparing surgery. There were 11 women who had subsequent pregnancies and nine had at least one live birth. The live birth rate was 73.3% (11/15). We conclude that patients with early-stage cervical cancer who undergo fertility-sparing surgery can have a successful pregnancy and delivery. However, patients must receive a detailed consultation before surgery and undergo definitive treatment, if indicated, and regular postoperative surveillance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
15 pages, 992 KiB  
Article
Predictors of Survival in Women with High-Risk Endometrial Cancer and Comparisons of Sandwich versus Concurrent Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
by Hui-Hua Chen, Wan-Hua Ting, Hsu-Dong Sun, Ming-Chow Wei, Ho-Hsiung Lin and Sheng-Mou Hsiao
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(16), 5941; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165941 - 16 Aug 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2422
Abstract
Background: to elucidate the predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in high-risk endometrial cancer patients. Methods: the medical records of all consecutivewomen with high-risk endometrial cancer were reviewed. Results: among 92 high-risk endometrial cancer patients, 30 women experienced recurrence, and [...] Read more.
Background: to elucidate the predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in high-risk endometrial cancer patients. Methods: the medical records of all consecutivewomen with high-risk endometrial cancer were reviewed. Results: among 92 high-risk endometrial cancer patients, 30 women experienced recurrence, and 21 women died. The 5-year PFS and OS probabilities were 65.3% and 75.9%, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression revealed that body mass index (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.11), paraaortic lymph node metastasis (HR = 11.11), lymphovascular space invasion (HR = 5.61), and sandwich chemoradiotherapy (HR = 0.15) were independently predictors of PFS. Body mass index (HR = 1.31), paraaortic lymph node metastasis (HR = 32.74), non-endometrioid cell type (HR = 11.31), and sandwich chemoradiotherapy (HR = 0.07) were independently predictors of OS. Among 51 women who underwent sandwich (n = 35) or concurrent (n = 16) chemoradiotherapy, the use of sandwich chemoradiotherapy were associated with better PFS (adjusted HR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.08–0.87, p = 0.03) and OS (adjusted HR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.02–0.71, p = 0.02) compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Conclusion: compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, sandwich chemoradiotherapy was associated with better PFS and OS in high-risk endometrial cancer patients. In addition, high body mass index, paraaortic lymph node metastasis, and non-endometrioid cell type were also predictors of poor OS in high-risk endometrial cancer patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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11 pages, 786 KiB  
Article
Differences in Treatment Outcomes and Prognosis between Elderly and Younger Patients Receiving Definitive Radiotherapy for Cervical Cancer
by PeiYu Hou, ChenHsi Hsieh, MingChow Wei, ShengMou Hsiao and PeiWei Shueng
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(12), 4510; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124510 - 23 Jun 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2086
Abstract
The aim was to compare the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of cervical cancer between elderly and younger women, and to explore which treatment strategy is more appropriate for elderly patients. We retrospectively reviewed patients with cervical cancer receiving definitive radiotherapy (RT) between [...] Read more.
The aim was to compare the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of cervical cancer between elderly and younger women, and to explore which treatment strategy is more appropriate for elderly patients. We retrospectively reviewed patients with cervical cancer receiving definitive radiotherapy (RT) between 2007 and 2016, and divided them into two age groups: age < 70 vs. age ≥ 70. The clinical outcomes were compared between the two age groups. The median follow-up was 32.2 months. A total of 123 patients were eligible, 83 patients in group 1 (age < 70), and 40 patients in group 2 (age ≥ 70). Patients in group 2 received less intracavitary brachytherapy (ICRT) application, less total RT dose, and less concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), and tended to have more limited external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) volume. The treatment outcomes between the age groups revealed significant differences in 5-year overall survival (OS), but no differences in 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS), 66.2% vs. 64.5%, and other loco-regional control. In multivariate analyses for all patients, the performance status, pathology with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and ICRT application were prognostic factors of CSS. The elderly patients with cervical cancer had comparable CSS and loco-regional control rates, despite receiving less comprehensive treatment. Conservative treatment strategies with RT alone could be appropriate for patients aged ≥ 70 y/o, especially for those with favorable stages or histopathology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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17 pages, 2368 KiB  
Article
Functional Gene Clusters in Global Pathogenesis of Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary Discovered by Integrated Analysis of Transcriptomes
by Yueh-Han Hsu, Peng-Hui Wang and Chia-Ming Chang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(11), 3951; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113951 - 2 Jun 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2395
Abstract
Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC)) is one epithelial ovarian carcinoma that is known to have a poor prognosis and a tendency for being refractory to treatment due to unclear pathogenesis. Published investigations of OCCC have mainly focused [...] Read more.
Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC)) is one epithelial ovarian carcinoma that is known to have a poor prognosis and a tendency for being refractory to treatment due to unclear pathogenesis. Published investigations of OCCC have mainly focused only on individual genes and lack of systematic integrated research to analyze the pathogenesis of OCCC in a genome-wide perspective. Thus, we conducted an integrated analysis using transcriptome datasets from a public domain database to determine genes that may be implicated in the pathogenesis involved in OCCC carcinogenesis. We used the data obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) DataSets. We found six interactive functional gene clusters in the pathogenesis network of OCCC, including ribosomal protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factors, lactate, prostaglandin, proteasome, and insulin-like growth factor. This finding from our integrated analysis affords us a global understanding of the interactive network of OCCC pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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10 pages, 746 KiB  
Article
Comparisons of Clinical Outcomes in Women with Advanced Ovarian Cancer Treated with Frontline Intraperitoneal versus Dose-Dense Platinum/Paclitaxel Chemotherapy without Bevacizumab
by Wan-Hua Ting, Chi-Huang Hsiao, Hui-Hua Chen, Ming-Chow Wei, Ho-Hsiung Lin and Sheng-Mou Hsiao
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(10), 3603; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103603 - 20 May 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2829
Abstract
Background: We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between intraperitoneal chemotherapy and dose-dense chemotherapy for the frontline treatment of advanced ovarian, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancer in women not receiving bevacizumab. Methods: All consecutive women with stage II~IV cancer treated with either [...] Read more.
Background: We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between intraperitoneal chemotherapy and dose-dense chemotherapy for the frontline treatment of advanced ovarian, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancer in women not receiving bevacizumab. Methods: All consecutive women with stage II~IV cancer treated with either frontline intraperitoneal or dose-dense platinum/paclitaxel chemotherapy and not receiving bevacizumab between March 2006 and June 2019 were reviewed. Results: A total of 50 women (intraperitoneal group, n = 22; dose-dense group, n = 28) were reviewed. Median progression-free survival (32.6 months versus 14.2 months; adjusted hazard ratio = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.90, p = 0.03) and overall survival (not reached versus 30.7 months; adjusted hazard ratio = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.79, p = 0.02) were significantly higher in the intraperitoneal group than in the dose-dense group. A multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model also indicated that the number of frontline chemotherapy cycles (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.66, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.94, p = 0.02) was a predictor of better overall survival. Nausea/vomiting and nephrotoxicity occurred more frequently in the intraperitoneal group (p = 0.02 and <0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: Intraperitoneal chemotherapy seems to be superior in progression free survival and overall survival to dose-dense chemotherapy in the frontline treatment of women with optimally resected advanced ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer and not receiving bevacizumab. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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19 pages, 4459 KiB  
Article
Outcomes in Advanced Stage Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tubal, and Peritoneal Cancer after Primary Surgery and Adjuvant Chemotherapies: A Single-Institute Real-World Experience
by Chia-Hua Chang, Hsiao-Li Kuo, Tzu-Chien Chen, Chia-Sui Weng, Ling Lim, Wan-Chun Huang, Chih-Long Chang, Tsung-Hsien Su, Kuo-Gon Wang, Kung-Liahng Wang, Yuh-Cheng Yang and Jen-Ruei Chen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(10), 3523; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103523 - 18 May 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2091
Abstract
Debulking surgery followed by systemic chemotherapy—including three-weekly intravenous paclitaxel and carboplatin (GOG-158)—is the cornerstone for advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tubal, and peritoneal cancer (EOC) treatment. In this scenario, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, cell types, completeness of surgery, lymph nodes (LN) [...] Read more.
Debulking surgery followed by systemic chemotherapy—including three-weekly intravenous paclitaxel and carboplatin (GOG-158)—is the cornerstone for advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tubal, and peritoneal cancer (EOC) treatment. In this scenario, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, cell types, completeness of surgery, lymph nodes (LN) status, adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, survival status, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of 192 patients diagnosed as having stage IIIA1–IVB EOC over January 2008–December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Of them, 100 (52.1%) patients had been debulked optimally. Of all cases, 64.1% and 10.9% demonstrated serous and clear-cell carcinoma. Moreover, the FIGO stage, surgery completeness, and LN status affected recurrence/persistence and mortality (all p < 0.001). Clear cell carcinoma led to shorter survival than serous carcinoma (p = 0.002). Adjuvant chemotherapy regimens were divided into five main groups according to previous clinical trials. However, choice of chemotherapy failed to demonstrate significant differences in patient outcomes. Similar results were found in the sub-analysis of optimally debulked cases, except that intraperitoneal chemotherapy could reduce mortality risk when compared with GOG-158 (p = 0.042). Notably, retroperitoneal LN dissection in all cases or optimally debulked cases reduced risks of recurrence/persistence and mortality, and prolonged PFS and OS significantly (all p < 0.05). Without optimal debulking, LN dissection led to little improvement in outcomes. Various modified chemotherapy regimens did not prolong PFS and OS or reduce recurrence/persistence and mortality risks. LN dissection is strongly recommended to improve the completeness of surgery and patient outcome. Clear cell type has a poorer outcome than serous type, which requires more aggressive treatment and follow-up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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14 pages, 2531 KiB  
Article
Inhibition of miR-141 and miR-200a Increase DLC-1 and ZEB2 Expression, Enhance Migration and Invasion in Metastatic Serous Ovarian Cancer
by Norhazlina Abdul Wahab, Zahreena Othman, Noor Wahidah Mohd Nasri, Mohd Helmy Mokhtar, Siti Fatimah Ibrahim, Adila A. Hamid, Raja Affendi Raja Ali and Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(8), 2766; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082766 - 17 Apr 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2383
Abstract
The role of microRNA (miRNA) in ovarian cancer has been extensively studied as a regulator for its targeted genes. However, its specific role in metastatic serous ovarian cancer (SOC) is yet to be explored. This paper aims to investigate the differentially expressed miRNAs [...] Read more.
The role of microRNA (miRNA) in ovarian cancer has been extensively studied as a regulator for its targeted genes. However, its specific role in metastatic serous ovarian cancer (SOC) is yet to be explored. This paper aims to investigate the differentially expressed miRNAs in metastatic SOC compared to normal. Locked nucleic acid PCR was performed to profile miRNA expression in 11 snap frozen metastatic SOC and 13 normal ovarian tissues. Functional analysis and regulation of their targeted genes were assessed in vitro. Forty-eight miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in metastatic SOC as compared to normal. MiR-19a is a novel miRNA to be upregulated in metastatic SOC compared to normal. DLC1 is possibly regulated by miR-141 in SOC. MiR-141 inhibition led to significantly reduced cell viability. Cell migration and invasion were significantly increased following miRNA inhibition. This study showed the aberrantly expressed miRNAs in metastatic SOC and the roles of miRNAs in the regulation of their targeted genes and ovarian carcinogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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23 pages, 898 KiB  
Article
Comparing Paclitaxel–Carboplatin with Paclitaxel–Cisplatin as the Front-Line Chemotherapy for Patients with FIGO IIIC Serous-Type Tubo-Ovarian Cancer
by Chen-Yu Huang, Min Cheng, Na-Rong Lee, Hsin-Yi Huang, Wen-Ling Lee, Wen-Hsun Chang and Peng-Hui Wang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(7), 2213; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072213 - 26 Mar 2020
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 4137
Abstract
The use of weekly chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with advanced-stage serous-type epithelial Tubo-ovarian cancer (ETOC), and primary peritoneal serous carcinoma (PPSC) is acceptable as the front-line postoperative chemotherapy after primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS). The main component of dose-dense chemotherapy is weekly [...] Read more.
The use of weekly chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with advanced-stage serous-type epithelial Tubo-ovarian cancer (ETOC), and primary peritoneal serous carcinoma (PPSC) is acceptable as the front-line postoperative chemotherapy after primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS). The main component of dose-dense chemotherapy is weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2), but it would be interesting to know what is the difference between combination of triweekly cisplatin (20 mg/m2) or triweekly carboplatin (carboplatin area under the curve 5-7 mg/mL per min [AUC 5-7]) in the dose-dense paclitaxel regimen. Therefore, we compared the outcomes of women with Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIC ETOC and PPSC treated with PCS and a subsequent combination of dose-dense weekly paclitaxel and triweekly cisplatin (paclitaxel–cisplatin) or triweekly carboplatin using AUC 5 (paclitaxel–carboplatin). Between January 2010 and December 2016, 40 women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIC EOC, FTC, or PPSC were enrolled, including 18 treated with paclitaxel–cisplatin and the remaining 22 treated with paclitaxel–carboplatin. There were no statistically significant differences in disease characteristics of patients between two groups. Outcomes in paclitaxel–cisplatin group seemed to be little better than those in paclitaxel–carboplatin (median progression-free survival [PFS] 30 versus 25 months as well as median overall survival [OS] 58.5 versus 55.0 months); however, neither reached a statistically significant difference. In terms of adverse events (AEs), patients in paclitaxel–carboplatin group had more AEs, with a higher risk of neutropenia and grade 3/4 neutropenia, and the need for a longer period to complete the front-line chemotherapy, and the latter was associated with worse outcome for patients. We found that a period between the first-time chemotherapy to the last dose (6 cycles) of chemotherapy >21 weeks was associated with a worse prognosis in patients compared to that ≤21 weeks, with hazard ratio (HR) of 81.24 for PFS and 9.57 for OS. As predicted, suboptimal debulking surgery (>1 cm) also contributed to a worse outcome than optimal debulking surgery (≤1 cm) with HR of 14.38 for PFS and 11.83 for OS. Based on the aforementioned findings, both regimens were feasible and effective, but maximal efforts should be made to achieve optimal debulking surgery and following the on-schedule administration of dose-dense weekly paclitaxel plus triweekly platinum compounds. Randomized trials validating the findings are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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10 pages, 1105 KiB  
Article
Effect of Chemotherapy, Laparoscopy, and Cytology on Stage IC Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma: A Long-Term, Single-Center Study
by Hao-Ting Chang, Mei-Ling Chiu, Tao-Yuean Wang, Tzu-Chien Chen, Chih-Long Chang, Tsung-Hsien Su, Kuo-Gong Wang, Kung-Liahng Wang, Yuh-Cheng Yang and Jen-Ruei Chen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(2), 491; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020491 - 13 Jan 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2224
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is the second common histology of epithelial ovarian cancer in Taiwan. Stage IC is common, especially during minimally invasive surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IC OCCC is unavoidable, and paclitaxel-based chemotherapy in Taiwan is self-paid. However, surgical spillage [...] Read more.
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is the second common histology of epithelial ovarian cancer in Taiwan. Stage IC is common, especially during minimally invasive surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IC OCCC is unavoidable, and paclitaxel-based chemotherapy in Taiwan is self-paid. However, surgical spillage from minimally invasive surgery as a cause of unfavorable prognosis is still uncertain. The information of patients with stage IC OCCC, corresponding to a period of January 1995 to December 2016, was retrospectively collected following a chart and pathology review. Data regarding surgical methods, cytology status, regimens of adjuvant chemotherapy, survivorship, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) period were analyzed. In total, 88 patients were analyzed, and 64 and 24 patients were treated with paclitaxel- and nonpaclitaxel-based chemotherapy, respectively. Recurrence was identical between the two groups: PFS (47.5 ± 41.36 versus 54.0 ± 53.9 months, p = 0.157) and OS (53.5 ± 38.14 versus 79.0 ± 49.42 months, p = 0.070). Of the 88 patients, 12 had undergone laparoscopy for histological confirmation before complete open staging surgery; however, their PFS (49.5 ± 46.84 versus 49.0 ± 35.55 months, p = 0.719) and OS (56.5 ± 43.4 versus 51.0 ± 32.77 months, p = 0.600) were still comparable. Cytology results were only available for 51 patients, and positive washing cytology results seemed to worsen PFS (p = 0.026) but not OS (p = 0.446). In conclusion, adjuvant nonpaclitaxel chemotherapy and laparoscopic tumor spillage before the staging operation did not worsen the outcome in stage IC OCCC. Positive washing cytology has a negative effect on PFS but not on OS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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14 pages, 869 KiB  
Article
Weekly Dose-Dense Paclitaxel and Triweekly Low-Dose Cisplatin: A Well-Tolerated and Effective Chemotherapeutic Regimen for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer
by Min Cheng, Howard Hao Lee, Wen-Hsun Chang, Na-Rong Lee, Hsin-Yi Huang, Yi-Jen Chen, Huann-Cheng Horng, Wen-Ling Lee and Peng-Hui Wang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(23), 4794; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234794 - 29 Nov 2019
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 2655
Abstract
A combination of cytoreductive surgery, either primary (PCS) or interval (ICS), and chemotherapy with a platinum-paclitaxel regimen is the well-accepted treatment for advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), fallopian tube cancer (FTC), and primary peritoneal serous carcinoma (PPSC), but it is still uncertain whether [...] Read more.
A combination of cytoreductive surgery, either primary (PCS) or interval (ICS), and chemotherapy with a platinum-paclitaxel regimen is the well-accepted treatment for advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), fallopian tube cancer (FTC), and primary peritoneal serous carcinoma (PPSC), but it is still uncertain whether a combination of dose-dense weekly paclitaxel and low-dose triweekly cisplatin is useful in the management of these patients. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of women with advanced-stage EOC, FTC, and PPSC treated with PCS and subsequent dose-dense weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) and low-dose triweekly cisplatin (20 mg/m2). Between January 2011 and December 2017, 32 women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIC–IV EOC, FTC, or PPSC were enrolled. Optimal PCS was achieved in 63.5% of patients. The mean and median progression-free survival was 36.5 and 27.0 months, respectively (95% confidence interval (CI): 26.8–46.2 and 11.3–42.7 months, respectively). The mean overall survival was 56.0 months (95% CI: 43.9–68.1 months), and the median overall survival could not be obtained. The most common all-grade adverse events (AEs) were anemia (96.9%), neutropenia (50%), peripheral neuropathy (28.1%), nausea and vomiting (34.4%), and thrombocytopenia (15.6%). These AEs were predominantly grade 1/2, and only a few patients were complicated by grade 3/4 neutropenia (21.9%) and anemia (6.3%). A multivariate analysis indicated that only suboptimal PCS was significantly correlated with a worse prognosis, resulting in an 11.6-fold increase in the odds of disease progression. In conclusion, our data suggest that dose-dense weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) combined with low-dose triweekly cisplatin (20 mg/m2) is a potentially effective and highly tolerable front-line treatment in advanced EOC, FTC, and PPSC. Randomized trials comparing the outcome of this regimen to other standard therapies for FIGO stage IIIC–IV EOC, FTC, and PPSC are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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19 pages, 1658 KiB  
Article
Radical Hysterectomy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Bulky-Size Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis between the Robotic and Abdominal Approaches
by Chia-Hao Liu, Yu-Chieh Lee, Jeff Chien-Fu Lin, I-San Chan, Na-Rong Lee, Wen-Hsun Chang, Wei-Min Liu and Peng-Hui Wang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(20), 3833; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203833 - 11 Oct 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2950
Abstract
Radical hysterectomy (RH) is the standard treatment for early stage cervical cancer, but the surgical approach for locally bulky-size cervical cancer (LBS-CC) is still unclear. We retrospectively compared the outcomes of women with LBS-CC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and subsequent RH between [...] Read more.
Radical hysterectomy (RH) is the standard treatment for early stage cervical cancer, but the surgical approach for locally bulky-size cervical cancer (LBS-CC) is still unclear. We retrospectively compared the outcomes of women with LBS-CC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and subsequent RH between the robotic (R-RH) and abdominal approaches (A-RH). Between 2012 and 2014, 39 women with LBS-CC FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage IB2–IIB were treated with NACT-R-RH (n = 18) or NACT-A-RH (n = 21). Surgical parameters and prognosis were compared. Patient characteristics were not significantly different between the groups, but the NACT-R-RH group had significantly more patients with FIGO stage IIB disease, received multi-agent-based NACT, and had a lower percentage of deep stromal invasion than the NACT-A-RH group. After NACT-R-RH, surgical parameters were better, but survival outcomes, such as disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), were significantly worse. On multivariate analysis, FIGO stage IIB contributed to worse DFS (p = 0.003) and worse OS (p = 0.012) in the NACT-A-RH group. Women with LBS-CC treated with NACT-R-RH have better perioperative outcomes but poorer survival outcomes compared with those treated with NACT-A-RH. Thus, patients with FIGO stage IIB LBS-CC disease might not be suitable for surgery after multi-agent-based NACT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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15 pages, 1443 KiB  
Article
Predicting Behavioral Intentions Related to Cervical Cancer Screening Using a Three-Level Model for the TPB and SCT in Nanjing, China
by Jianxin Zhang, Zimo Sha, Yuzhou Gu, Yanzhang Li, Qinlan Yang, Yuxuan Zhu and Yuan He
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(19), 3575; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193575 - 24 Sep 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3626
Abstract
Objective: Exploring how the theory of planned behavior (TPB), social capital theory (SCT), cervical cancer knowledge (CCK), and demographic variables predict behavioral intentions (BI) related to cervical cancer screening among Chinese women. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 496 women, followed by a [...] Read more.
Objective: Exploring how the theory of planned behavior (TPB), social capital theory (SCT), cervical cancer knowledge (CCK), and demographic variables predict behavioral intentions (BI) related to cervical cancer screening among Chinese women. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 496 women, followed by a path analysis. Results: The three-level model was acceptable, χ2(26, 470) = 26.93, p > 0.05. Subjectively overcoming difficulties, support from significant others, screening necessity, and the objective promotion factor promoted BI, with effect sizes of 0.424, 0.354, 0.199, and 0.124. SCT and CCK promoted BI through TPB, with effect sizes of 0.262 and 0.208. Monthly income, education, age, and childbearing condition affected BI through TPB, SCT, and CCK, with effect sizes of 0.269, 0.105, 0.065, and −0.029. Conclusion: The three-level model systematically predicted behavioral intentions relating to cervical cancer screening. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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12 pages, 1930 KiB  
Article
Impact of Adjuvant Modalities on Survival in Patients with Advanced Stage Endometrial Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Medical Center
by Yi-Jou Tai, Heng-Cheng Hsu, Ying-Cheng Chiang, Yu-Li Chen, Chi-An Chen and Wen-Fang Cheng
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(14), 2561; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142561 - 18 Jul 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2639
Abstract
Adjuvant treatment in advanced-stage (stages III /IV) endometrial carcinomas in terms of tumor grades has not yet been explored. We retrospectively analyzed 194 patients with advanced-stage endometrioid endometrial carcinoma who received surgery, followed by adjuvant therapy, at National Taiwan University Hospital between January [...] Read more.
Adjuvant treatment in advanced-stage (stages III /IV) endometrial carcinomas in terms of tumor grades has not yet been explored. We retrospectively analyzed 194 patients with advanced-stage endometrioid endometrial carcinoma who received surgery, followed by adjuvant therapy, at National Taiwan University Hospital between January 1, 2000 and August 31, 2017. Adjuvant therapies included radiation (RT), chemotherapy alone (CT), and combined modality treatment (CMT: radiation and chemotherapy). The prognostic factors were determined from multivariate survival analyses using Cox regression models. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) times were estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method. The median follow-up was 45.5 months (range: 6.2–207.9). In grade 1/2 endometrioid carcinoma, neither adjuvant CT nor CMT could prolong PFS significantly compared to RT (CT: HR 1.59, 95% CI 0.64–3.97; CMT: HR 2.03, 95% CI 0.72–5.74). Notably, maximal cytoreduction independently improved PFS (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.10–0.90). No particular adjuvant treatment provided an OS advantage over the others for grade 1/2 endometrioid carcinomas. However, for grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma, CMT showed OS benefits (HR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03–0.89) compared to RT and CT. In conclusion, maximal cytoreduction should be the goal in patients with grade 1/2 advanced-stage endometrioid carcinomas. Based on our results, patients with grade 3 endometrioid carcinomas might benefit from adjuvant CMT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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11 pages, 639 KiB  
Article
Predictors of Lymphoceles in Women Who Underwent Laparotomic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Early Gynecologic Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
by Hui-Hua Chen, Wan-Hua Ting, Ho-Hsiung Lin and Sheng-Mou Hsiao
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(6), 936; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060936 - 15 Mar 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2282
Abstract
Background: Lymphoceles could represent a detrimental complication after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Our aim was to elucidate predictors of lymphoceles. Methods: Between 2011 and 2017, medical records of consecutive women who underwent laparotomic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for FIGO stage I or II [...] Read more.
Background: Lymphoceles could represent a detrimental complication after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Our aim was to elucidate predictors of lymphoceles. Methods: Between 2011 and 2017, medical records of consecutive women who underwent laparotomic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for FIGO stage I or II gynecologic cancer were reviewed. Results: A total of 204 women, including those with lymphoceles (n = 31) and symptomatic lymphoceles (n = 7), were reviewed. According to multivariable analysis, parity (odds ratio = 0.59, p = 0.003), adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy (odds ratio = 2.60, p = 0.039), and peritoneal nonclosure without pelvic drainage (odds ratio = 2.31, p = 0.048) were predictors of lymphoceles. In addition, parity (odds ratio = 0.73, p = 0.03), hypertension (odds ratio = 2.62, p = 0.02), and peritoneal partial closure with pelvic drainage (odds ratio = 0.27, p = 0.02) were predictors of complications. Conclusion: Low parity, adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy, and peritoneal nonclosure without pelvic drainage were associated with increased lymphocele formation. In addition, a lower complication rate was found in the peritoneal partial closure with pelvic drainage group; thus, peritoneal partial closure with pelvic drainage might be suggested for women who undergo laparotomic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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12 pages, 1522 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Factors of Early Stage Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma
by Shu-Feng Hsieh, Hei-Yu Lau, Hua-Hsi Wu, Heng-Cheng Hsu, Nae-Fang Twu and Wen-Fang Cheng
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(4), 637; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040637 - 21 Feb 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3082
Abstract
We aimed to determine prognostic factors of early stage (I/II) epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) including clinicopathologic and chemotherapeutic regimens. Four hundred and thirty-seven women who underwent primary staging surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010 were retrospectively reviewed [...] Read more.
We aimed to determine prognostic factors of early stage (I/II) epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) including clinicopathologic and chemotherapeutic regimens. Four hundred and thirty-seven women who underwent primary staging surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed from two medical centers. The prognostic factors were determined from multivariate survival analyses using Cox regression models. The majority of women were diagnosed with stage Ic (244/437, 55.8%). The histopathologic types were clear cell (37.5%), endometrioid (27.2%), serous (14.0%), and mucinous (13.3%). Fifty-seven percent (249/437) of the women received taxane-based (platinum plus paclitaxel) regimens and 43.0% received non-taxane (platinum plus cyclophosphamide) regimens as frontline adjuvant chemotherapy. Clear cell tumors (adjusted Hazard ratio (aHR) 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21–0.73, p = 0.001) showed better 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) than serous tumors. Women diagnosed at FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage II (aHR 5.97, 95% CI = 2.47–14.39, p < 0.001), grade 3 tumor without clear cell (aHR 2.28, 95% CI = 1.02–5.07, p = 0.004) and who received 3–5 cycles of non-taxane regimens (aHR 3.29, 95% CI = 1.47–7.34, p = 0.004) had worse 5-year overall survival (OS). Clear cell histology treated with taxane-based regimens showed significantly higher 5-year DFS (91.2% vs. 82.0%, aHR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.21–0.93, p = 0.043) and 5-year OS (93.5% vs. 79.0%, aHR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.13–0.70, p = 0.005) than those treated with non-taxane-based regimens. We conclude that stage, tumor grade, and chemotherapeutic regimens/cycles are independent prognostic factors for early stage ovarian cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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12 pages, 1617 KiB  
Article
Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Abdominal Wall as a Rare Complication of General Obstetric and Gynecologic Surgeries: 15 Years of Experience at a Large Academic Institution
by Yen-Ling Lai, Heng-Cheng Hsu, Kuan-Ting Kuo, Yu-Li Chen, Chi-An Chen and Wen-Fang Cheng
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(4), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040552 - 14 Feb 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5201
Abstract
The objective of this article was to report the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes of patients with clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the abdominal wall. Medical records of six patients diagnosed with CCC of the abdominal wall between May 2003 and May [...] Read more.
The objective of this article was to report the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes of patients with clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the abdominal wall. Medical records of six patients diagnosed with CCC of the abdominal wall between May 2003 and May 2018 at the National Taiwan University Hospital were reviewed. All patients had prior obstetric or gynecologic surgeries. The primary clinical presentation was enlarging abdominal masses at previous surgical scars. Four patients underwent initial/primary surgeries with/without adjuvant chemotherapy. One patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical intervention and adjuvant chemotherapy, the other received chemotherapy and sequential radiotherapy without any surgical intervention. Two of four patients undergoing initial/primary surgeries had disease recurrence and the remaining two cases without initial surgery experienced disease progression during primary treatment. Inguinal lymph nodes were the most frequent sites of recurrence. In conclusion, previous obstetric or gynecologic surgery can be a risk factor for CCC of the abdominal wall. Complete resection of abdominal wall tumor and suspected intra-abdominal lesions with hysterectomy and bilateral inguinal lymph nodes dissection may be the primary treatment. Adjuvant chemotherapy would be considered for potential benefits. For patients without bilateral inguinal lymph nodes dissection, careful inguinal lymph node palpation during postoperative surveillance is necessary. More cases are still needed to elucidate the clinical management of this disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

14 pages, 992 KiB  
Review
MicroRNA in Ovarian Cancer: Biology, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Opportunities
by San-Nung Chen, Renin Chang, Li-Te Lin, Chyi-Uei Chern, Hsiao-Wen Tsai, Zhi-Hong Wen, Yi-Han Li, Chia-Jung Li and Kuan-Hao Tsui
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(9), 1510; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091510 - 29 Apr 2019
Cited by 90 | Viewed by 6038
Abstract
Ovarian cancer comprises one of the three major malignant tumor types in the female reproductive system. The mortality rate of this cancer is the highest among all gynecological tumors, with ovarian cancer metastasis constituting an important cause of death. Therefore, markers for disease [...] Read more.
Ovarian cancer comprises one of the three major malignant tumor types in the female reproductive system. The mortality rate of this cancer is the highest among all gynecological tumors, with ovarian cancer metastasis constituting an important cause of death. Therefore, markers for disease prediction and prognosis are highly desirable for early diagnosis as well as for helping optimize and personalize treatment. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), which consist of short-sequence RNAs that do not encode a protein, have emerged as new biomarkers in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. By pairing with bases specific to the target messenger RNA (mRNA), miRNAs cause degradation of the target mRNA or inhibit its translation, thereby regulating various cellular processes including cell proliferation and adhesion. Increasing numbers of studies have shown that miRNA expression abnormality plays an important role in the development of ovarian cancer. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of miRNA action, current research regarding their role in the suppression or promotion of ovarian cancer, and their use as markers for diagnosis of prognosis or as therapeutic targets for this disease. Finally, we present future perspectives regarding the clinical management of ovarian cancer and the role for miRNAs therein. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

7 pages, 278 KiB  
Protocol
Health Literacy Environment of Breast and Cervical Cancer among Black African Women Globally: A Systematic Review Protocol of Mixed Methods
by Lillian Mwanri, Hailay Gesesew, Vanessa Lee, Kiros Hiruy, Hyacinth Udah, Ru Kwedza and Tinashe Dune
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(9), 3158; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093158 - 1 May 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3829
Abstract
Adequate health literacy is a necessity to enable effective decision making to seek, access and utilise appropriate health care service. Evidence exists indicating a low level of general health literacy among Black African women, especially those with a refugee background. Breast and cervical [...] Read more.
Adequate health literacy is a necessity to enable effective decision making to seek, access and utilise appropriate health care service. Evidence exists indicating a low level of general health literacy among Black African women, especially those with a refugee background. Breast and cervical are the most common cancers, with Black African women or women with African ethnicity being disproportionately overrepresented. The level of health literacy specific to breast and cervical cancer among Black African women, especially those with a refugee background, has not been reviewed systematically. The present study describes a protocol for a systematic review of the available evidence on the level of health literacy specific to breast and cervical cancer among Black African women globally. We will perform a systematic review of the available quantitative and qualitative studies. The search will include studies that describe the level of health literacy specific to breast and cervical cancer among Black African women. We will conduct a preliminary search on Google scholar to build the concepts for search terms, and a full search strategy using the identified concepts and keywords across four databases namely PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL and Web of Sciences. We will use Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to schematically present the search strategy. We will use the standardized Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal and selection tool to recruit studies, and the data extraction tool to synthesise the information extracted from the recruited studies. We will be guided by socioecological theory and Indigenous epistemology to synthesise the non-quantifiable information thematically, and pool the quantitative information using meta-analysis, based on the availability of information. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer)
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