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Genetics and Stem Cell Research
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Genetics and Stem Cell Research

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 April 2022) | Viewed by 9935

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Dragan Primorac

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Guest Editor
1. Center for Personalised Medicine, St Catherine Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
2. Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
3. Medical Schools in Split, Osijek, and Rijeka, Croatia; Medical School Regiomed, 96450 Coburg, Germany
Interests: genetics; regenerative medicine; pharmacogenetics; pediatrics; mesenchymal stem cells treatment; forensic genetics; origin of modern humans
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Enthusiasm for stem cell therapy among researchers in the medical community and patients is running high. However, many aspects concerning the biology of stem cells, their differential potential in vitro and in vivo, and mechanisms of action remain unsolved. Stem cells are unspecialized cells of the human body and are present in both embryos and adult cells. Among the most promising of these cells are mesenchymal fetal and adult stem cells (MSCs). These cells may possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, or angiogenic properties. The easy derivation from a variety of tissues makes MSCs an attractive research object. The International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) issued the guidelines defining MSCs by the presence of a cluster of differentiation (CD)73, CD90, CD105 surface antigens, and the lack of expression of proteins such as CD45, CD34, CD14, CD11b, CD79a, or CD19, or class II histocompatibility complex antigens (human leukocyte antigens class II). On the other hand, the International Society for Stem Cell Research is calling for an urgent international consensus on the quality standards for stem cells research since a lack of reproducibility threatens the field's credibility. Other significant challenges are related to ethical issues, particularly regarding human embryonic stem cells. 

Dr. Dragan Primorac
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Genes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Topics of interest for the Special Issue include but are not limited to the following:
  • Stem Cells (SCs) sources, isolation, and molecular characterization
  • Flow cytometry in SCs Research and Therapy
  • Developmental potential, biological functions and therapeutic uses of SCs
  • Genetics and SCs research
  • SC-mediated tissue regeneration and disease modeling
  • SCs: from basic science to clinical translation.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 6028 KiB  
Article
Polychromatic Flow Cytometric Analysis of Stromal Vascular Fraction from Lipoaspirate and Microfragmented Counterparts Reveals Sex-Related Immunophenotype Differences
by Lucija Zenic, Denis Polancec, Damir Hudetz, Zeljko Jelec, Eduard Rod, Dinko Vidovic, Mario Staresinic, Srecko Sabalic, Trpimir Vrdoljak, Tadija Petrovic, Fabijan Cukelj, Vilim Molnar, Martin Cemerin, Vid Matisic, Petar Brlek, Zrinka Djukic Koroljevic, Igor Boric, Gordan Lauc and Dragan Primorac
Genes 2021, 12(12), 1999; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121999 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2635
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells (MSC)-based therapy holds promise as a beneficial strategy for treating knee OA (osteoarthritis), but there is no standardized protocols nor mechanistic understanding. In order to gain a better insight into the human MSC from adipose tissue [...] Read more.
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells (MSC)-based therapy holds promise as a beneficial strategy for treating knee OA (osteoarthritis), but there is no standardized protocols nor mechanistic understanding. In order to gain a better insight into the human MSC from adipose tissue applied for autologous OA treatment, we performed extensive comparative immunophenotyping of the stromal vascular fraction from lipoaspirate or microfragmented lipoaspirates by polychromatic flow cytometry and investigated the cellular components considered responsible for cartilage regeneration. We found an enrichment of the regenerative cellular niche of the clinically applied microfragmented stromal vascular fraction. Sex-related differences were observed in the MSC marker expression and the ratio of the progenitor cells from fresh lipoaspirate, which, in female patients, contained a higher expression of CD90 on the three progenitor cell types including pericytes, a higher expression of CD105 and CD146 on CD31highCD34high endothelial progenitors as well as of CD73 on supra-adventitialadipose stromal cells. Some of these MSC-expression differences were present after microfragmentation and indicated a differential phenotype pattern of the applied MSC mixture in female and male patients. Our results provide a better insight into the heterogeneity of the adipose MSC subpopulations serving as OA therapeutics, with an emphasis on interesting differences between women and men. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Stem Cell Research)
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Review

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29 pages, 1264 KiB  
Review
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Effects in Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review
by Vilim Molnar, Eduard Pavelić, Kristijan Vrdoljak, Martin Čemerin, Emil Klarić, Vid Matišić, Roko Bjelica, Petar Brlek, Ivana Kovačić, Carlo Tremolada and Dragan Primorac
Genes 2022, 13(6), 949; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13060949 - 26 May 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 6752
Abstract
With the insufficient satisfaction rates and high cost of operative treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), alternatives have been sought. Furthermore, the inability of current medications to arrest disease progression has led to rapidly growing clinical research relating to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The availability [...] Read more.
With the insufficient satisfaction rates and high cost of operative treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), alternatives have been sought. Furthermore, the inability of current medications to arrest disease progression has led to rapidly growing clinical research relating to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The availability and function of MSCs vary according to tissue source. The three primary sources include the placenta, bone marrow, and adipose tissue, all of which offer excellent safety profiles. The primary mechanisms of action are trophic and immunomodulatory effects, which prevent the further degradation of joints. However, the function and degree to which benefits are observed vary significantly based on the exosomes secreted by MSCs. Paracrine and autocrine mechanisms prevent cell apoptosis and tissue fibrosis, initiate angiogenesis, and stimulate mitosis via growth factors. MSCs have even been shown to exhibit antimicrobial effects. Clinical results incorporating clinical scores and objective radiological imaging have been promising, but a lack of standardization in isolating MSCs prevents their incorporation in current guidelines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Stem Cell Research)
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