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Genes
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Molecular Mechanism of Plant Stress Resistance
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Molecular Mechanism of Plant Stress Resistance

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 August 2023) | Viewed by 8345

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rohit Joshi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
Interests: genes; transcripts; cloning; functional genomics; abiotic stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ananda Mustafiz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110021, India
Interests: plant stress tolerance; abiotic stress signaling; plant molecular biology; plant genetic engineering
Dr. Anil Kumar Singh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
Interests: plant stress tolerance; regulation of plant adaptation; plant functional genomics; plant genetic engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Understanding stress responses in plants is an important and challenging topic in plant research as multiple biotic and abiotic challenges occur simultaneously and more frequently under field conditions. Our knowledge is mostly generated through the physiological and molecular analyses of biotic and abiotic stress responses in various plants in the post-genomic era. Complete genome sequences of various plant species have facilitated in unraveling various mechanisms in stress-specific, tissue-specific and developmental-specific regulation. Stress tolerance mechanisms are regulated by an intricate signaling network and the traditional strategy of assessing gene/pathway function involves either forward or reverse genetics approaches. Systematic studies by various researchers on the novel regulatory mechanisms adapted by extremophiles have revealed that plants have evolved complicated and sophisticated systems in response to complex combinations of biotic and abiotic stresses. Integrating ‘OMICS’ data with reverse genetics approaches provides a more comprehensive picture of biotic and abiotic stress responses and identifies novel signaling components that serve as key targets. A deeper understanding of the complex stress signaling pathways provides clues to improving plant performance under stress conditions. Despite tremendous progress, still, several significant gaps are present to decode the black box of the role of genetic resources in combating stress.

In this Special Issue, we would like to invite submissions of high-quality original research or review articles on topics related to the individual and combined biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants.

Dr. Rohit Joshi
Dr. Ananda Mustafiz
Dr. Anil Kumar Singh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Genes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biotic stress
  • abiotic stress
  • combined stress response
  • stress regulatory mechanism
  • forward genetics
  • reverse genetics
  • gene knockout technology
  • extremophiles
  • stress adaptation
  • stress signaling

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2556 KiB  
Article
Identification and Validation of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis in Reed Canary Grass during Abiotic Stress
by Xuejie Jia, Yi Xiong, Yanli Xiong, Daxu Li, Qinqin Yu, Xiong Lei, Minghong You, Shiqie Bai, Jianbo Zhang and Xiao Ma
Genes 2023, 14(9), 1790; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14091790 - 12 Sep 2023
Viewed by 916
Abstract
Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) is known for its tolerance to drought, heavy metals, and waterlogging, making it a popular choice for forage production and wetland restoration in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). To accurately assess gene expression in reed canary grass [...] Read more.
Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) is known for its tolerance to drought, heavy metals, and waterlogging, making it a popular choice for forage production and wetland restoration in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). To accurately assess gene expression in reed canary grass under different abiotic stresses, suitable reference genes need to be identified and validated. Thirteen candidate reference gene sequences were selected and screened using RT-qPCR to detect their expression levels in reed canary grass leaves under drought, salt, cadmium, and waterlogging stresses. Four algorithms were used to assess the stability of the expression levels of the candidate reference genes. The most stably expressed genes were UBC and H3 under drought Cd, ETF and CYT under salt stress, and ETF and TUB under waterlogging stress. GAPDH was found to be less stable under abiotic stresses. PIP-1, PAL, NAC 90, and WRKY 72A were selected as response genes for quantitative expression assessment under drought, salt, Cd, and waterlogging stresses to confirm the accuracy of the selected stable reference genes. These results provide a theoretical reference for assessing gene expression in reed canary grass under abiotic stresses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism of Plant Stress Resistance)
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16 pages, 9287 KiB  
Article
Physio-Biochemical Integrators and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Nano-Elicitation Associated Response during Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. and Schult. F.) Backer ex K. Heyne Micropropagation
by Anita Kumari, Shubham Joshi, Aqib Iqbal Dar and Rohit Joshi
Genes 2023, 14(9), 1725; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14091725 - 29 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1062
Abstract
Bamboos are perennial, arborescent, monocarpic and industrially important non-timber plants. They are important for various purposes, such as carbon sequestration, biodiversity support, construction, and food and fiber production. However, traditional vegetative propagation is insufficient for bamboo multiplication. Moreover, little is known about the [...] Read more.
Bamboos are perennial, arborescent, monocarpic and industrially important non-timber plants. They are important for various purposes, such as carbon sequestration, biodiversity support, construction, and food and fiber production. However, traditional vegetative propagation is insufficient for bamboo multiplication. Moreover, little is known about the mechanism of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in vitro proliferation and regulation of physiological and biochemical properties. In this study, we investigated the impacts of citrate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) coated AuNPs on in vitro proliferation, photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant potential of Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. and Schult. F.) Backer ex K. Heyne. Various morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters were differentially affected along the citrate- and CTAB-coated AuNPs concentration gradients (200–600 µM). In vitro shoot proliferation, photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant activities were higher in D. asper grown on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 mg·L−1 benzyladenine and 400 µM citrate-coated AuNPs than in those grown on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 600 µM CTAB- coated AuNPs. Identification of genes regulating in vitro D. asper proliferation will help understand the molecular regulation of AuNPs-mediated elicitation for modulating various physiological and biochemical activities during micropropagation. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses identified differentially expressed genes associated with in vitro modulation of AuNPs-regulated biological processes and molecular functions. The findings of this study provide new insight into AuNPs-mediated elicitation of in vitro mass scale bamboo propagation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism of Plant Stress Resistance)
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17 pages, 2550 KiB  
Article
Proteomic Analysis of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots in Response to Rhizobium Nodulation and Salt Stress
by Yafang Wang, Pan Zhang, Le Li, Danning Li, Zheng Liang, Yuman Cao, Tianming Hu and Peizhi Yang
Genes 2022, 13(11), 2004; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13112004 - 2 Nov 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1587
Abstract
(1) Background: Alfalfa is an important legume forage throughout the world. Although alfalfa is considered moderately tolerant to salinity, its production and nitrogen-fixing activity are greatly limited by salt stress. (2) Methods: We examined the physiological changes and proteomic profiles of alfalfa with [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Alfalfa is an important legume forage throughout the world. Although alfalfa is considered moderately tolerant to salinity, its production and nitrogen-fixing activity are greatly limited by salt stress. (2) Methods: We examined the physiological changes and proteomic profiles of alfalfa with active nodules (NA) and without nodules (NN) under NaCl treatment. (3) Results: Our data suggested that NA roots showed upregulation of the pathways of abiotic and biotic stress responses (e.g., heat shock proteins and pathogenesis-related proteins), antioxidant enzyme synthesis, protein synthesis and degradation, cell wall degradation and modification, acid phosphatases, and porin transport when compared with NN plants under salt stress conditions. NA roots also upregulated the processes or proteins of lipid metabolism, heat shock proteins, protein degradation and folding, and cell cytoskeleton, downregulated the DNA and protein synthesis process, and vacuolar H+-ATPase proteins under salt stress. Besides, NA roots displayed a net H+ influx and low level of K+ efflux under salt stress, which may enhance the salt tolerance of NA plants. (4) Conclusions: The rhizobium symbiosis conferred the host plant salt tolerance by regulating a series of physiological processes to enhance stress response, improve antioxidant ability and energy use efficiency, and maintain ion homeostasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism of Plant Stress Resistance)
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Review

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16 pages, 3208 KiB  
Review
Rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae Pers. de-Bary) of Pea (Pisum sativum L.): Present Status and Future Resistance Breeding Opportunities
by Anil Kumar Singh, Chanda Kushwaha, Kumari Shikha, Ramesh Chand, Gyan P. Mishra, Harsh Kumar Dikshit, Jyoti Devi, Muraleedhar S. Aski, Shiv Kumar, Sanjeev Gupta and Ramakrishnan M. Nair
Genes 2023, 14(2), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14020374 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4160
Abstract
Uromyces viciae-fabae Pers. de-Bary is an important fungal pathogen causing rust in peas (Pisum sativum L.). It is reported in mild to severe forms from different parts of the world where the pea is grown. Host specificity has been indicated [...] Read more.
Uromyces viciae-fabae Pers. de-Bary is an important fungal pathogen causing rust in peas (Pisum sativum L.). It is reported in mild to severe forms from different parts of the world where the pea is grown. Host specificity has been indicated in this pathogen in the field but has not yet been established under controlled conditions. The uredinial states of U. viciae-fabae are infective under temperate and tropical conditions. Aeciospores are infective in the Indian subcontinent. The genetics of rust resistance was reported qualitatively. However, non-hypersensitive resistance responses and more recent studies emphasized the quantitative nature of pea rust resistance. Partial resistance/slow rusting had been described as a durable resistance in peas. Such resistance is of the pre-haustorial type and expressed as longer incubation and latent period, poor infection efficiency, a smaller number of aecial cups/pustules, and lower units of AUDPC (Area Under Disease Progress Curve). Screening techniques dealing with slow rusting should consider growth stages and environment, as both have a significant influence on the disease scores. Our knowledge about the genetics of rust resistance is increasing, and now molecular markers linked with gene/QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) of rust resistance have been identified in peas. The mapping efforts conducted in peas came out with some potent markers associated with rust resistance, but they must be validated under multi-location trails before use in the marker-assisted selection of rust resistance in pea breeding programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism of Plant Stress Resistance)
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