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Electronics
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Applications of Optical Fiber Sensors
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Applications of Optical Fiber Sensors

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Optoelectronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2024 | Viewed by 4956

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yi Weng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Lumentum Operations LLC., 1001 Ridder Park Drive, San Jose, CA 95131, USA
Interests: space-division multiplexing (SDM); coherent optical communications; few-mode-fiber; optical fiber sensors and sensor network; digital signal processing (DSP); orbital angular momentum (OAM); light detection and ranging (LIDAR)
Dr. Zhongqi Pan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
Interests: photonic devices; fiber communications; wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) technologies; optical performance monitoring; coherent optical communications; space-division-multiplexing (SDM) technologies; fiber sensor technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, fiber-optic sensors have changed traditional industrial processes, from new remote sensing engineering applications including bio-sensing to the concept of smart cities using artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. These sensors utilize optical fiber either as the sensing element, resulting in thousands of continuous sensor points along the fiber length, or as the medium of relaying signals from a remote sensor to the electronics that process the sensing signals. For instance, by using a device such as an optical time-domain reflectometer, the time delay can be determined to detect any changes in temperature, strain, and other parameters by using the physical properties of light as it travels down an optical fiber, while the wavelength shift can be calculated using an instrument implementing optical frequency-domain reflectometry in critical industrial applications.

Depending on different applications, fiber-optic sensors may have (but are not limited to) the following advantages:

  1. No electrical power is needed at the remote location, so they are immune to electromagnetic interference;
  2. Many sensors can be multiplexed along the length of a fiber simutaneously by using a light wavelength shift for each sensor;
  3. The time delay can be easily detected as light passes along the fiber through each sensor;
  4. They have an extremely small size, so the sensors can be embedded into any structure such as a bridge, building, dam, or wall.

This Special Issue highlights innovative studies and practical applications and addresses new technologies related to optical fiber sensors, together with emerging standards and research topics that would push forward the realization of smart cities and the Internet of Things. Original research articles and reviews are all welcome. Research areas may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Novel theories and concepts for fiber-optic sensing;
  2. New fiber design and fabrication for sensing applications;
  3. Modeling reliability analysis of fiber-optic devices, circuits, and systems;
  4. Circuit and system design and optimization for emerging remote sensing technologies;
  5. Digital signal processing in fiber-optic sensor networks, and sensor fusion techniques with multi-modal data;
  6. Thermal-aware electronics, system-on-chip, and network-on-chip combined with fiber-optic sensing systems;
  7. Innovative fiber-optic sensor design and verifications with high accuracy and reliability;
  8. Application of fiber-optic sensors in any area including healthcare, bio-sensing, smart homes, smart cities, environment monitoring, structural health, battlefield surveillance, artificial intelligence, robotics, and oil and gas leakage.

Dr. Yi Weng
Dr. Zhongqi Pan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fiber optics
  • sensors
  • digital signal processing
  • artificial intelligence
  • networks
  • engineering applications
  • Internet of Things
  • complex environment
  • smart city
  • sensor network

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3706 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Point Optical Fibre Sensor for Proton Therapy
by Crystal Penner, Samuel Usherovich, Sophia Andru, Camille Bélanger-Champagne, Cheryl Duzenli, Boris Stoeber and Cornelia Hoehr
Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1118; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061118 - 19 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 598
Abstract
As the technology to deliver precise and very high radiotherapeutic doses with narrow margins grows to better serve patients with complex radiotherapeutic needs, so does the need for sensors and sensor systems that can reliably deliver multi-point dose monitoring and dosimetry for enhanced [...] Read more.
As the technology to deliver precise and very high radiotherapeutic doses with narrow margins grows to better serve patients with complex radiotherapeutic needs, so does the need for sensors and sensor systems that can reliably deliver multi-point dose monitoring and dosimetry for enhanced safety and access. To address this need, we investigated a novel five-point scintillator system for simultaneously sampling points across a 74 MeV proton beam with a Hamamatsu 16-channel MPPC array. We studied the response across beam widths from 25 mm down to 5 mm in diameter and in multiple depths to observe beam penumbrae and output factors as well as depth–dose. We found through comparison to ionization chambers and radiochromic film that the array is capable of measurements accurate to within 8% in the centre of proton beams from 5 to 25 mm in diameter, and within 2% at 3.5 cm depth in water. The results from three trials are repeatable after calibration to within <1%. Overall, the five optical fibre sensor system shows promise as a fast, multipoint relative dosimetry system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Optical Fiber Sensors)
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14 pages, 3867 KiB  
Article
Development of a Methane-Detection System Using a Distributed Feedback Laser Diode and Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber
by Bin Li, Qingpeng Wang, Qizheng Wang and Yitong Huang
Electronics 2023, 12(4), 838; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040838 - 07 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1230
Abstract
A highly integrated methane-detection system was experimentally established by using a distributed feedback laser diode and hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. The self-developed circuits with a laser diode and essential optical devices were integrated into an instrument that generated a modulated optical signal in [...] Read more.
A highly integrated methane-detection system was experimentally established by using a distributed feedback laser diode and hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. The self-developed circuits with a laser diode and essential optical devices were integrated into an instrument that generated a modulated optical signal in a fiber-coupled gas cell that contained the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. The instrument could also process the return optical signal that contained the gas concentration information. The experiments demonstrated the good performance of the developed system. In the spectrum tests, the center wavelength of the laser diode could be tuned linearly by controlling the laser’s working temperature and driving current. The second harmonic signal could be extracted in order to reflect the gas concentration. According to the Allan deviation method, the low limit of detection of the system was determined to be 29.52 ppm. In addition, a long-term stability test demonstrated that the system has a good stable performance. The proposed system can be further optimized in order to be applied in paddy fields to detect and monitor the methane concentration in a large area by using the optical fibers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Optical Fiber Sensors)
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11 pages, 2214 KiB  
Article
Optical Fibers as Dosimeter Detectors for Mixed Proton/Neutron Fields—A Biological Dosimeter
by Jana Niedermeier, Crystal Penner, Samuel Usherovich, Camille Bélanger-Champagne, Elisabeth Paulssen and Cornelia Hoehr
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020324 - 08 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1246
Abstract
In recent years, proton therapy has gained importance as a cancer treatment modality due to its conformality with the tumor and the sparing of healthy tissue. However, in the interaction of the protons with the beam line elements and patient tissues, potentially harmful [...] Read more.
In recent years, proton therapy has gained importance as a cancer treatment modality due to its conformality with the tumor and the sparing of healthy tissue. However, in the interaction of the protons with the beam line elements and patient tissues, potentially harmful secondary neutrons are always generated. To ensure that this neutron dose is as low as possible, treatment plans could be created to also account for and minimize the neutron dose. To monitor such a treatment plan, a compact, easy to use, and inexpensive dosimeter must be developed that not only measures the physical dose, but which can also distinguish between proton and neutron contributions. To that end, plastic optical fibers with scintillation materials (Gd2O2S:Tb, Gd2O2S:Eu, and YVO4:Eu) were irradiated with protons and neutrons. It was confirmed that sensors with different scintillation materials have different sensitivities to protons and neutrons. A combination of these three scintillators can be used to build a detector array to create a biological dosimeter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Optical Fiber Sensors)
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12 pages, 11515 KiB  
Article
Organic Scintillator-Fibre Sensors for Proton Therapy Dosimetry: SCSF-3HF and EJ-260
by Crystal Penner, Samuel Usherovich, Jana Niedermeier, Camille Belanger-Champagne, Michael Trinczek, Elisabeth Paulssen and Cornelia Hoehr
Electronics 2023, 12(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010011 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1407
Abstract
In proton therapy, the dose from secondary neutrons to the patient can contribute to side effects and the creation of secondary cancer. A simple and fast detection system to distinguish between dose from protons and neutrons both in pretreatment verification as well as [...] Read more.
In proton therapy, the dose from secondary neutrons to the patient can contribute to side effects and the creation of secondary cancer. A simple and fast detection system to distinguish between dose from protons and neutrons both in pretreatment verification as well as potentially in vivo monitoring is needed to minimize dose from secondary neutrons. Two 3 mm long, 1 mm diameter organic scintillators were tested for candidacy to be used in a proton–neutron discrimination detector. The SCSF-3HF (1500) scintillating fibre (Kuraray Co. Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan) and EJ-260 plastic scintillator (Eljen Technology, Sweetwater, TX, USA) were irradiated at the TRIUMF Neutron Facility and the Proton Therapy Research Centre. In the proton beam, we compared the raw Bragg peak and spread-out Bragg peak response to the industry standard Markus chamber detector. Both scintillator sensors exhibited quenching at high LET in the Bragg peak, presenting a peak-to-entrance ratio of 2.59 for the EJ-260 and 2.63 for the SCSF-3HF fibre, compared to 3.70 for the Markus chamber. The SCSF-3HF sensor demonstrated 1.3 times the sensitivity to protons and 3 times the sensitivity to neutrons as compared to the EJ-260 sensor. Combined with our equations relating neutron and proton contributions to dose during proton irradiations, and the application of Birks’ quenching correction, these fibres provide valid candidates for inexpensive and replicable proton-neutron discrimination detectors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Optical Fiber Sensors)
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