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A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2022) | Viewed by 21115

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Lin Wang

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Guest Editor

Department of Information and Communication Engineering, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
Interests: communication theory; information theory; lossy/lossless coding/decoding theory; joint source-channel coding/decoding; channel coding/decoding; modulation/demodulation; digital communications; signal processing (graph signal processing)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Zesong Fei

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School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100080, China
Interests: wireless communications; channel coding; multiple access; physical layer security; joint radar and communications; MIMO systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Xuejun Sha

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Guest Editor

School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: Physical layer transmission; time-frequency domain coordination signal processing; precoding for OFDM; transform domain channel equalization

Prof. Dr. Rongke Liu

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Guest Editor

School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Interests: wireless communications; satellite internet; ASIC; channel coding; integrated sensing and communications

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As one of the largest achievements in modern society, cellular networks have revolutionized the way people live. The next generation networks (B5G/6G/IoT, etc.) have been expected to support high-speed data rates, low latency, massive connectivity, and enhanced capacity. More and more intelligent terminals and devices are connected to communication networks, and the demands of multirate, high data rates and bandwidth with the increased number of users necessitate the development of B5G/6G /IoT networks.

Against the continued dramatic increase in demand for high-data-rate communication services, it is increasingly important to find both energy- and bandwidth-efficient solutions for next-generation wired/wireless communication. To this end, many studies focus on the multirate and multicarrier technologies, and their performance-enhanced technologies, such as equalization, adaptive modulation, coding techniques and so forth. The main aim of this Special Issue is to gather recent advances related to multirate and multicarrier communications. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

Variable length source coding and channel coding;
Joint source-channel coding/decoding with adaptive rate;
Rate compatible and adaptive channel coding;
Multiaccess technologies for multicarrier communication;
Novel transceiver architectures for multicarrier communication;
Spread-spectrum multicarrier communication technologies;
Index modulation technologies for multicarrier communication;
Adaptive multicarrier technologies over non-stationary channels (underwater communication system, power line communications, etc.);

Multicarrier communication for next-generation communication systems (B5G, IoT, Enable Devices, etc.) with low latency and low cost.

Prof. Dr. Lin Wang
Prof. Dr. Zesong Fei
Prof. Dr. Xuejun Sha
Prof. Dr. Rongke Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

variable length and rate source coding and channel coding
JSCC with rate compatible adaptive
adaptive multicarrier communication (AMC)
multiacess techniques for MC
index modulations for MC
transceiver architectures for MC
MC over non-stationary channels

Published Papers (14 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 724 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Performance Improvement of Polar Codes via UEP Product Coding

by Yiting Liang, Huihui Wu, Kui Cai and Lin Wang

Electronics 2022, 11(22), 3721; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223721 - 13 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1306

Abstract

Aiming to improve the error correction performance of polar codes, researchers have proposed employing the product coding structure involving RS codes of different rates in the horizontal direction and the short polar codewords along the vertical direction. However, there is no efficient algorithm optimizing the rate allocation of RS codes. In order to address this problem, this paper provides an analytical formulation by maximizing the number of correctly decoded information bits. The proposed rate allocation formulation takes the channel statistics into consideration, and we further find that the number of different RS code rates could be limited to a small value. By doing so, the complexities of both the rate allocation optimization and the iterative product decoding could be reduced. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of RS-polar product codes with the proposed rate allocation method over both additive white Gaussian noise channels and Gilbert–Elliott channels. When the inner polar codes of rate

1 / 2

are utilized, the optimized RS-polar product codes of low-to-medium rates significantly outperform the successive cancellation decoding of long polar codes, in the regime of a frame error rate

\geq 10^{- 3}

. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multirate and Multicarrier Communication)

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13 pages, 395 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficient Decoder for Turbo Product Codes Based on Quadratic Residue Codes

by Jie Dong, Yong Li, Rui Liu, Taolin Guo and Francis C. M. Lau

Electronics 2022, 11(21), 3598; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11213598 - 3 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1409

Abstract

In this letter, we study turbo product codes with quadratic residue codes (called QR-TPCs) as the component codes. We propose an efficient decoder based on Chase-II algorithm with two convergence conditions for the iterative decoding of QR-TPCs. For each row and column, the Chase-II decoder will stop immediately when one of the conditions is met. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a lower computational complexity compared with existing decoding methods. Moreover, a comparison with 5G low-density parity-check codes shows that the proposed turbo product codes have better performance for short code lengths. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multirate and Multicarrier Communication)

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19 pages, 974 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Double Polar Codes for Joint Source and Channel Coding

by Yanfei Dong and Kai Niu

Electronics 2022, 11(21), 3557; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11213557 - 31 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1543

Abstract

In this paper, we design a joint source and channel coding (JSCC) framework combining the source polar coding and the channel polar coding. The source is first compressed using a polar code (PC), and source check decoding is employed to construct an error set containing the index of all source decoding errors. Then, the proposed JSCC system employs another PC or systematic PC (SPC) to protect the compressed source and the error set against noise, which is called double PC (D-PC) or systematic double PC (SD-PC), respectively. For a D-PC JSCC system, we prove a necessary condition for the optimal mapping between the source PC and the channel PC. On the receiver side, by introducing the joint factor graph representation of the D-PC and SD-PC, we propose two joint source and channel decoders: a joint belief propagation (J-BP) decoder, and a systematic joint belief propagation (SJ-BP) decoder. In addition, a biased extrinsic information transfer (B-EXIT) chart is developed for various decoders as a theoretical performance evaluation tool. Both B-EXIT and simulation results show that the performance of the proposed JSCC scheme has no error floor and outperforms the turbo-like BP decoder. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multirate and Multicarrier Communication)

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12 pages, 441 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Redesign of Channel Codes for Joint Source-Channel Coding Systems over One-Dimensional Inter-Symbol-Interference Magnetic Recording Channels

by Ying Sun, Chen Chen, Sanya Liu, Qiwang Chen and Lin Zhou

Electronics 2022, 11(21), 3490; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11213490 - 27 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1194

Abstract

Although the joint source-channel coding (JSCC) system based on double protograph low-density parity-check (DP-LDPC) codes has been shown to possess excellent error performance over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, it cannot perform well over one-dimensional inter-symbol-interference (OD-ISI) magnetic recording channels. In this study, a new JSCC system with a three-stage serially concatenated framework of Turbo equalization is firstly proposed for OD-ISI magnetic recording channels. Then, a modified joint protograph extrinsic information transfer (M-JPEXIT) algorithm is put forward to analyze the convergence-performance of the proposed system. By applying the M-JPEXIT algorithm, the channel codes are redesigned for this system to improve the error performance. Both the M-JPEXIT analysis and the bit-error-rate (BER) simulation results show the performance improvement of the proposed channel codes, especially in the water-fall region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multirate and Multicarrier Communication)

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13 pages, 1089 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Efficient Design of Lossy P-LDPC Codes over AWGN Channels

by Runfeng Wang, Sanya Liu, Huihui Wu and Lin Wang

Electronics 2022, 11(20), 3337; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203337 - 17 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1162

Abstract

Considering the high compression requirements of transmission, lossy block codes are particularly concerned due to their good compression performance and simple implementation. This paper investigates and analyzes the distortion rate performance of protograph LDPC (P-LDPC) codes for Bernoulli sources over AWGN channels. We first analytically establish the connection between the parity check matrix of a P-LDPC code and the extra distortion caused by the noisy channels. It was found that the additional distortion related to channel noise increases with the rising total degree of a parity check matrix. Further, two design algorithms are proposed for optimizing lossy multirate P-LDPC codes, considering the effect of noisy channels. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the optimized P-LDPC codes over noisy channels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multirate and Multicarrier Communication)

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17 pages, 490 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of Mutual-Information-Maximizing Quantized Shuffled Min-Sum Decoder for Rate-Compatible Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Codes

by Peng Kang, Kui Cai and Xuan He

Electronics 2022, 11(19), 3206; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193206 - 6 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1356

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a finite alphabet iterative decoder (FAID) named rate-compatible mutual-information-maximizing quantized shuffled min-sum (RC-MIM-QSMS) decoder, for decoding quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes with various code rates. Our proposed decoder exchanges the coarsely quantized messages represented by symbols from finite alphabets and adopts single-input lookup tables (LUTs) to implement the node updates. To construct the LUTs used for decoding, we first propose a modified density evolution by considering the shuffled schedule to generate the LUTs which vary with different layers and iterations. Furthermore, to reduce the memory requirement for storing the LUTs, we optimize the constructed LUTs into a unique set of LUTs that only change with different decoding iterations. To the best of our knowledge, the RC-MIM-QSMS decoder is the first one to integrate the rate compatibility of LDPC codes with the shuffled decoding schedule. Simulation results show that the proposed RC-MIM-QSMS decoder outperforms the floating-point shuffled belief propagation decoder in the high signal-to-noise region and achieves comparable convergence speed to other state-of-the-art FAIDs. Moreover, the RC-MIM-QSMS decoder is able to save up to

93.22 %

memory requirement compared to the benchmark MIM-FAIDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multirate and Multicarrier Communication)

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11 pages, 1134 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of a New Non-Coherent Cross-QAM-Based M-ary DCSK Communication System

by Zhuwen Yang and Guofa Cai

Electronics 2022, 11(19), 3128; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193128 - 29 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1157

Abstract

In this paper, a new non-coherent cross-quadrature amplitude modulation (XQAM)-based M-ary differential chaos shift keying (XQAM-MDCSK) system is proposed. In such a system, an autocorrelator is adopted at the receiver to obtain the channel compensation value. This framework can be extended to various amplitude phase shift keying-based MDCSK systems, such as star QAM-based MDCSK (star QAM-MDCSK) and square QAM-based MDCSK (SQAM-MDCSK) systems. Moreover, the bit error rate (BER) expression of the proposed XQAM-MDCSK system is derived over a multipath Rayleigh fading channel. Results show that the proposed XQAM-MDCSK system can achieve better BER performance and a lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared to the star QAM-MDCSK system. Furthermore, we also show that the performance of the proposed system can be close to that of a system with perfect channel state information (CSI). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multirate and Multicarrier Communication)

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13 pages, 2315 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Regularized Zero-Forcing Dirty Paper Precoding in a High-Throughput Satellite Communication System

by Mingchuan Yang, Xinye Shao, Guanchang Xue, Botao Liu and Yanyong Su

Electronics 2022, 11(19), 3106; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193106 - 28 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1333

Abstract

In order to maximize the available data rate and spectrum utilization efficiency, a high-throughput satellite communication system adopts the full spectrum reuse scheme, which will cause serious co-frequency interference. In this paper, a forward link model, considering the effects of free space loss, rainfall attenuation, and beam gain, is established, and the classical low-complexity of the zero-forcing precoding algorithm is improved in order to solve the serious co-frequency interference. Moreover, the regularized zero-forcing precoding algorithm considering the influence of system noise is studied, and a low complexity regularized zero-forcing dirty paper precoding algorithm is proposed, whose basic principle is to sort users based on the principle of channel maximum norm selection and practical application scenarios. Simulation results show that it can encode users sequentially, according to the channel conditions, to maximize the SINR (signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio) and increase the throughput of the system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multirate and Multicarrier Communication)

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13 pages, 444 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Symmetric Matrix-Aided MIMO to Improve Reliability for Maritime Visible Light Communications

by You Zhang, Yan Feng, Lin Zhang and Zhiqiang Wu

Electronics 2022, 11(19), 3019; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193019 - 23 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1089

Abstract

Turbulence in natural environments affects the reliability of communication. In this paper, we propose a symmetric matrix-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) maritime visible light communication (VLC) system to confront turbulence and improve reliability. In our design, by exploiting the repeatability of elements in the symmetric matrix, the matrix can expand the Euclidean distance between signals and effectively restrains the interference between signals, thus improving the reliability of maritime VLC systems. In addition, we derive the theoretical symbol error rate (SER) of the proposed scheme. Then, simulation results are provided to validate the theoretical SER. In addition, the SER performances of the proposed system are compared with the three benchmark schemes of repetitive coding (RC), spatial modulation (SM), and spatial multiplexing (SMP), and the transmission performances in VLC systems with different link distances, water qualities, and wind speeds are also investigated. The proposed symmetric matrix-assisted MIMO maritime VLC system can combat interferences effectively and enhance reliability performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multirate and Multicarrier Communication)

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15 pages, 501 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Decoding Quadratic Residue Codes Using Deep Neural Networks

by Ming Wang, Yong Li, Rui Liu, Huihui Wu, Youqiang Hu and Francis C. M. Lau

Electronics 2022, 11(17), 2717; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11172717 - 30 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1537

Abstract

In this paper, a low-complexity decoder based on a neural network is proposed to decode binary quadratic residue (QR) codes. The proposed decoder is based on the neural min-sum algorithm and the modified random redundant decoder (mRRD) algorithm. This new method has the same asymptotic time complexity as the min-sum algorithm, which is much lower than the difference on syndromes (DS) algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a gain of more than 0.4 dB when compared to the DS algorithm. Furthermore, a simplified approach based on trapping sets is applied to reduce the complexity of the mRRD. This simplification leads to a slight loss in error performance and a reduction in implementation complexity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multirate and Multicarrier Communication)

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12 pages, 727 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiple-Mode Orthogonal Time Frequency Space with Index Modulation

by Huarong Ren, Weikai Xu and Lin Wang

Electronics 2022, 11(16), 2600; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11162600 - 19 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1665

Abstract

Recently, orthogonal time frequency space modulation with index modulation (OTFS-IM) has been proposed to improve the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the OTFS system. However, only some of the grids in the OTFS-IM system are activated, resulting in low spectral efficiency (SE). In order to solve this problem, a new scheme called multiple-mode OTFS-IM (MM-OTFS-IM) is proposed in this paper. In the proposed scheme, all grids are activated to transmit modulation bits. Each grid in the subblock adopts a different modulation mode, and the index bits are transmitted implicitly by the combination of different constellation modes. At the receiver, a distance-based signal detection algorithm is designed, which uses the distance matrix to find the combination of the minimum sum of elements to recover the index bits. The simulation results demonstrate the enhanced performance of the proposed scheme in the time-varying channels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multirate and Multicarrier Communication)

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15 pages, 694 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improved Belief Propagation List Decoding for Polar Codes

by Huan Li, Jingxuan Huang and Ce Sun

Electronics 2022, 11(15), 2458; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152458 - 7 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2171

Abstract

Polar codes have become the channel coding scheme for control channel of enhanced mobile broadband in the 5G communication systems. Belief propagation (BP) decoding of polar codes has advantages of low decoding latency and high parallelism but achieves worse bit error ratio (BER) performance compared with the successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding scheme. In this paper, an improved BP list (IBPL) decoding algorithm is proposed with comparable BER performance to SCL algoritm. Firstly, the optimal permuted factor graph is analyzed for polar codes, which improves the performance of the BP decoder without path extension. Furthermore, based on the optimal graph, the bit metric and decoding path metric are proposed to extend and prune the decoding path. The proposed IBPL decoder is focused on not only the permutation of polar codes but also the reliabilities of decoded codewords during each iteration of BP decoding, which has a more accurate decoding path list. The simulation results show that the proposed IBPL decoder improves the BER performance compared with the original BP decoder significantly, and can approach the performance of the SCL decoder at low signal to noise ratio regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multirate and Multicarrier Communication)

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13 pages, 1115 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Generalized Carrier Index Differential Chaos Shift Keying Based SWIPT with Conversion Noise and Path Loss-Effect

by Mengxuan Zhang, Guixian Cheng, Bohan Yang and Cheng Yang

Electronics 2022, 11(15), 2406; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152406 - 1 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1314

Abstract

A generalized carrier index differential chaos shift keying with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (GCI-DCSK SWIPT) scheme, is proposed, which is an improved scheme for CI-DCSK SWIPT. Compared to CI-DCSK SWIPT, GCI-DCSK SWIPT is not only more flexible in selecting both index bit number and index carrier number, but also is more practical for considering both path loss and the conversion noise generated by radio frequency (RF) band to baseband. The proposed scheme applied a time-switching manner to harvest the energy carried by the inactive carriers. Theoretical bit error rate (BER) expressions of the scheme over AWGN and multipath Rayleigh fading channels are derived, and the ratio of harvested energy to transmitted energy is derived to desecribe the probability of self-sufficiency on power supply. In addition, the frame-derived factor and the energy carried by inactive carriers are optimized to obtain better BER performance. Simulation results show that taking both path loss and conversion noise into consideration, the scheme is still self-sufficient with good BER performance. Furthermore, by adjusting the number of active carriers of GCI-DCSK SWIPT, some cases of GCI-DCSK SWIPT outperform conversion noise-aware CI-DCSK SWIPT in BER. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multirate and Multicarrier Communication)

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14 pages, 519 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Intrinsic Interference Cancellation Scheme for FBMC-OQAM Systems Based on Power Multiplexing

by Jiazhe Li, Siyi Li, Heng Dong and Zhuoming Li

Electronics 2022, 11(9), 1443; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091443 - 29 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1290

Abstract

As a competitive candidate of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), filter-bank multicarrier (FBMC) has significant advantages in low spectrum leakage, relaxed synchronization requirements and high spectral efficiency. However, the loss of orthogonality leads to intrinsic interference in FBMC, whereas most methods eliminate it by sacrificing data symbols, resulting in a non-negligible decrease in spectral efficiency. In this context, we propose a new method that eliminates intrinsic interference completely without sacrificing any data symbols thanks to the power multiplexing in the transmitter and the successive interference cancellation scheme in the receiver, contributing to a higher spectral efficiency compared with previous methods. Both the analytical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method has higher spectral efficiency and similar power efficiency compared with the traditional coded auxiliary pilot (CAP) method without a notable decrease in bit error rate (BER) performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multirate and Multicarrier Communication)

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