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Cells
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Nuclear Pore Complex in Nanomedicine
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Nuclear Pore Complex in Nanomedicine

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Nuclei: Function, Transport and Receptors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 30792

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Richard W. Wong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
Interests: nuclear pore complex; nano-medicine; cancer; cell cycle; AFM; SRM
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nuclear pore complexes (NPC) at the surfaces of nuclear membranes play a critical role in regulating the transport of molecules between the cell nucleus and cytoplasm. Overall, we know fairly well what the nanoscopic trafficking machinery looks like and how it functions, and we have a considerably better view of NPCs than just a decade ago. Aberrant functions of nucleoporins (Nups) and NPCs have been associated with many diseases, including autoimmune diseases (Nup358/RanBP2), viral infections (Nup358/RanBP2, Tpr, and Nup153), neuronal diseases (RanGAP1), cardiomyopathies (NDC1, Nup160, Nup153, and Nup93), and cancers, especially leukemia (Nup98, Nup214). However, and in spite of the importance of NPCs, we still only have a limited understanding of the spatial–temporal dynamics of NPCs.

To date, several strategies have been deployed to tackle these nanopores, often focusing on cellular or structural control/alterations. Powerful developments in this multidisciplinary NPC field have yielded novel technologies and models; however, there are still major challenges ahead, including the need for more complex functionality and biochemical stability. 

In this Special Issue, we invite you to contribute original research articles, reviews, case reports or shorter “Perspective” articles on all aspects related to the theme of “Nuclear Pore Complex in Nanomedicine”.,We especially hope to highlight current trends and novel models with functional insights from a cellular and nanoscopic perspective.

Prof. Dr. Richard W. Wong
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nuclear pore complex
  • Cell cycle and cancer
  • Imaging and microscopy
  • Structure and function
  • Nano
  • Medicine

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

5 pages, 219 KiB  
Editorial
New Activities of the Nuclear Pore Complexes
by Richard W. Wong
Cells 2021, 10(8), 2123; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10082123 - 18 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2905
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) at the surface of nuclear membranes play a critical role in regulating the transport of both small molecules and macromolecules between the cell nucleus and cytoplasm via their multilayered spiderweb-like central channel. During mitosis, nuclear envelope breakdown leads to [...] Read more.
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) at the surface of nuclear membranes play a critical role in regulating the transport of both small molecules and macromolecules between the cell nucleus and cytoplasm via their multilayered spiderweb-like central channel. During mitosis, nuclear envelope breakdown leads to the rapid disintegration of NPCs, allowing some NPC proteins to play crucial roles in the kinetochore structure, spindle bipolarity, and centrosome homeostasis. The aberrant functioning of nucleoporins (Nups) and NPCs has been associated with autoimmune diseases, viral infections, neurological diseases, cardiomyopathies, and cancers, especially leukemia. This Special Issue highlights several new contributions to the understanding of NPC proteostasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nuclear Pore Complex in Nanomedicine)

Research

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21 pages, 4041 KiB  
Article
Nuclear Export of Cyclin B Mediated by the Nup62 Complex Is Required for Meiotic Initiation in Drosophila Males
by Ryotaro Okazaki, Kanta Yamazoe and Yoshihiro H. Inoue
Cells 2020, 9(2), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9020270 - 22 Jan 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3976
Abstract
Background: The central channel of the nuclear pore complex plays an important role in the selective transport of proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Previous studies have demonstrated that the depletion of the Nup62 complex, constructing the nuclear pore channel in premeiotic Drosophila [...] Read more.
Background: The central channel of the nuclear pore complex plays an important role in the selective transport of proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Previous studies have demonstrated that the depletion of the Nup62 complex, constructing the nuclear pore channel in premeiotic Drosophila cells, resulted in the absence of meiotic cells. We attempted to understand the mechanism underlying the cell cycle arrest before meiosis. Methods: We induced dsRNAs against the nucleoporin mRNAs using the Gal4/UAS system in Drosophila. Results: The cell cycle of the Nup62-depleted cells was arrested before meiosis without CDK1 activation. The ectopic over-expression of CycB, but not constitutively active CDK1, resulted in partial rescue from the arrest. CycB continued to exist in the nuclei of Nup62-depleted cells and cells depleted of exportin encoded by emb. Protein complexes containing CycB, Emb, and Nup62 were observed in premeiotic spermatocytes. CycB, which had temporally entered the nucleus, was associated with Emb, and the complex was transported back to the cytoplasm through the central channel, interacting with the Nup62 complex. Conclusion: We proposed that CycB is exported with Emb through the channel interacting with the Nup62 complex before the onset of meiosis. The nuclear export ensures the modification and formation of sufficient CycB-CDK1 in the cytoplasm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nuclear Pore Complex in Nanomedicine)
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17 pages, 6660 KiB  
Article
Nucleoporin 62-Like Protein is Required for the Development of Pharyngeal Arches through Regulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Apoptotic Homeostasis in Zebrafish
by Xiaojie Yang, Xixi Li, Qilin Gu, Qing Li and Zongbin Cui
Cells 2019, 8(9), 1038; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8091038 - 05 Sep 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3641
Abstract
We have previously observed the predominant expression of nucleoporin 62-like (Nup62l) mRNA in the pharyngeal region of zebrafish, which raises the question whether Nup62l has important implications in governing the morphogenesis of pharyngeal arches (PA) in zebrafish. Herein, we explored the functions [...] Read more.
We have previously observed the predominant expression of nucleoporin 62-like (Nup62l) mRNA in the pharyngeal region of zebrafish, which raises the question whether Nup62l has important implications in governing the morphogenesis of pharyngeal arches (PA) in zebrafish. Herein, we explored the functions of Nup62l in PA development. The disruption of Nup62l with a CRISPR/Cas9-dependent gene knockout approach led to defective PA, which was characterized by a thinned and shortened pharyngeal region and a significant loss of pharyngeal cartilages. During pharyngeal cartilage formation, prechondrogenic condensation and chondrogenic differentiation were disrupted in homozygous nup62l-mutants, while the specification and migration of cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) were unaffected. Mechanistically, the impaired PA region of nup62l-mutants underwent extensive apoptosis, which was mainly dependent on activation of p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. Moreover, aberrant activation of a series of apoptotic pathways in nup62l-mutants is closely associated with the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Thus, these findings suggest that the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin activity by Nup62l is crucial for PA formation in zebrafish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nuclear Pore Complex in Nanomedicine)
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Review

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40 pages, 2456 KiB  
Review
How SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses Build an Invasion Route to Hijack the Host Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking System
by Elma Sakinatus Sajidah, Keesiang Lim and Richard W. Wong
Cells 2021, 10(6), 1424; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061424 - 07 Jun 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 8104
Abstract
The host nucleocytoplasmic trafficking system is often hijacked by viruses to accomplish their replication and to suppress the host immune response. Viruses encode many factors that interact with the host nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) and the nucleoporins of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) [...] Read more.
The host nucleocytoplasmic trafficking system is often hijacked by viruses to accomplish their replication and to suppress the host immune response. Viruses encode many factors that interact with the host nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) and the nucleoporins of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) to access the host nucleus. In this review, we discuss the viral factors and the host factors involved in the nuclear import and export of viral components. As nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is vital for the replication of many viruses, we also review several drugs that target the host nuclear transport machinery and discuss their feasibility for use in antiviral treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nuclear Pore Complex in Nanomedicine)
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24 pages, 4020 KiB  
Review
Host-HIV-1 Interactome: A Quest for Novel Therapeutic Intervention
by Ekta Shukla and Radha Chauhan
Cells 2019, 8(10), 1155; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8101155 - 27 Sep 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 10786
Abstract
The complex nature and structure of the human immunodeficiency virus has rendered the cure for HIV infections elusive. The advances in antiretroviral treatment regimes and the development of highly advanced anti-retroviral therapy, which primarily targets the HIV enzymes, have dramatically changed the face [...] Read more.
The complex nature and structure of the human immunodeficiency virus has rendered the cure for HIV infections elusive. The advances in antiretroviral treatment regimes and the development of highly advanced anti-retroviral therapy, which primarily targets the HIV enzymes, have dramatically changed the face of the HIV epidemic worldwide. Despite this remarkable progress, patients treated with these drugs often witness inadequate efficacy, compound toxicity and non-HIV complications. Considering the limited inventory of druggable HIV proteins and their susceptibility to develop drug resistance, recent attempts are focussed on targeting HIV-host interactomes that are essential for viral reproduction. Noticeably, unlike other viruses, HIV subverts the host nuclear pore complex to enter into and exit through the nucleus. Emerging evidence suggests a crucial role of interactions between HIV-1 proteins and host nucleoporins that underlie the import of the pre-integration complex into the nucleus and export of viral RNAs into the cytoplasm during viral replication. Nevertheless, the interaction of HIV-1 with nucleoporins has been poorly described and the role of nucleoporins during nucleocytoplasmic transport of HIV-1 still remains unclear. In this review, we highlight the advances and challenges in developing a more effective antiviral arsenal by exploring critical host-HIV interactions with a special focus on nuclear pore complex (NPC) and nucleoporins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nuclear Pore Complex in Nanomedicine)
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