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Cells
Special Issues
HIV and Host Interactions Ⅱ
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HIV and Host Interactions Ⅱ

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Microenvironment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2023) | Viewed by 7185

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Daria Lucia Trabattoni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences-L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
Interests: innate and acquired immune responses; antiviral immune responses; immune correlates of protection; immunomodulators; vaccines; transplantation rejection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mara Biasin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences-L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
Interests: viral infections; immunology; antiviral factors; genetic correlates of protection; antigen presentation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

HIV and human defense mechanisms have co-evolved to neutralize each other. In the course of infection, HIV exploits the cellular equipment and inhibits the action of antiviral proteins (termed “restriction factors”). Not everyone exposed to the virus becomes infected, and there is considerable heterogeneity in the clinical course of HIV infection, with some people progressing rapidly to disease and death while others show no signs of immunodeficiency for decades. These individuals exhibit immunological and genetic features that confer upon them a natural resistance to infection and/or disease progression. The study of these correlates of protection is valuable because the reasons responsible for the devastating immune deficiency of HIV-1 infection are not entirely unveiled, nor are we aware why the potent antiviral immune response eventually fails to control viral replication. Despite HIV’s ability to evade host restriction factors, the detection of these determinants and understanding of how they interact with viral accessory proteins provide remarkable insight into the potential mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. The discovery of molecular profiles and mechanisms distinctive of these individuals could also provide new insights to control HIV infection and contribute to the development of new antivirals and hopefully vaccines against AIDS.

Prof. Dr. Daria Lucia Trabattoni
Dr. Mara Biasin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • HIV
  • host factors
  • immunological correlates of protection
  • genetic correlates of protection
  • LTNP
  • elite controller
  • HIV-exposed seronegative individuals

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3496 KiB  
Article
Impact of Anti PD-1 Immunotherapy on HIV Reservoir and Anti-Viral Immune Responses in People Living with HIV and Cancer
by Marine Baron, Cathia Soulié, Armelle Lavolé, Lambert Assoumou, Baptiste Abbar, Baptiste Fouquet, Alice Rousseau, Marianne Veyri, Assia Samri, Alain Makinson, Sylvain Choquet, Julien Mazières, Solenn Brosseau, Brigitte Autran, Dominique Costagliola, Christine Katlama, Jacques Cadranel, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Olivier Lambotte, Jean-Philippe Spano, Amélie Guihot, The French Cooperative Thoracic Intergroup (IFCT) CHIVA-2 Investigators and The ANRS Co 24 OncoVIHAC Study Groupadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Cells 2022, 11(6), 1015; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11061015 - 17 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3287
Abstract
The role of immune checkpoints (ICPs) in both anti-HIV T cell exhaustion and HIV reservoir persistence, has suggested that an HIV cure therapeutic strategy could involve ICP blockade. We studied the impact of anti-PD-1 therapy on HIV reservoirs and anti-viral immune responses in [...] Read more.
The role of immune checkpoints (ICPs) in both anti-HIV T cell exhaustion and HIV reservoir persistence, has suggested that an HIV cure therapeutic strategy could involve ICP blockade. We studied the impact of anti-PD-1 therapy on HIV reservoirs and anti-viral immune responses in people living with HIV and treated for cancer. At several timepoints, we monitored CD4 cell counts, plasma HIV-RNA, cell associated (CA) HIV-DNA, EBV, CMV, HBV, HCV, and HHV-8 viral loads, activation markers, ICP expression and virus-specific T cells. Thirty-two patients were included, with median follow-up of 5 months. The CA HIV-DNA tended to decrease before cycle 2 (p = 0.049). Six patients exhibited a ≥0.5 log10 HIV-DNA decrease at least once. Among those, HIV-DNA became undetectable for 10 months in one patient. Overall, no significant increase in HIV-specific immunity was observed. In contrast, we detected an early increase in CTLA-4 + CD4+ T cells in all patients (p = 0.004) and a greater increase in CTLA-4+ and TIM-3 + CD8+ T cells in patients without HIV-DNA reduction compared to the others (p ≤ 0.03). Our results suggest that ICP replacement compensatory mechanisms might limit the impact of anti-PD-1 monotherapy on HIV reservoirs, and pave the way for combination ICP blockade in HIV cure strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV and Host Interactions Ⅱ)
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Review

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13 pages, 644 KiB  
Review
Immunotherapy with Cell-Based Biological Drugs to Cure HIV-1 Infection
by Gabriel Siracusano and Lucia Lopalco
Cells 2022, 11(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11010077 - 28 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3506
Abstract
Since its discovery 35 years ago, there have been no therapeutic interventions shown to enable full HIV-1 remission. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has achieved the sustained control of HIV-1 replication, however, the life-long treatment does not eradicate long-lived latently infected reservoirs and can [...] Read more.
Since its discovery 35 years ago, there have been no therapeutic interventions shown to enable full HIV-1 remission. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has achieved the sustained control of HIV-1 replication, however, the life-long treatment does not eradicate long-lived latently infected reservoirs and can result in multiple side effects including the development of multidrug-resistant escape mutants. Antibody-based treatments have emerged as alternative approaches for a HIV-1 cure. Here, we will review clinical advances in coreceptor-targeting antibodies, with respect to anti-CCR5 antibodies in particular, which are currently being generated to target the early stages of infection. Among the Env-specific antibodies widely accepted as relevant in cure strategies, the potential role of those targeting CD4-induced (CD4i) epitopes of the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) in eliminating HIV-1 infected cells has gained increasing interest and will be presented. Together, with approaches targeting the HIV-1 replication cycle, we will discuss the strategies aimed at boosting and modulating specific HIV-1 immune responses, highlighting the harnessing of TLR agonists for their dual role as latency reverting agents (LRAs) and immune-modulatory compounds. The synergistic combinations of different approaches have shown promising results to ultimately enable a HIV-1 cure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV and Host Interactions Ⅱ)
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