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Biomedicines
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Nanobiomaterials: From Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications
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Nanobiomaterials: From Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanomedicine and Nanobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 20342

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rajni Verma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nanospinic Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
Interests: nanomaterials; biomaterials such as protein and peptides; optical imaging; nano-biointerface; fluorescence; microscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Dong-Kwon Lim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
2. Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: nanomedicine; biosensor; drug delivery system

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to contribute a full article or review to this Special Issue, entitled “Nanobiomaterials: From Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications”.

In the last few years, the study of functional nanomaterials and biomaterials has become a distinctive subject of research. Nanobiomaterials are biomaterials in nanoscale, natural or synthetic, that interact with biological systems to perform a specific function. Nanobiomaterials can serve as an integral part of devices intended to sense a biological response, to deliver a drug in a controlled manner or to direct a specific physiological function. Nanobiomaterials are materials with typical size features in the lower nanometer size range and characteristic mesoscopic properties—for example, quantum size effects. These properties make them attractive objects of fundamental research and potential new applications. Nanobiomaterials also include inorganic materials functionalized with ligands, biomaterials, and biomolecules.

This Special Issue focuses on the fabrication and characterization of nanobiomaterials followed by fundamental aspects of functional nanomaterials and biomaterials to study their interactions with biological and biomedical systems and more. The interdisciplinary aspect of this Special Issue means it is open to all aspects of nanomaterial- and biomaterial-related research.

Dr. Rajni Verma
Prof. Dr. D.K. Lim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanomaterials
  • biomaterials
  • fabrication
  • bioimaging
  • biosensing
  • drug delivery
  • cancer
  • theranostics

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 4924 KiB  
Article
A Fast, Reliable Oil-In-Water Microemulsion Procedure for Silica Coating of Ferromagnetic Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles Capable of Inducing Cancer Cell Death In Vitro
by Stefan Nitica, Ionel Fizesan, Roxana Dudric, Lucian Barbu-Tudoran, Anca Pop, Felicia Loghin, Nicoleta Vedeanu, Constantin Mihai Lucaciu and Cristian Iacovita
Biomedicines 2022, 10(7), 1647; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071647 - 8 Jul 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1622
Abstract
The applications of ferrimagnetic nanoparticles (F-MNPs) in magnetic hyperthermia (MH) are restricted by their stabilization in microscale aggregates due to magnetostatic interactions significantly reducing their heating performances. Coating the F-MNPs in a silica layer is expected to significantly reduce the magnetostatic interactions, thereby [...] Read more.
The applications of ferrimagnetic nanoparticles (F-MNPs) in magnetic hyperthermia (MH) are restricted by their stabilization in microscale aggregates due to magnetostatic interactions significantly reducing their heating performances. Coating the F-MNPs in a silica layer is expected to significantly reduce the magnetostatic interactions, thereby increasing their heating ability. A new fast, facile, and eco-friendly oil-in-water microemulsion-based method was used for coating Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 F-MNPs in a silica layer within 30 min by using ultrasounds. The silica-coated clusters were characterized by various physicochemical techniques and MH, while cytotoxicity studies, cellular uptake determination, and in vitro MH experiments were performed on normal and malignant cell lines. The average hydrodynamic diameter of silica-coated clusters was approximately 145 nm, displaying a high heating performance (up to 2600 W/gFe). Biocompatibility up to 250 μg/cm2 (0.8 mg/mL) was recorded by Alamar Blue and Neutral Red assays. The silica-coating increases the cellular uptake of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 clusters up to three times and significantly improves their intracellular MH performances. A 90% drop in cellular viability was recorded after 30 min of MH treatment (20 kA/m, 355 kHz) for a dosage level of 62.5 μg/cm2 (0.2 mg/mL), while normal cells were more resilient to MH treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanobiomaterials: From Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications)
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20 pages, 5459 KiB  
Article
Dual-Functional Antioxidant and Antiamyloid Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Fabricated by Controlled Synthesis in Water-Alcohol Solutions
by Katarina Siposova, Veronika Huntosova, Ivana Garcarova, Yuliia Shlapa, Illia Timashkov, Anatolii Belous and Andrey Musatov
Biomedicines 2022, 10(5), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10050942 - 19 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2250
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to be associated with a number of degenerative diseases. A better knowledge of the interplay between oxidative stress and amyloidogenesis is crucial for the understanding of both, aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs, nanoceria) [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is known to be associated with a number of degenerative diseases. A better knowledge of the interplay between oxidative stress and amyloidogenesis is crucial for the understanding of both, aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs, nanoceria) due to their remarkable properties are perspective nanomaterials in the study of the processes accompanying oxidative-stress-related diseases, including amyloid-related pathologies. In the present work, we analyze the effects of CeO2 NPs of different sizes and Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios on the fibrillogenesis of insulin, SOD-like enzymatic activity, oxidative stress, biocompatibility, and cell metabolic activity. CeO2 NPs (marked as Ce1–Ce5) with controlled physical–chemical parameters, such as different sizes and various Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios, are synthesized by precipitation in water–alcohol solutions. All synthesized NPs are monodispersed and exhibit good stability in aqueous suspensions. ThT and ANS fluorescence assays and AFM are applied to monitor the insulin amyloid aggregation and antiamyloid aggregation activity of CeO2 NPs. The analyzed Ce1–Ce5 nanoparticles strongly inhibit the formation of insulin amyloid aggregates in vitro. The bioactivity is analyzed using SOD and MTT assays, Western blot, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. The antioxidative effects and bioactivity of nanoparticles are size- or valence-dependent. CeO2 NPs show great potential benefits for studying the interplay between oxidative stress and amyloid-related diseases, and can be used for verification of the role of oxidative stress in amyloid-related diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanobiomaterials: From Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications)
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11 pages, 3042 KiB  
Article
Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Phosphorylated-Tau Threonine 231 in Human Serum Using Interdigitated Wave-Shaped Electrode
by Hien T. Ngoc Le and Sungbo Cho
Biomedicines 2022, 10(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10010010 - 22 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2704
Abstract
The development of an electrochemical biosensor for the detection of phosphorylated-tau threonine 231 (p-tau231), a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has yet to be achieved. Therefore, in this study, we developed a simple, small size, cheap, and sensitive electrochemical biosensor based on an [...] Read more.
The development of an electrochemical biosensor for the detection of phosphorylated-tau threonine 231 (p-tau231), a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has yet to be achieved. Therefore, in this study, we developed a simple, small size, cheap, and sensitive electrochemical biosensor based on an interdigitated wave-shaped electrode via an activated self-assembled monolayer to preserve a specific anti–p-tau231 antibody (IWE/SAM/EDC-NHS/anti–p-tau231). Detection of p-tau231 in human serum (HS) using the biosensor was undertaken using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The change in charge-transfer resistance (Rct) in the EIS analysis of the biosensor indicated the detection of p-tau231 in HS within a wide linear range of detection (10−4–101 ng mL−1), and a low limit of detection (140 pg mL−1). This lower limit is less than the detection level of p-tau231 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (700 pg mL−1) of AD patients and the level of CSF p-tau231 of patients with mild cognitive impairment (501 pg mL−1), demonstrating the possibility of using the biosensor in detection of p-tau231 at early stage AD. A high binding affinity and low dissociation constant (Kd) between anti–p-tau231 and p-tau231 in HS was demonstrated by using a biosensor and Kd was 7.6 pM, demonstrating the high specific detection of p-tau231 by the biosensor. The good selectivity of the biosensor for the detection of p-tau231 with differential analytes was also examined in this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanobiomaterials: From Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications)
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Review

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22 pages, 1059 KiB  
Review
Application of Plant-Derived Nanoparticles (PDNP) in Food-Producing Animals as a Bio-Control Agent against Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens
by Daniel Jesuwenu Ajose, Tesleem Olatunde Abolarinwa, Bukola Opeyemi Oluwarinde, Peter Kotsoana Montso, Omolola Esther Fayemi, Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu and Collins Njie Ateba
Biomedicines 2022, 10(10), 2426; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102426 - 28 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2373
Abstract
Antibiotics are regularly used in animal husbandry to treat diseases. This practice is beneficial to animals’ health and helps ensure food security. However, the misuse of antibiotics, especially in food-producing animals, has resulted in the advent of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its dissemination [...] Read more.
Antibiotics are regularly used in animal husbandry to treat diseases. This practice is beneficial to animals’ health and helps ensure food security. However, the misuse of antibiotics, especially in food-producing animals, has resulted in the advent of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its dissemination among foodborne pathogens. The occurrence of AMR in bacteria pathogens that cause infections in animals and those associated with food spoilage is now considered a global health concern affecting humans, animals and the environment. The search for alternative antimicrobial agents has kindled the interest of many researchers. Among the alternatives, using plant-derived nanoparticles (PDNPs) for treating microbial dysfunctions in food-producing animals has gained significant attention. In traditional medicine, plant extracts are considered as safe, efficient and natural antibacterial agents for various animal diseases. Given the complexity of the AMR and concerns about issues at the interface of human health, animal health and the environment, it is important to emphasize the role of a One Health approach in addressing this problem. This review examines the potential of PDNPs as bio-control agents in food-producing animals, intending to provide consumers with microbiologically safe food while ensuring food safety and security, better health for animals and humans and a safe environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanobiomaterials: From Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications)
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14 pages, 1463 KiB  
Review
The Discovery of the Role of Outer Membrane Vesicles against Bacteria
by Sofia Combo, Sérgio Mendes, Kaare Magne Nielsen, Gabriela Jorge da Silva and Sara Domingues
Biomedicines 2022, 10(10), 2399; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102399 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3030
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are intrinsically resistant to many commercialized antibiotics. The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria prevents the entry of such antibiotics. Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are naturally released from the OM of Gram-negative bacteria for a range of purposes, including competition with [...] Read more.
Gram-negative bacteria are intrinsically resistant to many commercialized antibiotics. The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria prevents the entry of such antibiotics. Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are naturally released from the OM of Gram-negative bacteria for a range of purposes, including competition with other bacteria. OMV may carry, as part of the membrane or lumen, molecules with antibacterial activity. Such OMV can be exposed to and can fuse with the cell surface of different bacterial species. In this review we consider how OMV can be used as tools to deliver antimicrobial agents. This includes the characteristics of OMV production and how this process can be used to create the desired antibacterial activity of OMV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanobiomaterials: From Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications)
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19 pages, 1368 KiB  
Review
The Potential of Antibody Technology and Silver Nanoparticles for Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy for Melanoma
by Zaria Malindi, Stefan Barth and Heidi Abrahamse
Biomedicines 2022, 10(9), 2158; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092158 - 1 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2594
Abstract
Melanoma is highly aggressive and is known to be efficient at resisting drug-induced apoptotic signals. Resection is currently the gold standard for melanoma management, but it only offers local control of the early stage of the disease. Metastatic melanoma is prone to recurrence, [...] Read more.
Melanoma is highly aggressive and is known to be efficient at resisting drug-induced apoptotic signals. Resection is currently the gold standard for melanoma management, but it only offers local control of the early stage of the disease. Metastatic melanoma is prone to recurrence, and has a poor prognosis and treatment response. Thus, the need for advanced theranostic alternatives is evident. Photodynamic therapy has been increasingly studied for melanoma treatment; however, it relies on passive drug accumulation, leading to off-target effects. Nanoparticles enhance drug biodistribution, uptake and intra-tumoural concentration and can be functionalised with monoclonal antibodies that offer selective biorecognition. Antibody–drug conjugates reduce passive drug accumulation and off-target effects. Nonetheless, one limitation of monoclonal antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates is their lack of versatility, given cancer’s heterogeneity. Monoclonal antibodies suffer several additional limitations that make recombinant antibody fragments more desirable. SNAP-tag is a modified version of the human DNA-repair enzyme, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. It reacts in an autocatalytic and covalent manner with benzylguanine-modified substrates, providing a simple protein labelling system. SNAP-tag can be genetically fused with antibody fragments, creating fusion proteins that can be easily labelled with benzylguanine-modified payloads for site-directed delivery. This review aims to highlight the benefits and limitations of the abovementioned approaches and to outline how their combination could enhance photodynamic therapy for melanoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanobiomaterials: From Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications)
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24 pages, 3738 KiB  
Review
Emerging Prospects of Nanozymes for Antibacterial and Anticancer Applications
by Nayanika Chakraborty, Sona Gandhi, Rajni Verma and Indrajit Roy
Biomedicines 2022, 10(6), 1378; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061378 - 10 Jun 2022
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3697
Abstract
The ability of some nanoparticles to mimic the activity of certain enzymes paves the way for several attractive biomedical applications which bolster the already impressive arsenal of nanomaterials to combat deadly diseases. A key feature of such ‘nanozymes’ is the duplication of activities [...] Read more.
The ability of some nanoparticles to mimic the activity of certain enzymes paves the way for several attractive biomedical applications which bolster the already impressive arsenal of nanomaterials to combat deadly diseases. A key feature of such ‘nanozymes’ is the duplication of activities of enzymes or classes of enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, oxidase, and peroxidase which are known to modulate the oxidative balance of treated cells for facilitating a particular biological process such as cellular apoptosis. Several nanoparticles that include those of metals, metal oxides/sulfides, metal–organic frameworks, carbon-based materials, etc., have shown the ability to behave as one or more of such enzymes. As compared to natural enzymes, these artificial nanozymes are safer, less expensive, and more stable. Moreover, their catalytic activity can be tuned by changing their size, shape, surface properties, etc. In addition, they can also be engineered to demonstrate additional features, such as photoactivated hyperthermia, or be loaded with active agents for multimodal action. Several researchers have explored the nanozyme-mediated oxidative modulation for therapeutic purposes, often in combination with other diagnostic and/or therapeutic modalities, using a single probe. It has been observed that such synergistic action can effectively by-pass the various defense mechanisms adapted by rogue cells such as hypoxia, evasion of immuno-recognition, drug-rejection, etc. The emerging prospects of using several such nanoparticle platforms for the treatment of bacterial infections/diseases and cancer, along with various related challenges and opportunities, are discussed in this review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanobiomaterials: From Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications)
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