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Fracture and Fatigue Assessments of Structural Components

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2020) | Viewed by 33837

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Prof. Dr. Alberto Campagnolo

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Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
Interests: fatigue of metals; fracture mechanics; solid mechanics; structural integrity; welded joints
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Dear Colleagues,

Dealing with fracture and fatigue assessments of structural components, different approaches have been proposed in the literature. They are usually divided into three subgroups: Stress-based, strain-based and energy-based criteria.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an update to the state-of-the-art on these approaches. The topics which deserve particular interest for this Special Issue are: Applications to new advanced materials, such as additive materials; applications to complex and real structures; recent advanced criteria for fracture and fatigue predictions under complex loading conditions, such as multiaxial constant amplitude and random fatigue loadings.

Dr. Alberto Campagnolo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Fracture assessment
Fatigue assessment
Crack
Notch
Etc.

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 154 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue on Fracture and Fatigue Assessments of Structural Components

by Alberto Campagnolo

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6327; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186327 - 11 Sep 2020

Viewed by 1170

Abstract

This Special Issue covers the broad topic of structural integrity of components subjected to either static or fatigue loading conditions, and it is concerned with the modelling, assessment and reliability of components of any scale. Dealing with fracture and fatigue assessments of structural elements, different approaches are available in the literature. They are usually divided into three subgroups: stress-based, strain-based and energy-based criteria. Typical applications include materials exhibiting either linear-elastic or elasto-plastic behaviours, and plain and notched or cracked components subjected to static or cyclic loading conditions. In particular, the articles contained in this issue concentrate on the mechanics of fracture and fatigue in relation to structural elements from nano- to full-scale and on the applications of advanced approaches for fracture and fatigue life predictions under complex geometries or loading conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture and Fatigue Assessments of Structural Components)

Research

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14 pages, 5348 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Fatigue Lifetime and Characterization of Fatigue Crack Behavior of Aluminium Scroll Compressor Using C-Specimen

by Sang-Youn Park, Jungsub Lee, Jong-Tae Heo, Gyeong Beom Lee, Hyun Hui Kim and Byoung-Ho Choi

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(9), 3226; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093226 - 06 May 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2665

Abstract

Currently, a scroll compressor is used in many industrial fields; hence, research on its reliability is important. The major loading type during operation is pressure. However, unexpected contact between scroll compressors typically occurs, and thus, the severe loading condition should be considered. To consider this condition, the study modified the scroll compressor’s structure to a C-type specimen. The study applied cyclic axial load in the specimen. The main objective of the study is to define a proper fatigue life method for the aluminium scroll compressor and proper finite element method (FEM) modeling. To define the method, the study included a case study for various parameters, such as mean stress effects. Furthermore, a crack propagation study is presented. In the study, the Darveaux method that considers the Bauschinger effect of ductile material is used. It is expected that the consideration of the parameters can help define the fatigue life assessment of an aluminium scroll compressor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture and Fatigue Assessments of Structural Components)

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13 pages, 1412 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Brittle Failure of Nanoscale Notched Silicon Cantilevers: A Finite Fracture Mechanics Approach

by Pasquale Gallo and Alberto Sapora

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(5), 1640; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051640 - 29 Feb 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2330

Abstract

The present paper focuses on the Finite Fracture Mechanics (FFM) approach and verifies its applicability at the nanoscale. After the presentation of the analytical frame, the approach is verified against experimental data already published in the literature related to in situ fracture tests of blunt V-notched nano-cantilevers made of single crystal silicon, and loaded under mode I. The results show that the apparent generalized stress intensity factors at failure (i.e., the apparent generalized fracture toughness) predicted by the FFM are in good agreement with those obtained experimentally, with a discrepancy varying between 0 and 5%. All the crack advancements are larger than the fracture process zone and therefore the breakdown of continuum-based linear elastic fracture mechanics is not yet reached. The method reveals to be an efficient and effective tool in assessing the brittle failure of notched components at the nanoscale. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture and Fatigue Assessments of Structural Components)

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13 pages, 8416 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Investigations on the Effects of Fatigue Crack in Urban Metro Welded Bogie Frame

by Wenjing Wang, Jinyi Bai, Shengchuan Wu, Jing Zheng and Pingyu Zhou

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(4), 1537; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10041537 - 24 Feb 2020

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3555

Abstract

The welded bogie frame is the critical safety part of the urban metro vehicle. This paper focuses on finding out the factors inducing the fatigue cracks initiated from the positioning block weld toe of metro bogie frame. Fracture morphology and metallographic analysis were conducted to identify the failure modes, and on-track tests about the dynamic stress at the positioning block weld toe and vibration acceleration were performed. The typical signals of dynamic stress and acceleration were analyzed from time and frequency domain. The relationship between wheel polygon, rail corrugation, running speed and dynamic stress in amplitude and frequency are investigated in details. Research results show that the micro cracks induced by welding at the weld toe of positioning block propagate to the spring sleeve under relatively high alternating dynamic stress, which is strongly influenced by the wheel polygon, rail corrugation and the train running speed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture and Fatigue Assessments of Structural Components)

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17 pages, 7000 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analytical Model of Wellbore Stability of Fractured Coal Seam Considering the Effect of Cleat Filler and Analysis of Influencing Factors

by Xinbo Zhao, Jianjun Wang and Yue Mei

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(3), 1169; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10031169 - 09 Feb 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2592

Abstract

Currently, coal borehole collapses frequently occur during drilling. Considering that the coal near to the wellbore is cut into blocks, and the cleat filler of the coal influences the stress distribution near the wellbore, a new theoretical solution of a near-wellbore Stress Field in coal bed wells is established. In addition, according to the limit equilibrium theory and the E.MG-C criterion, the limit sliding formula of the quadrilateral and triangular block is deduced, and the slipping direction of the blocks is further judged. Finally, the wellbore stability model of the coal seam is established. The accuracy of the theoretical model is verified through a numerical method by using the PFC software. Based upon this wellbore stability theoretical model of coal, many cleat affecting factors such as cleat spacing, cleat length, cleat angle and the cleat geometric position, are studied, and the results show that a quadrilateral block slides off more easily than a triangular block under the same boundary condition; the bigger the cleat spacing and cleat length are, the lower is the risk that blocks slide off, and increasing the cleat angle could cause blocks to slide off easily. Under the same boundary condition, whether blocks slide off or not is closely related to the well round angle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture and Fatigue Assessments of Structural Components)

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15 pages, 8959 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiscale Damage Evolution Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Based on Defect Visualization

by Yuquan Bao, Yali Yang, Hao Chen, Yongfang Li, Jie Shen and Shuwei Yang

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(23), 5251; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9235251 - 03 Dec 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2304

Abstract

The evaluation of fatigue life through the mechanism of fatigue damage accumulation is still a challenging task in engineering structure failure analysis. A multiscale fatigue damage evolution model was proposed for describing both the mesoscopic voids propagation in the mesoscopic-scale and fatigue damage evolution process, reflecting the progressive degradation of metal components in the macro-scale. An effective method of defect classification was used to implement 3D reconstruction technology based on the MCT (micro-computed tomography) scanning damage data with ABAQUS subroutine. The effectiveness was validated through the comparison with the experimental data of fatigue damage accumulation. Our results indicated that the multiscale fatigue damage evolution model built a bridge between mesoscopic damage and macroscopic fracture, which not only used the damage variable in the macro-scale to characterize the mesoscopic damage evolution indirectly but also understood macroscopic material degradation behavior from mesoscale with sufficient precision. Furthermore, the multiscale fatigue damage evolution model could offer a new reasonable explanation of the effect of load sequence on fatigue life, and also could predict the fatigue life based on damage data by nondestructive testing techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture and Fatigue Assessments of Structural Components)

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14 pages, 1763 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microscopic Multiple Fatigue Crack Simulation and Macroscopic Damage Evolution of Concrete Beam

by Baijian Wu, Zhaoxia Li, Keke Tang and Kang Wang

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(21), 4664; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214664 - 01 Nov 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3244

Abstract

Microcracks in concrete can coalesce into larger cracks that further propagate under repetitive load cycles. Complex process of crack formation and growth are essentially involved in the failure mechanism of concrete. Understanding the crack formation and propagation is one of the core issues in fatigue damage evaluation of concrete materials and components. In this regard, a numerical model was formulated to simulate the thorough failure process, ranging from microcracks growth, crack coalescence, macrocrack formation and propagation, to the final rupture. This model is applied to simulate the fatigue rupture of three-point bending concrete beams at different stress levels. Numerical results are qualitatively consistent with the experimental observations published in literature. Furthermore, in the framework of damage mechanics, one damage variable is defined to reflect stiffness reduction caused by fatigue loading. S-N curve is subsequently computed and the macroscopic damage evolution of concrete beams are achieved. By employing the combined approaches of fracture mechanics and damage mechanics, made possible is the damage evolution of concrete beam as well as the microscopic multiple fatigue crack simulation. The proposed approach has the potential to be applied to the fatigue life assessment of materials and components at various scales in engineering practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture and Fatigue Assessments of Structural Components)

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21 pages, 12074 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermal Fatigue Life Prediction of Thermal Barrier Coat on Nozzle Guide Vane via Master–Slave Model

by Peng Guan, Yanting Ai, Chengwei Fei and Yudong Yao

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(20), 4357; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204357 - 16 Oct 2019

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3360

Abstract

The aim of this paper was to develop a master–slave model with fluid-thermo-structure (FTS) interaction for the thermal fatigue life prediction of a thermal barrier coat (TBC) in a nozzle guide vane (NGV). The master–slave model integrates the phenomenological life model, multilinear kinematic hardening model, fully coupling thermal-elastic element model, and volume element intersection mapping algorithm to improve the prediction precision and efficiency of thermal fatigue life. The simulation results based on the developed model were validated by temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) technology. It was demonstrated that the predicted temperature well catered for the TSP tests with a maximum error of less than 6%, and the maximum thermal life of TBC was 1558 cycles around the trailing edge, which is consistent with the spallation life cycle of the ceramic top coat at 1323 K. With the increase of pre-oxidation time, the life of TBC declined from 1892 cycles to 895 cycles for the leading edge, and 1558 cycles to 536 cycles for the trailing edge. The predicted life of the key points at the leading edge was longer by 17.7–40.1% than the trailing edge. The developed master–slave model was validated to be feasible and accurate in the thermal fatigue life prediction of TBC on NGV. The efforts of this study provide a framework for the thermal fatigue life prediction of NGV with TBC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture and Fatigue Assessments of Structural Components)

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15 pages, 2891 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Monitoring of Fatigue Crack Propagation by Damage Index of Ultrasonic Guided Waves Calculated by Various Acoustic Features

by Hashen Jin, Jiajia Yan, Weibin Li and Xinlin Qing

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(20), 4254; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204254 - 11 Oct 2019

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2656

Abstract

Under cyclic and repetitive loads, fatigue cracks can be further propagated to a crucial level by accumulation, causing detrimental effects to structural integrity and potentially resulting in catastrophic consequences. Therefore, there is a demand to develop a reliable technique to monitor fatigue cracks quantitatively at an early stage. The objective of this paper is to characterize the propagation of fatigue cracks using the damage index (DI) calculated by various acoustic features of ultrasonic guided waves. A hybrid DI scheme for monitoring fatigue crack propagation is proposed using the linear fusion of damage indices (DIs) and differential fusion of DIs. An experiment is conducted on an SMA490BW steel plate-like structure to verify the proposed hybrid DIs scheme. The experimental results show that the hybrid DIs from various acoustic features can be used to quantitatively characterize the propagation of fatigue cracks, respectively. It is found that the fused DIs calculated by the acoustic features in the frequency domain have an improved reliable manner over those of the time domain. It is also clear that the linear and differential amplitude fusion DIs in the frequency domain are more promising to indicate the propagation of fatigue cracks quantitatively than other fused ones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture and Fatigue Assessments of Structural Components)

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10 pages, 1910 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Energy Concepts and Critical Plane for Fatigue Assessment of Ti-6Al-4V Notched Specimens

by Camilla Ronchei, Andrea Carpinteri and Sabrina Vantadori

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(10), 2163; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102163 - 27 May 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2349

Abstract

In the present paper, the fatigue life assessment of notched structural components is performed by applying a critical plane-based multiaxial fatigue criterion. Such a criterion is formulated by using the control volume concept related to the strain energy density criterion. The verification point is assumed to be at a given distance from the notch tip. Such a distance is taken as a function of the control volume radii around the notch tip under both Mode I and Mode III loading. The accuracy of the present criterion is evaluated through experimental data available in the literature, concerning titanium alloy notched specimens under uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue loading. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture and Fatigue Assessments of Structural Components)

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22 pages, 4733 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Peridynamic Modeling of Mode-I Delamination Growth in Double Cantilever Composite Beam Test: A Two-Dimensional Modeling Using Revised Energy-Based Failure Criteria

by Xiao-Wei Jiang, Shijun Guo, Hao Li and Hai Wang

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(4), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9040656 - 15 Feb 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4244

Abstract

This study presents a two-dimensional ordinary state-based peridynamic (OSB PD) modeling of mode-I delamination growth in a double cantilever composite beam (DCB) test using revised energy-based failure criteria. The two-dimensional OSB PD composite model for DCB modeling is obtained by reformulating the previous OSB PD lamina model in x–z direction. The revised energy-based failure criteria are derived following the approach of establishing the relationship between critical bond breakage work and energy release rate. Loading increment convergence analysis and grid spacing influence study are conducted to investigate the reliability of the present modeling. The peridynamic (PD) modeling load–displacement curve and delamination growth process are then quantitatively compared with experimental results obtained from standard tests of composite DCB samples, which show good agreement between the modeling results and experimental results. The PD modeling delamination growth process damage contours are also illustrated. Finally, the influence of the revised energy-based failure criteria is investigated. The results show that the revised energy-based failure criteria improve the accuracy of the PD delamination modeling of DCB test significantly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture and Fatigue Assessments of Structural Components)

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11 pages, 3511 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Energy-Based Approach for Fatigue Life Estimation of Welded Joints without Residual Stress through Thermal-Graphic Measurement

by Chengji Mi, Wentai Li, Xuewen Xiao and Filippo Berto

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(3), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9030397 - 24 Jan 2019

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2644

Abstract

The traditional methodologies for fatigue life assessment of welded joints strongly depend on geometries and surface characteristics, as well as time. In this paper, an energy-based approach, independent of structures though thermal-graphic measurement, was presented to predict life expectancy of welded joints, via limited number of tests. In order to eliminate the thermal elastic effect caused by the welding residual stress, annealing was first conducted on welded specimens. Both monotonic and cyclic tests for welded joints were implemented. Then, based on the thermal evolution of welded joints measured by the quantitative thermo-graphic method, an energy-based approach, taking the linear temperature evolution and the intrinsic dissipation into account, was employed on the fatigue life prediction of flat butt-welded joints. The estimated results showed good agreement with the experimental ones, and the energy tolerance to failure

E_{c}

for different stress amplitudes was found to be constant. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture and Fatigue Assessments of Structural Components)

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