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Applied Sciences
Special Issues
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conversion Systems
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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conversion Systems

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 July 2022) | Viewed by 13797

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Adrian Ioinovici

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. “One Thousand Experts Plan”, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
2. Faculty of Electric and Electronics Engineering, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon 5810201, Israel
Interests: energy conversion; power electronics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. António M. S. S. Andrade

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
Interests: DC-DC power converter; bidirectional converters; high step-up converter; renewable energy systems
Prof. Dr. Liangzong He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Power Electronics, Xiamen University, XIamen, China
Interests: wireless power transfer; DC-DC converters; multilevel inverters; fractional order; switched-capacitor converter; Z-source converter; high step-up converter
Dr. Reza Barzegarkhoo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Data Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia
Interests: electrical & electronics engineering; power electronics; power converters; renewable energy technologies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Evolving, innovative energy conversion systems are playing an increasingly critical role in the meeting of future energy needs and the transition from classical, pollutant energy sources towards a greener, smarter, and sustainable development.

Environmentally friendly energy sources like solar, wind, or fuel cells, used either as front end of the national grid or as power supplies to standalone loads provide a variable energy, which depends on natural factors. They have to be accompanied by converters or inverters able to regulate their delivered power.

Green cells impose tough requirements on the power electronic circuits which follow them. The energy conversion has to be accomplished with a high efficiency. A new era of developments of power electronics was opened to meet the demands due to the new sources of energy.

The aim of the present Special Issue is to attract original high-quality papers and review articles proposing advances in sustainable energy conversion systems. Major topics include, but are not limited to:

  • DC-DC converters supplied by green sources of energy
  • Switched-capacitor converters for renewable energy
  • DC-AC inverters supplied by environmentally friendly sources of energy
  • Switched-capacitor inverters and AC-AC regulators for renewable energy cells and high frequency distribution line application
  • Soft-switching for high switching frequency operation
  • Smart grid supplied by renewable power sources
  • Energy harvesting for smart applications
  • Wireless power transfer for distributed energy systems
  • Transformerless grid-tied micro inverters supplied by the renewable power sources
  • Common-grounded DC-AC inverters with the single-stage static and/or dynamic voltage boosting gain suitable for renewable energy applications
  • New energy electric vehicle technology
  • Stability analysis for distributed new energy systems
  • Control technology of power quality and stability based on switched-capacitor gene for distributed new energy systems
  • Power converter reliability, power density, and costs for renewable energy systems

Prof. Dr. Adrian Ioinovici
Prof. Dr. António M. S. S. Andrade
Prof. Dr. Liangzong He
Dr. Reza Barzegarkhoo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 156 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conversion Systems”
by Adrian Ioinovici
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(8), 3905; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12083905 - 13 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 989
Abstract
In the current quest for new energy sources, green, environmentally friendly energy has taken a preponderant role [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conversion Systems)

Research

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20 pages, 9994 KiB  
Article
A Methodology for Exploiting Smart Prosumers’ Flexibility in a Bottom-Up Aggregation Process
by Diego Arnone, Michele Cacioppo, Mariano Giuseppe Ippolito, Marzia Mammina, Liliana Mineo, Rossano Musca and Gaetano Zizzo
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010430 - 3 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1470
Abstract
The electrical power system is evolving in a way that requires new measures for ensuring its secure and reliable operation. Demand-side aggregation represents one of the more interesting ways to provide ancillary services by the coordinated management of a multitude of different distributed [...] Read more.
The electrical power system is evolving in a way that requires new measures for ensuring its secure and reliable operation. Demand-side aggregation represents one of the more interesting ways to provide ancillary services by the coordinated management of a multitude of different distributed resources. In this framework, aggregators play the main role in ensuring the effectiveness of the coordinated action of the distributed resources, usually becoming mediators in the relation between distribution system operators and smart prosumers. The research project DEMAND recently introduced a new concept in demand-side aggregation by proposing a scheme without a central aggregator where prosumers can share and combine their flexibility with a collaboration–competition mechanism in a platform called Virtual Aggregation Environment (VAE). This paper, after a brief introduction to the DEMAND project, presents the algorithm for the day-ahead estimation of prosumers’ flexibility and the cooperative–competitive algorithm for the bottom-up aggregation. The first algorithm evaluates various couples of power variation and desired remuneration to be sent to the VAE for further elaborations and, for showing its potentiality, is applied to two different case studies: a passive user with only controllable loads and prosumers with controllable loads, photovoltaics and a storage system. The aggregation algorithm is instead discussed in detail, and its performance is evaluated for different population sizes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conversion Systems)
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14 pages, 13092 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Self-Driven Profiler with Buoyancy Adjusting System towards Ocean Thermal Energy
by Qingchao Xia, Gul Muhammad, Bingzhe Chen, Feng Zhang, Zhifeng Zhang, Sheng Zhang and Canjun Yang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(15), 7086; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11157086 - 31 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2034
Abstract
An underwater profiler is one of the popular platforms for ocean observation. Due to energy limitations, conventional underwater vehicles have a short life span, which cannot meet the needs of long-term ocean exploration. Therefore, there is a growing interest in using ocean energy [...] Read more.
An underwater profiler is one of the popular platforms for ocean observation. Due to energy limitations, conventional underwater vehicles have a short life span, which cannot meet the needs of long-term ocean exploration. Therefore, there is a growing interest in using ocean energy such as ocean thermal energy and wave energy for driving. This study aimed to investigate an energy-saving and ocean thermal energy (OTE)-powered buoyancy driving system of the ocean profiler. The purpose of this study was to explore an ocean profiler buoyancy driving system powered by ocean thermal energy (OTE). According to the seawater profile temperature gradient, an OTE-powered electro-hydraulic control system was designed, and the dynamic characteristics of this system are simulated and analyzed by using the power bonding diagram method. Based on the results conducted from lake tests, this profiler possesses the self-driving capability for using OTE perfectly. This research can provide important guidance for the design of the buoyancy drive system of underwater vehicles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conversion Systems)
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17 pages, 2744 KiB  
Article
AC Microgrids Protection: A Digital Coordinated Adaptive Scheme
by Noor Hussain, Yousef Khayat, Saeed Golestan, Mashood Nasir, Juan C. Vasquez, Josep M. Guerrero and Kimmo Kauhaniemi
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(15), 7066; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11157066 - 30 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2006
Abstract
A significant challenge for designing a coordinated and effective protection architecture of a microgrid (MG) is the aim of an efficient, reliable, and fast protection scheme for both the grid-connected and islanded modes of operation. To this end, bidirectional power flow, varying short-circuit [...] Read more.
A significant challenge for designing a coordinated and effective protection architecture of a microgrid (MG) is the aim of an efficient, reliable, and fast protection scheme for both the grid-connected and islanded modes of operation. To this end, bidirectional power flow, varying short-circuit power, low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability, and the plug-and-play characteristics of distributed generation units (DGUs), which are key issues in a MG system must be considered; otherwise, a mal-operation of protection devices (PDs) may occur. In this sense, a conventional protection system with a single threshold/setting may not be able to fully protect an MG system. To tackle this challenge, this work presents a comprehensive coordinated adaptive protection scheme for AC MGs that can tune their protection setting according to the system states and the operation mode, and is able to switch the PDs’ setting. In the first step of the proposed adaptive algorithm, an offline setting will be adopted for selective and sensitive fault detection, isolation, and coordination among proposed protective modules. As any change in the system is detected by the proposed algorithm in the online step, a new set of setting for proposed modules will be performed to adapt the settings accordingly. In this way, a new set of settings are adapted to maintain a fast and reliable operation, which covers selective, sensitive, and adaptive requirements. The pickup current (Ip) and time multiple settings (TMS) of directional over-current relays (DOCR), as well as coordinated time delays for the proposed protection scheme for both of the grid-connected and islanded modes of operation, are calculated offline. Then, an online adaptive protection scheme is proposed to detect different fault types in different locations. The simulation results show that the proposed method provides a coordinated reliable solution, which can detect and isolate fault conditions in a fast, selective and coordinated adaptive pattern. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conversion Systems)
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14 pages, 7062 KiB  
Article
Improved Modulation Strategy Based on Minimum Energy Storage Principle for Electrolytic-Capacitor-Less Six-Switch Converter
by Qingyang Tan and Liangzong He
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(13), 5901; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11135901 - 25 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1506
Abstract
An improved modulation strategy based on minimum energy storage for DC-link capacitance reduction in a six-switch AC-AC converter is proposed. The proposed modulation strategy enables the energy on the capacitor to accumulate and release twice each in a complete switching cycle, achieving the [...] Read more.
An improved modulation strategy based on minimum energy storage for DC-link capacitance reduction in a six-switch AC-AC converter is proposed. The proposed modulation strategy enables the energy on the capacitor to accumulate and release twice each in a complete switching cycle, achieving the effect of “fast charging and discharging”. Meanwhile, the inversion and rectification are modulated synchronously. Hence, there is minimum energy stored in the DC-link capacitor. Then, the time average modeling analysis is presented to take insight analysis. When there is the same voltage ripples constraint on the DC side for the conventional and improved modulation strategies, the six-switch converter under the improved modulation strategy has the much less capacitance value of the storage capacitor and even realizes non-electrolytic capacitance. Therefore, improving the system efficiency, power density, and output waveform quality and extending the system life can be achieved. The operation principle and modulation strategy are discussed in detail. Finally, the simulation model and experimental prototype are built to verify effectiveness of the topology and correctness of the proposed six-switch AC-AC converter modulation strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conversion Systems)
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14 pages, 38343 KiB  
Article
A Novel Cascaded Modular Photovoltaic Energy Storage System for Partial Shading Conditions
by Yuanliang Fan, Luebin Fang, Han Wu, Bingqian Liu, Jianye Huang, Shuang Lin, Zhenhao Wang and Yu Wang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5552; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125552 - 15 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1614
Abstract
To satisfy the grid-connected voltage level, both photovoltaic modules and energy storage modules are connected in series. However, the multiple photovoltaic modules often fall into local maximum power point under partial shading conditions during practical operation, and the multiple energy storage modules may [...] Read more.
To satisfy the grid-connected voltage level, both photovoltaic modules and energy storage modules are connected in series. However, the multiple photovoltaic modules often fall into local maximum power point under partial shading conditions during practical operation, and the multiple energy storage modules may suffer from a reduction in the effective capacity caused by characteristic differences among modules. To solve this problem, a novel cascaded modular photovoltaic-energy storage system is proposed in this paper. In the proposed topology, the energy storage modules achieve maximum power point tracking of the corresponding distributed photovoltaic module, and the proposed energy optimization strategy based on particle swarm optimization can ensure the efficient constant active power transmission from a photovoltaic energy storage (PV/ES) system to the grid in a certain time period under capacity constraints. Compared with conventional photovoltaic systems, the proposed scheme can avoid hot spots or the hot strings phenomena for PV modules and the large current and voltage stresses for DC/DC converters. Furthermore, the proposed energy optimization strategy for the coordination of all ES modules can realize the independent MPPT of each PV module and the constant active power between the PV/ES system and the grid under inconsistency of the light intensity under partial shading conditions. A hardware-in-loop photovoltaic-energy platform is established to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed topology and control strategy, and the proposed system achieves efficiency of about 97% under partial shading conditions, thus providing an effective and practical solution for power generation system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conversion Systems)
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Review

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14 pages, 1396 KiB  
Review
Review of Contactless Energy Transfer Concept Applied to Inductive Power Transfer Systems in Electric Vehicles
by Adel Razek
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(7), 3221; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11073221 - 3 Apr 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2884
Abstract
Nowadays the groundbreaking tools of contactless energy transfer reveals new opportunities to supply portable devices with electrical energy by eliminating cables and connectors. One of the important applications of such technology is the energy providing to electric and hybrid vehicles, (EV) and (HEV). [...] Read more.
Nowadays the groundbreaking tools of contactless energy transfer reveals new opportunities to supply portable devices with electrical energy by eliminating cables and connectors. One of the important applications of such technology is the energy providing to electric and hybrid vehicles, (EV) and (HEV). These contribute to the use of cleaner energy to protect our environment. In the present paper, after exposing the contactless energy transfer (CET) available systems, we examine the appropriateness of these systems for EV. After such exploration, it is shown that the most suitable solution is the inductive power transfer (IPT) issue. We analyze such procedure in general and indicate its main usages. Next, we consider the practice of IPT in EV and the different option in the energy managing in EV and HEV concerning battery charging. Following, we review the modes of using the IPT in immobile case and in on-road running. Following, the modeling issues for the IPT system escorting the vehicle structure are then exposed. Lastly, the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and human exposure analyses are assessed involving typical appliance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conversion Systems)
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