Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
5.5
4.8
Journals
Antibiotics
Special Issues
Featured Reviews in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antibiotics
share announcement

Featured Reviews in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antibiotics

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Drugs".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 11418

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Piera Ceschi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Prevention, South Tyrolean Healthcare Service, Bressanone, Italy
Interests: veterinary and public health; biosecurity; AMR; veterinary pharmacosurveillance and pharmacovigilance; healthcare management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Leonardo Pagani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Infectious Diseases Unit Room 4.607 Bolzano - Central Hospital Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
Interests: antimicrobial stewardship; AMR; One Health; clinical pharmacology of antimicrobials; patient safety
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,  

The appropriate prescription of antibiotics relies on a thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) principles.  

When antibiotics are chosen optimally according to these principles, it is possible to achieve a tangible improvement in clinical outcomes and to minimize potential adverse effects. Moreover, the rational use of antibiotics is a cornerstone to reduce the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).  

Contributors are kindly invited to submit reviews including on PK/PD principles, clinical application of PK/PD in patient populations with altered drug disposition, as well as PK/PD analysis and modelling.

Dr. Piera Ceschi
Dr. Leonardo Pagani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pharmacokinetics
  • pharmacodynamics
  • clinical outcome
  • antimicrobial resistance

Published Papers (4 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Review

Jump to: Other

24 pages, 2506 KiB  
Review
Translational PK/PD for the Development of Novel Antibiotics—A Drug Developer’s Perspective
by Caterina Bissantz, Claudia Zampaloni, Pascale David-Pierson, Guennaelle Dieppois, Andreas Guenther, Andrej Trauner, Lotte Winther and William Stubbings
Antibiotics 2024, 13(1), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13010072 - 11 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1639
Abstract
Antibiotic development traditionally involved large Phase 3 programs, preceded by Phase 2 studies. Recognizing the high unmet medical need for new antibiotics and, in some cases, challenges to conducting large clinical trials, regulators created a streamlined clinical development pathway in which a lean [...] Read more.
Antibiotic development traditionally involved large Phase 3 programs, preceded by Phase 2 studies. Recognizing the high unmet medical need for new antibiotics and, in some cases, challenges to conducting large clinical trials, regulators created a streamlined clinical development pathway in which a lean clinical efficacy dataset is complemented by nonclinical data as supportive evidence of efficacy. In this context, translational Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) plays a key role and is a major contributor to a “robust” nonclinical package. The classical PK/PD index approach, proven successful for established classes of antibiotics, is at the core of recent antibiotic approvals and the current antibacterial PK/PD guidelines by regulators. Nevertheless, in the case of novel antibiotics with a novel Mechanism of Action (MoA), there is no prior experience with the PK/PD index approach as the basis for translating nonclinical efficacy to clinical outcome, and additional nonclinical studies and PK/PD analyses might be considered to increase confidence. In this review, we discuss the value and limitations of the classical PK/PD approach and present potential risk mitigation activities, including the introduction of a semi-mechanism-based PK/PD modeling approach. We propose a general nonclinical PK/PD package from which drug developers might choose the studies most relevant for each individual candidate in order to build up a “robust” nonclinical PK/PD understanding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Featured Reviews in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antibiotics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 525 KiB  
Review
Does Nitrofurantoin Improve the Portfolio of Vets against Resistant Bacteria in Companion Animals?
by Cristina Vercelli, Michela Amadori, Graziana Gambino and Giovanni Re
Antibiotics 2023, 12(5), 911; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050911 - 15 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1582
Abstract
In clinical practice in dogs and cats, antimicrobials are frequently used, sometimes overused or misused, increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In order to limit the phenomenon, laws have been enacted and guidelines for prudent and rational use of antibiotics have been developed. Interestingly, old [...] Read more.
In clinical practice in dogs and cats, antimicrobials are frequently used, sometimes overused or misused, increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In order to limit the phenomenon, laws have been enacted and guidelines for prudent and rational use of antibiotics have been developed. Interestingly, old molecules such as nitrofurantoin could be used to achieve therapeutic success and overcome AMR. To better understand the suitability of this molecule in veterinary medicine, the authors performed a revision of the literature, searching on PubMed and entering the following keywords: nitrofurantoin, veterinary medicine, dog, and cat connected by the Boolean operator “and”, without restrictions on the date of publication. Thirty papers were finally selected. It is possible to appreciate that papers dealing with nitrofurantoin have been written from the early 1960s to the middle of the 1970s, and then a long period passed without publications. Only at the beginning of the new century, nitrofurantoin was included or was sometimes the focus of papers dealing with its efficacy in veterinary medicine, mainly in the treatment of urinary tract infections. One recent paper dealt with pharmacokinetic features, and none was dedicated to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration or modeling. Nitrofurantoin appears to be still effective against several pathogens that rarely develop resistance to this molecule. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Featured Reviews in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antibiotics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 450 KiB  
Review
The Use of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine, a Complex Phenomenon: A Narrative Review
by Alice Caneschi, Anisa Bardhi, Andrea Barbarossa and Anna Zaghini
Antibiotics 2023, 12(3), 487; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030487 - 1 Mar 2023
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5574
Abstract
As warned by Sir Alexander Fleming in his Nobel Prize address: “the use of antimicrobials can, and will, lead to resistance”. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently increased due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, and their use in animals (food-producing and [...] Read more.
As warned by Sir Alexander Fleming in his Nobel Prize address: “the use of antimicrobials can, and will, lead to resistance”. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently increased due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, and their use in animals (food-producing and companion) has also resulted in the selection and transmission of resistant bacteria. The epidemiology of resistance is complex, and factors other than the overall quantity of antibiotics consumed may influence it. Nowadays, AMR has a serious impact on society, both economically and in terms of healthcare. This narrative review aimed to provide a scenario of the state of the AMR phenomenon in veterinary medicine related to the use of antibiotics in different animal species; the impact that it can have on animals, as well as humans and the environment, was considered. Providing some particular instances, the authors tried to explain the vastness of the phenomenon of AMR in veterinary medicine due to many and diverse aspects that cannot always be controlled. The veterinarian is the main reference point here and has a high responsibility towards the human–animal–environment triad. Sharing such a burden with human medicine and cooperating together for the same purpose (fighting and containing AMR) represents an effective example of the application of the One Health approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Featured Reviews in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antibiotics)

Other

Jump to: Review

16 pages, 1417 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Systematic Review on the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Cephalexin in Healthy and Diseased Populations
by Mohammed Kanan, Shahd Atif, Faisal Mohammed, Yara Balahmar, Yasir Adawi, Revan AlSaleem, Ahmed Farhan, Manayer Alghoribi, Saud Mohammed, Raghad Alshanbari, Malak Fahad, Rana Kallab, Reem Mohammed, Dimah Alassaf and Ashwag Hazza
Antibiotics 2023, 12(9), 1402; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12091402 - 3 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1948
Abstract
Cephalexin is a first-generation β-lactam antibiotic used in adults and pediatrics to treat various streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. This review aims to summarize and evaluate all the pharmacokinetic (PK) data on cephalexin by screening out all pertinent studies in human beings following the [...] Read more.
Cephalexin is a first-generation β-lactam antibiotic used in adults and pediatrics to treat various streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. This review aims to summarize and evaluate all the pharmacokinetic (PK) data on cephalexin by screening out all pertinent studies in human beings following the per oral (PO) route. By employing different online search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Science Direct, 23 studies were retrieved, among which nine were in healthy subjects, five in diseased ones, and the remaining were drug–drug, drug–food, and bioequivalence-related. These studies were included only based on the presence of plasma concentration-time profiles or PK parameters, i.e., maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), half-life (t1/2) area under the curve from time 0-infinity (AUC0–∞), and clearance (CL/F). A dose-proportional increase in AUC0–∞ and Cmax can be portrayed in different studies conducted in the healthy population. In comparison to cefaclor, Cmax was recorded to be 0.5 folds higher for cephalexin in the case of renal impairment. An increase in AUC0–∞ was seen in cephalexin on administration with probenecid, i.e., 117 µg.h/mL vs. 68.1 µg.h/mL. Moreover, drug–drug interactions with omeprazole, ranitidine, zinc sulfate, and drug–food interactions for cephalexin and other cephalosporins have also been depicted in different studies with significant changes in all PK parameters. This current review has reported all accessible studies containing PK variables in healthy and diseased populations (renal, dental, and osteoarticular infections, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) that may be favorable for health practitioners in optimizing doses among the latter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Featured Reviews in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antibiotics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-4
Back to TopTop