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Agronomy
Special Issues
Advances in Plant–Fungal Pathogen Interactions
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Advances in Plant–Fungal Pathogen Interactions

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Pest and Disease Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 6878

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Adrian Wiater

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
Interests: biopolymers; polysaccharides with biological activity; prebiotics; oligosaccharides
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Kamila Wlizło

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
Interests: extracellular and wall fungal polysaccharides; the effect of micropollutants on the environment; bioremediation of wastewater
Dr. Artur Nowak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
Interests: biochemical and microbial soil activity; soil filamentous fungi and their metabolites; extracellular and wall fungal polymers; stimulation of plant resistance with fungal elicitors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite contributions to this Special Issue of the journal Agronomy, entitled “Advances in Plant–Fungal Pathogen Interactions”, which aims to present recent developments in the field of plant protection against fungal phytopathogens.

Phytopathogenic fungi such as Fusarium spp. and Botrytis spp. pose a threat to many crops, both agricultural and horticultural. Protecting crops from the negative effects of phytopathogens is one of the current objectives of sustainable agriculture and a principle of the European Green Deal Directive. As a result of this regulation, researchers are now attempting to develop new methods of controlling crop-damaging diseases. One of the key aspects of this research is the careful study of interactions between fungi and plants. These interactions occur on the molecular level through the production of different types of substances by both fungi and plants. These include low-molecular substances (phytohormones, signaling substances, mycotoxins, siderophores, sugar oligomers), proteins (lytic enzymes, CWDE, peptide inhibitors), and sugar polymers (cell wall fragments, extracellular polysaccharides). However, each of these factors affects both the plants, by stimulating plant resistance pathways, and the fungi, by enhancing their potential to cause pathogenic symptoms. Each of these elements constitutes one piece of the puzzle of plant–phytopathogen interactions. Knowledge of the exact mechanisms of these interactions will aid in the development of modern methods for the control of fungal diseases in agricultural fields. Therefore, it is necessary to improve our current knowledge of this topic.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Adrian Wiater
Guest Editor

Dr. Kamila Wlizło
Dr. Artur Nowak
Guest Editor Assistants

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • elicitors
  • polysaccharides
  • oligosaccharides
  • plant resistance markers
  • CWDE
  • exopolymeric substances
  • plant–phytopathogen interactions
  • phytopathogenic fungi

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 4934 KiB  
Article
Characterisation of Wild Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Legumes and Their Biocontrol Potential against Fusarium spp.
by Miloslava Kavková, Olga Bazalová, Jaromír Cihlář, Andrea Bohatá, Jana Lencová and Petr Konvalina
Agronomy 2023, 13(12), 2911; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13122911 - 27 Nov 2023
Viewed by 905
Abstract
Legumes are indispensable crops in sustainable agricultural systems because of their capability for biological nitrogen fixation owing to symbiosis with rhizobia and soil fertility restoration. Fungal pathogens from the genera Fusarium cause rotting and wilting and produce mycotoxins in plant tissues. The use [...] Read more.
Legumes are indispensable crops in sustainable agricultural systems because of their capability for biological nitrogen fixation owing to symbiosis with rhizobia and soil fertility restoration. Fungal pathogens from the genera Fusarium cause rotting and wilting and produce mycotoxins in plant tissues. The use of fungicides in sustainable agricultural systems is limited; therefore, the application of biological agents with antifungal activity against Fusarium spp. is desirable. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are promising control agents that produce a wide spectrum of functional metabolites. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and other lactobacilli are the most intensively studied genera of LAB in relation to antifungal activity against Fusarium spp. However, LAB strains belonging to the lactobacilli and lactococci genera have not yet been isolated and characterised from legumes. Therefore, we aimed to obtain wild strains of LAB from legumes, screen them for functional characteristics with respect to their antifungal activity, and compare their antifungal activity against isolates of Fusarium spp. from legumes. Consequently, 31 LAB isolates belonging to 10 species were obtained and identified from legumes. Their functional properties, including genetics and proteomics, short-chain organic acid production, and antifungal activity against five Fusarium spp., of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, and Lactiplantibacillus pentosus isolates, were studied. Cell-free supernatants of L. plantarum and L. pentosus showed significant suppression of mycelial growth and conidial germination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plant–Fungal Pathogen Interactions)
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11 pages, 1325 KiB  
Article
Genetic Variation in Turkish Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties for Resistance to Common Bunt
by Mehmet Tekin
Agronomy 2023, 13(10), 2491; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13102491 - 27 Sep 2023
Viewed by 746
Abstract
Common bunt, caused by Tilletia laevis and T. caries, is one of the major wheat diseases in Türkiye and in many countries in the world. To control this disease, chemical seed treatment is commonly used; however, it may cause harm to human [...] Read more.
Common bunt, caused by Tilletia laevis and T. caries, is one of the major wheat diseases in Türkiye and in many countries in the world. To control this disease, chemical seed treatment is commonly used; however, it may cause harm to human and environmental health. Therefore, genetic resistance to control common bunt in an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable manner is the best choice. This study was conducted to determine the reactions of 102 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties with regard to their resistance to common bunt in field conditions over three consecutive years. Additionally, these varieties were molecularly screened with linked markers to Bt8, Bt9, Bt10, and Bt11. The infection rates ranged from 3.17 to 91.49%, 5.41 to 91.41%, 5.29 to 94.06%, and 6.85 to 90.30% in the growing seasons 2019–2020, 2020–2021, and 2021–2022 and overall, respectively. In molecular screening, Bt8 was detected in 2 of the varieties, Bt10 in 10 of them, and Bt11 in 15 of them. There was no variety carrying only Bt9. However, many gene combinations, such as Bt8 + Bt9, Bt8 + Bt11, Bt9 + Bt10, Bt9 + Bt11, Bt8 + Bt9 + Bt10, and Bt8 + Bt9 + Bt11, were determined. The varieties with a gene combination of Bt8 + Bt9 + Bt11 had the lowest infection rates. As a result, 65.68% of the varieties were very susceptible. Only 3.92% of them had moderately resistant reaction. These varieties could be used in breeding programs conducted for resistance to common bunt. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plant–Fungal Pathogen Interactions)
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19 pages, 14107 KiB  
Article
A Biocontrol Strain of Serratia plymuthica MM Promotes Growth and Controls Fusarium Wilt in Watermelon
by Zhaoyu Li, Jinxiu Ma, Jiajia Li, Yinglong Chen, Zhihong Xie, Yongqiang Tian, Xu Su, Tian Tian and Tong Shen
Agronomy 2023, 13(9), 2437; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092437 - 21 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1195
Abstract
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), is a predominant and devastating soil-borne disease that results in significant yield losses in watermelon cultivation. In this study, a strain MM isolated from the herbage rhizosphere soil, exhibited an inhibition rate of [...] Read more.
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), is a predominant and devastating soil-borne disease that results in significant yield losses in watermelon cultivation. In this study, a strain MM isolated from the herbage rhizosphere soil, exhibited an inhibition rate of 65.46% against FON, leading to mycelial collapse, atrophy, and deformation. In pot experiments, strain MM effectively controlled Fusarium wilt of watermelon, showing a control efficacy of 74.07%. Through morphological observation and 16S rDNA gene sequencing, strain MM was identified as Serratia plymuthica. Additionally, S. plymuthica MM demonstrated antagonistic activity against eight plant pathogens, indicating that MM had broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The strain also exhibited the ability to synthesize siderophores and indole acetic acid (IAA), both of which are growth-promoting compounds. Moreover, strain MM secreted various extracellular enzymes, including protease, chitinase, β-glucanase, and cellulase. This ability allowed S. plymuthica MM to readily colonize watermelon roots and promote seedling growth. Inoculation with S. plymuthica MM increased the activity of PAL, POD, PPO, and CAT enzymes associated with watermelon defense. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis revealed up-regulation of LOX, POD, PAL, ClPR3, and C4H genes, which are related to plant disease resistance. The results indicated that S. plymuthica MM enhances watermelon plants’ resistance to FON by activating the JA, SA, and shikimic acid phenylpropanoid–lignin synthesis pathways. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of S. plymuthica MM culture supernatant identified piperazinedione, pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, and octadecenamide as the main antimicrobial substances. Overall, S. plymuthica MM shows promise as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium wilt of watermelon, suggesting its potential for the development of a new biocontrol agent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plant–Fungal Pathogen Interactions)
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9 pages, 309 KiB  
Article
Viability of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Oil Suspensions and Their Effectiveness against the Agave Pest Scyphophorus acupunctatus under Laboratory Conditions
by Teodulfo Aquino-Bolaños, Yolanda Donají Ortiz-Hernández, Angélica Bautista-Cruz and Marco Aurelio Acevedo-Ortiz
Agronomy 2023, 13(6), 1468; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061468 - 25 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1203
Abstract
Oaxaca, Mexico, is home to over 30 species of the genus Agave, and its cultivation is of great economic and social importance for the mezcal industry, which depends on its production. The incidence of the pest Scyphophorus acupunctatus causes severe losses and [...] Read more.
Oaxaca, Mexico, is home to over 30 species of the genus Agave, and its cultivation is of great economic and social importance for the mezcal industry, which depends on its production. The incidence of the pest Scyphophorus acupunctatus causes severe losses and damage. Agrochemicals are used for its control, but a viable alternative is microbial control. The objectives of this study were to determine the natural occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, isolated from S. acupunctatus in agave crops, and to evaluate the effect of vegetable oil in water emulsions containing conidia from the native fungi against adults of S. acupunctatus under laboratory conditions. Viability of the fungal isolates was determined at a concentration of ×108 conidia/mL in avocado (Persea americana), mamey (Mammea americana), chia (Salvia hispanica), or olive (Olea europaea) oil in water emulsions at two concentrations, 20% and 40%. The most effective oil emulsion on S. acupunctatus adults was determined under laboratory conditions. Naturally occurring fungi in 900 field collected insects was 2.21%. Ninety-six hours after preparing a 20% emulsion in P. americana oil, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae had a viability of 75% and 66.5%, respectively, while the control conidia suspended in distilled water remained viable for only 48 h. Twenty-four hours after applying M. anisopliae conidia in a 40% P. americana oil emulsion, effectiveness was 100% on S. acupunctatus, followed by M. anisopliae in 20% P. americana oil emulsion with 75% effectiveness. At 72 h post-application, all fungus in oil emulsions achieved an accumulated insect mortality of 100%, while the control showed no effect on adult S. acupunctatus. The most promising combination was 40% P. americana oil emulsion, which achieved 50% viable B. bassiana or M. anisopliae conidia up to 96 h after preparation, and its accumulated effectiveness on S. acupunctatus adults was 87.5% after 24 h. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plant–Fungal Pathogen Interactions)
17 pages, 7449 KiB  
Article
Potential Impacts of Clove Essential Oil Nanoemulsion as Bio Fungicides against Neoscytalidium Blight Disease of Carum carvi L.
by Amr H. Hashem, Amer M. Abdelaziz, Mahmoud M. H. Hassanin, Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar, Hamada AbdElgawad and Mohamed S. Attia
Agronomy 2023, 13(4), 1114; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13041114 - 14 Apr 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2161
Abstract
Fungal plant diseases are considered one of the most destructive diseases for plants. In this current study, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum as a fungal plant pathogen was isolated from an infected Carum carvi L. plant (C. carvi) for the first time and controlled [...] Read more.
Fungal plant diseases are considered one of the most destructive diseases for plants. In this current study, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum as a fungal plant pathogen was isolated from an infected Carum carvi L. plant (C. carvi) for the first time and controlled it using clove essential oil nanoemulsion (CEONE). This fungal plant pathogen was identified morphologically and genetically, then deposited in the gene bank under accession number OQ338188. CEONE was prepared and characterized using DLS, Zeta potential, and TEM analysis. The characterization results illustrated that the size of CEONE was lower than 100 nm, which was confirmed by TEM, which appeared spherical in shape. Results revealed that CEONE has promising antifungal activity towards N. dimidiatum, where inhibition percentages of CEONE at concentrations of 5000, 3000, and 1000 ppm were 82.2%, 53.3%, and 25.5%, respectively. At the pot level, N. dimidiatum was highly virulent on C. carvi, and CEONE and CEO were highly effective against N. dimidiatum blight disease, with 71.42% and 57.14% protection, respectively. Moreover, results revealed that there was a vast improvement in root length, plant height, and leaves. Additionally, the application of CEONE and CEO induced plant resistance by modifying proline, phenol, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, N. dimidiatum was highly virulent on C. carvi but can be effectively reduced by CEONE through the eco-friendly method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plant–Fungal Pathogen Interactions)
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