Journal Description
Coatings
Coatings
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on coatings and surface engineering published monthly online by MDPI. The Korean Tribology Society (KTS) is affiliated with Coatings and its members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Materials Science, Coatings & Films) / CiteScore - Q2 (Surfaces and Interfaces)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 13.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.8 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Sections: published in 14 topical sections.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Coatings.
Impact Factor:
3.4 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.4 (2022)
Latest Articles
Theoretical Study of the Competition Mechanism of Alloying Elements in L12-(Nix1Crx2Cox3)3Al Precipitates
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050536 (registering DOI) - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
The impact of variations in the content of single alloying element on the properties of alloy materials has been extensively discussed, but the influence of this change on the content of multiple alloying elements in the alloy materials has been disregarded, as the
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The impact of variations in the content of single alloying element on the properties of alloy materials has been extensively discussed, but the influence of this change on the content of multiple alloying elements in the alloy materials has been disregarded, as the performances of alloy materials should be determined by the collective influence of multiple alloying elements. To address the aforementioned issue, the present study conducted a comprehensive investigation into the impact of variations in the content of alloying elements, namely Ni, Cr, and Co, on the structural and mechanical properties of L12-(Nix1Crx2Cox3)3Al precipitates using the high-throughput first-principles calculations and the partial least squares (PLS) regression, and the competitive mechanism among these three elements was elucidated. The findings demonstrate that the same alloying element may exhibit opposite effects in both single element analysis and comprehensive multi-element analysis, for example, the effect of Ni element on elastic constant C11, and the influence of Cr element on Vickers hardness and yield strength. The reason for this is that the impact of the content of other two alloying elements is ignored in the single element analysis. Meanwhile, the Co element demonstrates a significant competitive advantage in the comparative analysis of three alloying elements for different physical properties. Therefore, the methodology proposed in this study will facilitate the elucidation of competition mechanisms among different alloy elements and offer a more robust guidance for experimental preparation.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Alloys)
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Open AccessArticle
Intelligent Space Thermal Control Radiator Based on Phase Change Material with Partial Visible Transparency
by
Xianghao Kong, Hezhi Sun, Shiri Liang, Zao Yi, Naiting Gu and Yougen Yi
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 535; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050535 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
Coating structures with dynamically adjustable infrared emissivity are crucial in spacecraft components to cope with the transient thermal environments of space. For a long time, thermochromic phase change materials have been widely used in applications requiring emissivity adjustment, and optimizing the range of
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Coating structures with dynamically adjustable infrared emissivity are crucial in spacecraft components to cope with the transient thermal environments of space. For a long time, thermochromic phase change materials have been widely used in applications requiring emissivity adjustment, and optimizing the range of adjustable infrared emissivity has always been at the forefront of research. However, reducing the absorption of solar radiation has significant implications for the practical application and thermal stability of spacecraft components in space environments. In this paper, we propose a multilayer film structure based on the phase change material VO2 combined with the materials ZnSe and ITO to achieve low solar radiation absorption and adjustable infrared emissivity for intelligent thermal radiators in space. Through finite element simulation analysis of the structure, we achieve a solar radiation absorption rate of 0.3 and an adjustable infrared emissivity of 0.49. According to Stefan–Boltzmann’s law, the structure exhibits strong radiative heat dissipation at high temperatures and weak energy dissipation at low temperatures to maintain the thermal stability of the device and ensure efficient operation. The intelligent thermal radiator operates based on the principles of Fabry–Perot resonance. Therefore, the multilayer structure based on the phase change material VO2 demonstrates excellent performance in both solar radiation absorption and adjustable infrared emissivity, showcasing its tremendous potential in the field of intelligent thermal control in aerospace.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-Nano Optics and Its Applications)
Open AccessArticle
Sustainable and Cost-Efficient Production of Micro-Patterned Reduced Graphene Oxide on Graphene Oxide Films
by
Satam Alotibi, Talal F. Qahtan, Amani M. Alansi, Taoreed O. Owolabi, Salah T. Hameed, Naveed Afzal, Sadia Bilal and Dina Salah
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 534; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050534 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study tackles the critical demand for sustainable synthesis methods of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), highlighting the environmental drawbacks of conventional chemical processes. We introduce a novel, green synthesis technique involving the irradiation of a 500 eV argon ion beam, which not only
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This study tackles the critical demand for sustainable synthesis methods of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), highlighting the environmental drawbacks of conventional chemical processes. We introduce a novel, green synthesis technique involving the irradiation of a 500 eV argon ion beam, which not only facilitates the creation of micro-patterned rGO on a graphene oxide (GO) film but also enables simultaneous material characterization and patterning. By adjusting the irradiation exposure time between 0 and 80 s, we achieve meticulous control over the attributes and the reduction process of the material. The use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) allows for real-time monitoring of the reduction from GO to rGO, evidenced by a notable reduction in the intensities of C-O, C=O, and O-C=O bonds, and an increase in C-C bond intensities, indicating a significant reduction level. Our research demonstrates the efficient production of eco-friendly rGO using precise, controlled argon ion beam irradiation, proving its advantages over traditional methods. These results contribute to the development of sustainable material science technologies, with potential applications in electronics, energy storage, and more.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Low-Cost Energy Materials and Thin Films)
Open AccessCorrection
Correction: Bu et al. A Decomposition-Based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm for Solving Low-Carbon Scheduling of Ship Segment Painting. Coatings 2024, 14, 368
by
Henan Bu, Xianpeng Zhu, Zikang Ge, Teng Yang, Zhuwen Yan and Yingxin Tang
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 533; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050533 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
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Open AccessArticle
Influence of HNT-ZnO Nanofillers on the Performance of Epoxy Resin Composites for Marine Applications
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Raluca Şomoghi, Sonia Mihai, George-Mihail Teodorescu, Zina Vuluga, Augusta Raluca Gabor, Cristian-Andi Nicolae, Bogdan Trică, Daniel Mihai Stănescu Vătău, Florin Oancea and Cătălin Marian Stănciulescu
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050532 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
Epoxy resin was conjugated with halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and different types of ZnO nanoparticles (commercial ZnO and modified ZnO-ODTES) to obtain HNT-ZnO/epoxy resin composites. These ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were utilized with the intention to enhance the interfacial bonding between the epoxy resin
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Epoxy resin was conjugated with halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and different types of ZnO nanoparticles (commercial ZnO and modified ZnO-ODTES) to obtain HNT-ZnO/epoxy resin composites. These ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were utilized with the intention to enhance the interfacial bonding between the epoxy resin and the reinforcing agent (HNT). The properties of resulted epoxy resin composites were characterized by various methods such as FTIR-ATR, TGA, DSC, TEM-EDX, and Nanoindentation analyses. The thermal properties of the epoxy resin composites were enhanced to a greater extent by the addition of HNT-ZnO nanofillers. DSC testing proved that the modification in the glass transition temperature can be due to the physical bonding between the epoxy resin and filler (HNT and/or ZnO). It was seen that the epoxy resin modified with HNT and ZnO-ODTES has the highest resistance to scratching by having a good elastic recovery as well as high values for surface hardness (~187.6 MPa) and reduced modulus (2980 MPa). These findings can pave the way for the developing of ZnO-based marine coatings with improved properties.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Films/Coatings Processing Technologies: Deposition and Process)
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Open AccessCorrection
Correction: Sai, R.; Abumousa, R.A. Impact of Iron Pyrite Nanoparticles Sizes in Photovoltaic Performance. Coatings 2023, 13, 167
by
Refka Sai and Rasha A. Abumousa
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 531; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050531 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
It has been brought to the authors attention that Figure 1 [...]
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion)
Open AccessArticle
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Probe Detection via Gold Nanorods and AuNRs@SiO2 Composites
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Huiqin Li, Yanyu Tian, Shaotian Yan, Lijun Ren, Rong Ma, Weiwei Zhao, Hongge Zhang and Shumei Dou
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 530; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050530 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
In this paper, a self-assembly method was used to prepare gold nanorod composites, and a seed-growth method was used to adjust the amount of AgNO3 solution, enabling the preparation of gold nanorods with different aspect ratios. AuNRs@SiO2 nanocomposite particles were then
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In this paper, a self-assembly method was used to prepare gold nanorod composites, and a seed-growth method was used to adjust the amount of AgNO3 solution, enabling the preparation of gold nanorods with different aspect ratios. AuNRs@SiO2 nanocomposite particles were then prepared by using the Stöber method to coat the gold nanorod surface with silica. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the maximum aspect ratio of the gold nanorods was 4.53, which was achieved using 2 mL of 10 mM AgNO3 solution. The Raman-scattering intensity of the gold nanorods was studied using rhodamine 6G, thiram, melamine, and piroxicam, and detection limits of 10−8 M, 10−5 M, and 10−3 M were, respectively, achieved. As a substrate, these gold nanorods showed good repeatability and reproducibility, and trace detection was successfully achieved. A transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that the SiO2 shell became thicker with increasing tetraethyl orthosilicate addition. Using AuNRs@SiO2 as the base and R6G, thiram, and piroxicam as the probes, measurable detection limits of 10−9 M, 10−6 M, and 10−5 M were achieved, and this composite also showed excellent repeatability and reproducibility.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plasma Coatings, Surfaces & Interfaces)
Open AccessReview
Hydrophobic and Tribological Properties of Biomimetic Interfaces
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Kang Yang, Jun Tang, Jia Huang, Honglei Zhang, Hao Chen, Yahui Xiong, Ruili Wang, Chao Wu, Meimei Wang and Hongliang Chen
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 529; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050529 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Bionic interfaces have received much attention owing to their attractive hydrophobic and tribological potential. Although a great deal of research has been carried out on biomimetic nanostructures, the basic theory, experimental application, and related techniques of hydrophobicity of biomimetic nanostructures, as well as
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Bionic interfaces have received much attention owing to their attractive hydrophobic and tribological potential. Although a great deal of research has been carried out on biomimetic nanostructures, the basic theory, experimental application, and related techniques of hydrophobicity of biomimetic nanostructures, as well as the relationship between the state of lubricants and friction in tribology have not been fully explored. In this review, based on a brief discussion of the theory of hydrophobicity, the role of two-dimensional bionic structures in the wet state is introduced, and the wetting mechanism and applications are discussed. Then, the synergistic effects and mechanisms of bionic weaving and lubricants in the dry/wet friction state are investigated. In addition, the contribution of bionic structures to the fields of hydrophobicity and tribology further deepens the knowledge and enriches the practical applications of bionic surface weaving.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Surface and Interface Properties of Nanostructures)
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Open AccessArticle
Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of the X80 Steel Welded Joint
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Yadong Li, Jiaxu Sang, Yunzhi Yang, Guoxin Fang, Jianjun Pang and Feng Liu
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050528 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Wire beam electrode techniques and classical electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the effect of the area ratio of each part of the welded joint on the galvanic corrosion behavior. The results showed that the order of the corrosion current density of the
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Wire beam electrode techniques and classical electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the effect of the area ratio of each part of the welded joint on the galvanic corrosion behavior. The results showed that the order of the corrosion current density of the different regions in the simulated X80 steel welded joint was as follows: coarse-grained heat-affected zone > fine-grained heat-affected zone > intercritical heat-affected zone > base metal > weld metal. As the area ratio of weld metal increased, the galvanic potential shifted positively, the maximum anode galvanic current density increased and the main anode galvanic effect increased. On the other hand, as the area ratio of the base metal and the heat-affected zone decreased, the coupled potential shifted negatively and the maximum anode galvanic current density decreased. The galvanic corrosion intensity of the simulated X80 steel welded joint increased as the area ratio of the weld metal decreased and increased as the area ratio of the heat-affected zone and base metal increased. To enhance corrosion resistance, it is advisable to choose a shape with a larger groove to increase the WM area in the welded joint. Additionally, selecting a welding method with lower heat input and a higher energy density can help reduce the HAZ area in the welded joint.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Manufacturing and Surface Engineering IV)
Open AccessArticle
Fabrication of Nanostructures Consisting of Composite Nanoparticles by Open-Air PLD
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Anna Og Dikovska, Daniela Karashanova, Genoveva Atanasova, Georgi Avdeev, Petar Atanasov and Nikolay N. Nedyalkov
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 527; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050527 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
We present a two-step physical method for the fabrication of composite nanoparticle-based nanostructures. The proposed method is based on the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique performed sequentially in vacuum and in air. As a first step, thin-alloyed films of iron with noble metal
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We present a two-step physical method for the fabrication of composite nanoparticle-based nanostructures. The proposed method is based on the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique performed sequentially in vacuum and in air. As a first step, thin-alloyed films of iron with noble metal were deposited by PLD in vacuum. The films were prepared by ablation of a mosaic target formed by equal iron and gold sectors. As a second step, the as-prepared alloyed films were ablated in air at atmospheric pressure as the laser beam scanned their surface. Two sets of experiments were performed in the second step, namely, by applying nanosecond (ns) and picosecond (ps) laser pulses for ablation. The structure, microstructure, morphology, and optical properties of the samples obtained were studied with respect to the laser ablation regime applied. The implementation of the ablation process in open air resulted in the formation of nanoparticle and/or nanoparticle aggregates in the plasma plume regardless of the ablation regime applied. These nanoparticles and/or nanoaggregates deposited on the substrate formed a complex porous structure. It was found that ablating FeAu films in air by ns pulses resulted in the fabrication of alloyed nanoparticles, while ablation by ps laser pulses results in separation of the metals in the alloy and further oxidation of Fe. In the latter case, the as-deposited structures also contain core–shell type nanoparticles, with the shell consisting of Fe-oxide phase. The obtained structures, regardless of the ablation regime applied, demonstrate a red-shifted plasmon resonance with respect to the plasmon resonance of pure Au nanoparticles.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Metal Matrix Composite Coatings and Layers: Microstructure, Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties)
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Open AccessArticle
A CFD Study of Particulate Deposition on Dimple-Type Flue Walls of Coal-Fired Power Plants
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Dong Hua, Xiqiang Chang, Mengke Liao, Zunshi Han and Hao Lu
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 526; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050526 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
The study of particle deposition in bends is always a continuous challenge in various engineering and industrial applications. New types of channels with special microstructures on the surfaces can be effective in modifying the flow field structure as well as particle deposition in
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The study of particle deposition in bends is always a continuous challenge in various engineering and industrial applications. New types of channels with special microstructures on the surfaces can be effective in modifying the flow field structure as well as particle deposition in channels. In this study, a 90° circular bend with a convex dimple structure was used, and the flow field and the deposition of particles in the channel were analyzed; the Stokes numbers (St) used were 0.016, 0.355 and 1.397. The reliability of the model was ensured by mesh-independence validation as well as speed validation. In a 90° bend channel with convex dimples, the temperature distribution, particle deposition distribution, flow structure and secondary flow were examined. The effects of the number of convex dimples and St in the bend on the flow field structure and particle deposition characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the main factors affecting the deposition characteristics of particles in bends are St, gravitational deposition, thermophoretic force, turbulent vortex clusters and secondary flow distribution. The effect of St is more pronounced, with the deposition rate increasing as the St increases, and the deposition location of the particles is mainly clustered on the outside of the bend structure of the elbow.
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(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Aspects in Colloid and Interface Science)
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Open AccessArticle
Utilizing Metal Oxide Thin Films for Device Engineering of Solution-Processed Organic Multi-Junction Solar Cells
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Afshin Hadipour
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050525 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Electron and hole transporting layers play a major role in high-performance and stable organic-based optoelectronic devices. This paper demonstrates detailed device engineering of multi-junction organic photovoltaics built on two different metal oxide-based electron and hole transport (buffer) layers prepared by thermal or solution-processed
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Electron and hole transporting layers play a major role in high-performance and stable organic-based optoelectronic devices. This paper demonstrates detailed device engineering of multi-junction organic photovoltaics built on two different metal oxide-based electron and hole transport (buffer) layers prepared by thermal or solution-processed methods. The main focus is on the device processing parameters as well as practical details of preparation of buffer layers to give the research community a clear, step-by-step recipe to successfully replicate and build series and parallel connected multi-junction solution-based organic solar cells for their needs. Here, the recipes and deposition conditions of two metal oxide buffer layers are presented in detail, based on basic commercially available materials and tools, to achieve well-engineered tandem (multi-junction) solution-processed organic solar cells. The buffer layers have appropriate energy levels for electrical selectivity of anode and cathode electrodes, and they are highly stable and chemically compatible with processing of solution-based polymer solar cells. To demonstrate the engineering steps of multi-junction devices, the PCE10:PC70BM blend is used as the active layer for all subcells. Then, to improve the power conversion efficiency of the single-junction photovoltaic device, PCE10:PC70BM blend is used in combination with DPPx:PC70BM with different absorption spectra for bottom and top subcell active layers. An optimized series tandem device with 10.6% power conversion efficiency is demonstrated. Generally, the device structures reported here can also be used for other types of optoelectronic devices, such as light emitting diodes and photodetectors.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Metal Oxide Films: Materials and Applications)
Open AccessArticle
Anticorrosion Method Combining Impressed Current Cathodic Protection and Coatings in Marine Atmospheric Environment
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Peichang Deng, Juyu Shangguan, Jiezhen Hu, Huan Huang and Lingbo Zhou
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050524 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
In this study, a new anticorrosion method combining impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) with coatings that can be applied to marine atmospheric environments is proposed. As the corrosion medium fills the cracks and pores of the coating, an electrolyte film layer is inevitably
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In this study, a new anticorrosion method combining impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) with coatings that can be applied to marine atmospheric environments is proposed. As the corrosion medium fills the cracks and pores of the coating, an electrolyte film layer is inevitably formed on the metal surface. Therefore, a graphene conductive coating with excellent chemical inertness and shielding performance is selected as the intermediate coating to form an electrolytic cell system with a metal substrate serving as the cathode and a graphene coating serving as the auxiliary anode. By studying the surface corrosion morphologies and electrochemical signals of the coating samples at different protection potentials and coating thicknesses, the optimal potential is determined to be 0.6 V, and the optimal coating thickness is determined to be 20 μm. The samples protected by the joint method have lower corrosion rates and better anticorrosion performance than those protected by the coatings alone.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Investigation on Corrosion Behaviour of Metallic Materials)
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Open AccessArticle
Coating on Steel Discs with a Photocatalytic System CuO/SiO2 for the Degradation of the Ubiquitous Contaminants Methylene Blue and Amoxicillin
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Alberto Hernández-Reyes, Irina V. Lijanova, Aristeo Garrido-Hernández, Ángel de J. Morales-Ramirez, Carlos Hernández-Fuentes, Evelyn Y. Calvillo-Muñoz, Natalya V. Likhanova and Octavio Olivares-Xometl
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 523; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050523 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
The present research work describes the synthesis and characterization of CuO/SiO2 for coating-perforated 304 stainless steel (SS) substrates to degrade methylene blue and amoxicillin under visible light irradiation. The foregoing photocatalytic system was achieved through the coprecipitation method by adding pure CuO
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The present research work describes the synthesis and characterization of CuO/SiO2 for coating-perforated 304 stainless steel (SS) substrates to degrade methylene blue and amoxicillin under visible light irradiation. The foregoing photocatalytic system was achieved through the coprecipitation method by adding pure CuO to a SiO2 sol at 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15 molar ratios. The conditions for carrying out the depositions on the SS substrates (three per substrate) involved an immersion rate of 90 mm/min with a drying time of 20 min at 120 °C. The XRD technique confirmed the presence of the SiO2 amorphous phases and CuO monoclinic systems in the coatings, with a particle size distribution ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 μm (with an average of 1.26 ± 0.06 μm). As for SEM, it revealed a homogeneous coating surface without cracks. The produced photoactive CuO/SiO2 coatings were capable of degrading methylene blue (98%) at 1500 min and amoxicillin (55%) at 450 min.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Low-Cost Energy Materials and Thin Films)
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Open AccessArticle
Study of High-Temperature Rheological Properties of Emulsified Asphalt Residues
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Houzhi Wang, Chunxi Li, Gang Xu, Yixin Zhou and Rui Wang
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 522; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050522 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
The residue of emulsified asphalt is its final state when it becomes part of an asphalt mixture. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the residue have a significant impact on the performance of emulsified asphalt mixtures. Dynamic shear rheological tests and fluorescence microscopy were
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The residue of emulsified asphalt is its final state when it becomes part of an asphalt mixture. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the residue have a significant impact on the performance of emulsified asphalt mixtures. Dynamic shear rheological tests and fluorescence microscopy were conducted to explore the effects of emulsification and aging on the rheological properties and micro-morphology of emulsified asphalt residue. The results of both the temperature sweep and multiple stress creep recovery tests indicated that the emulsification of the asphalt had different effects on the rheological properties of the base asphalt and the styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt. For the base asphalt, emulsification increases the complex shear modulus by about 5% and reduces irrecoverable creep flexibility by 30%. However, the physical grinding effect of the colloid mill during the emulsification process could destroy the internal spatial network structure of SBS, leading to a reduction in the complex shear modulus by about 5% and a 10% increase in irrecoverable creep flexibility. This phenomenon is similar to the aging of SBS-modified asphalt, which, in turn, leads to a decline in the performance of emulsified SBS-modified asphalt residues.
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(This article belongs to the Section Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification)
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Open AccessFeature PaperArticle
Exploring Sustainable Coating Solutions for Applications in Highly Corrosive Environments
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Ana Suárez-Vega, Gemma Berriozabal, Aiala Urbegain, Daniela Minudri, Anthony Somers, Maria Forsyth, Raúl Caracena and Nevena Marinova
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050521 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
To protect carbon steel from degradation via corrosion, it is usually coated using a multilayer system of paints composed of petroleum-based polymers. The chemical industry is currently moving towards more sustainable chemistry, in which one of the main objectives is to reduce fossil
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To protect carbon steel from degradation via corrosion, it is usually coated using a multilayer system of paints composed of petroleum-based polymers. The chemical industry is currently moving towards more sustainable chemistry, in which one of the main objectives is to reduce fossil fuel use and the derived raw materials. However, the replacement of petroleum-based raw materials with those that are bio-based is not straightforward since the properties of these new materials are often inferior to the traditional ones. One of the most used resins in primer paints is Diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA). This is an epoxy resin synthesized from bisphenol A (BPA), a toxic and carcinogenic petroleum-based compound. This study investigates the substitution of the primer coating in a three-layer coating system with two different types of primer coating formulations, one which is partially bio-based and another that is BPA-free. The corrosion protection effectiveness of these sustainable coatings is assessed not only at the laboratory scale but also in real offshore conditions. Moreover, the adhesion of the different coating systems is evaluated before and after each ageing test. The results reveal that these novel coatings exhibit comparable performance to conventional paints while providing a more sustainable corrosion protection alternative.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Anticorrosion Coatings and Coating Testing)
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Open AccessArticle
Direct Jet Co-Electrospinning of Spinal Cord-Mimicking Phantom for Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Qi Li, Longji Xu, Chunyan Hu, Ziwei Zhang, Daxiang Yang, Weibo Chen, Gareth Williams, Geoff J. M. Parker, Fei Gao and Feng-Lei Zhou
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 520; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050520 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
(1) Background: Spinal cord injuries and diseases necessitate sophisticated tools for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. However, the lack of reliable phantoms mimicking the complex structure of the spinal cord hinders the development and validation of advanced imaging techniques. This study aims to
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(1) Background: Spinal cord injuries and diseases necessitate sophisticated tools for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. However, the lack of reliable phantoms mimicking the complex structure of the spinal cord hinders the development and validation of advanced imaging techniques. This study aims to address this critical unmet need by exploring the application of electrospinning to create polymeric fibers resembling the human spinal cord; (2) Methods: Direct jet coaxial electrospinning (DJ-co-ES) is a specialized electrospinning process characterized by the presence of solely the straight segment of a fluid jet. The research firstly investigates the effects of various solution properties and process parameters on the formation and characteristics of core/shell fibers with polycaprolactone (PCL) as the shell and polyethylene oxide (PEO) as the core. Furthermore, the study explores the potential of these DJ-co-ES fibers as phantoms by measuring various diffusion MRI parameters; (3) Results: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the successful production of hollow PCL microfibers (2–12 μm diameter) with smooth, cylindrical morphology and high orientation. The DJ-co-ES process demonstrated optimal stability when utilizing 10 w/v% PCL in DCM/DMF for the shell and 4 w/v% PEO in deionized water for the core. Additionally, the high miscibility between core and shell solvents in other core and shell solutions cases facilitated the production of fibers with smaller diameters. The findings demonstrate that the measured values fall within the range observed in both healthy and diseased spinal cord tissues; (4) Conclusions: This research paves the way for utilizing DJ-co-ES technology to develop reliable phantoms for spinal cord applications, ultimately fostering advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and research related to spinal cord conditions.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Paper Collection in Bioactive Coatings and Biointerfaces)
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Open AccessArticle
Design and Application of Rich Bottom Layer Mixtures
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Zhiqiang Wei, Abduhaibir Abdukadir, Xiangqing Zhao, Honghai Cui and Junyan Yi
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050519 - 23 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study aims to summarize design indexes for rich bottom layer mixtures (RBLMs) and design asphalt mixtures with superior performance to reduce reflective cracks and fatigue cracking resulting from semi-rigid base cracking in the asphalt layer. First, this study synthesizes the research results
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This study aims to summarize design indexes for rich bottom layer mixtures (RBLMs) and design asphalt mixtures with superior performance to reduce reflective cracks and fatigue cracking resulting from semi-rigid base cracking in the asphalt layer. First, this study synthesizes the research results about RBLMs and introduces the related design indexes. After that, using ABAQUS 6.13, finite element analysis was performed to analyze the change in bottom stress when the base cracked and the interlayer bond weakened. SBS-modified asphalt mixtures (SMMs) and composite-modified asphalt mixtures (CMMs) were subsequently developed as RBLMs utilizing the Marshall test method and applied on a test road. The research findings reveal that design indexes for RBLMs include a volume of air voids (VVs) within the range of 2.0–3.0%, a maximum flexural strain exceeding 3500με, and a dynamic stability surpassing 1000 cycles/mm. Both mixtures satisfy the design requirements, with the CMM demonstrating superior performance and offering promising application prospects. Future research endeavors will concentrate on prolonged monitoring of the test section to authenticate the effectiveness of an RBL in practical road applications.
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(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Aspects in Colloid and Interface Science)
Open AccessArticle
In Vitro Evaluation of Optimized PEEK Surfaces for Enhanced Osseointegration
by
Kadie Nobles, Amol V. Janorkar, Michael D. Roach, Lawrence Walker and Randall Scott Williamson
Coatings 2024, 14(5), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050518 - 23 Apr 2024
Abstract
The materials traditionally used for implant applications, such as titanium alloys, cobalt chromium, and zirconium, often require surface modifications to achieve the desired osseointegration. These materials still have the problematic stress-shielding effect. To limit stress shielding, PEEK is the superior alternative to fulfill
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The materials traditionally used for implant applications, such as titanium alloys, cobalt chromium, and zirconium, often require surface modifications to achieve the desired osseointegration. These materials still have the problematic stress-shielding effect. To limit stress shielding, PEEK is the superior alternative to fulfill implant needs. However, the traditional methods of modifying and functionalizing the surface of PEEK are often expensive, time consuming, and are not easily translated into commercialization. Sulfonation is a process, which is dependent on controllable factors. Thus far, no research has been performed to optimize the sulfonation process. Our data suggest that the process factors can be controlled and optimized. Cellular activity was examined on the optimized PEEK surfaces through testing with pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells through cell viability (MTT assay), cell proliferation (DNA assay), cell differentiation (ALP assay), and cell mineralization (Alizarin red assay). Overall, sulfonated and heat-treated PEEK exhibited a statistically significant increase in DNA content over the course of 21 days, indicating more cell proliferation and viability for that surface. In vitro testing results showed that the optimized sulfonated and heat-treated PEEK exhibited superior cell proliferation and mineralization performance over smooth PEEK and sulfonated-only PEEK.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials, Coatings and Techniques: Applications in Medicine and Dentistry)
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Open AccessArticle
Ternary Holey Carbon Nanohorn/Potassium Chloride/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanohybrid as Sensing Film for Resistive Humidity Sensor
by
Bogdan-Catalin Serban, Octavian Buiu, Marius Bumbac, Nicolae Dumbravescu, Cristina Pachiu, Mihai Brezeanu, Gabriel Craciun, Cristina Mihaela Nicolescu, Vlad Diaconescu and Cornel Cobianu
Coatings 2024, 14(4), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040517 - 22 Apr 2024
Abstract
The study presents findings on the relative humidity (R.H.) sensing capabilities of a resistive sensor. This sensor utilizes sensing layers composed of a ternary nanohybrid, consisting of holey carbon nanohorn (CNHox), potassium chloride (KCl), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), with mass ratios of 7/1/2, 6.5/1.5/2,
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The study presents findings on the relative humidity (R.H.) sensing capabilities of a resistive sensor. This sensor utilizes sensing layers composed of a ternary nanohybrid, consisting of holey carbon nanohorn (CNHox), potassium chloride (KCl), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), with mass ratios of 7/1/2, 6.5/1.5/2, and 6/2/2 (w/w/w). The sensing structure comprises a silicon substrate, a SiO2 layer, and interdigitated transducer (IDT) electrodes. The sensing film is deposited on the sensing structure via the drop-casting method. The sensing layers’ morphology and composition are investigated through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and RAMAN spectroscopy. The resistance of thin-film sensors based on ternary hybrids increased with exposure to a range of relative humidity (R.H.) levels, from 0% to 100%. The newly designed devices demonstrated a comparable response at room temperature to that of commercial capacitive R.H. sensors, boasting excellent linearity, swift response times, and heightened sensitivity. Notably, the studied sensors outperform others employing CNHox-based sensing layers in terms of sensitivity, as observed through manufacturing and testing processes. It elucidates the sensing mechanisms of each constituent within the ternary hybrid nanocomposites, delving into their chemical and physical properties, electronic characteristics, and affinity for water molecules. Various alternative sensing mechanisms are considered and discussed, including the reduction in holes within CNHox upon interaction with water molecules, proton conduction, and PVP swelling.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Thin Films Technologies for Optics, Electronics, and Sensing)
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