Combined System of Activated Sludge and Ozonation for the Treatment of Kraft E1 Effluent

doi:10.3390/ijerph6031145

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 6(3), 1145-1154; doi:10.3390/ijerph6031145

Article

Combined System of Activated Sludge and Ozonation for the Treatment of Kraft E₁ Effluent

Marcia Regina Assalin* , Edna dos Santos Almeida and Nelson Durán

Laboratório de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas CP 6154, CEP 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 18 February 2009 / Accepted: 10 March 2009 / Published: 17 March 2009

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodegradability and Environmental Sciences)

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Abstract: The treatment of paper mill effluent for COD, TOC, total phenols and color removal was investigated using combined activated sludge-ozonation processes and single processes. The combined activated sludge-O₃/pH 10 treatment was able to remove around 80% of COD, TOC and color from Kraft E₁ effluent. For the total phenols, the efficiency removal was around 70%. The ozonation post treatment carried out at pH 8.3 also showed better results than the single process. The COD, TOC, color and total phenols removal efficiency obtained were 75.5, 59.1, 77 and 52.3%, respectively. The difference in the concentrations of free radical produced by activated sludge-O₃/pH 10 and activated sludge-O₃/pH 8.3 affected mainly the TOC and total phenol removal values.

Keywords: Activated sludge; ozonation; combined processes; Kraft E1 effluent

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MDPI and ACS Style

Assalin, M.R.; Almeida, E.S.; Durán, N. Combined System of Activated Sludge and Ozonation for the Treatment of Kraft E₁ Effluent. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 6, 1145-1154.

AMA Style

Assalin MR, Almeida ES, Durán N. Combined System of Activated Sludge and Ozonation for the Treatment of Kraft E₁ Effluent. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2009; 6(3):1145-1154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Assalin, Marcia Regina; Almeida, Edna dos Santos; Durán, Nelson. 2009. "Combined System of Activated Sludge and Ozonation for the Treatment of Kraft E₁ Effluent." Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 6, no. 3: 1145-1154.

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