Towards a Climate-Resilient World: The Role of Renewable Energy, Innovation, and High-Tech

The escalating threats posed by climate change to ecosystems, biodiversity, and human society underscore the urgent need for a decisive shift away from dependence on fossil fuels. This review underlines the centrale role of renewable energy, innovation, and high-tech in building a climate-resilient world and achieving sustainable development goals. Renewable energy emerges as an alternative that not only supports carbon-neutral economic activities but also helps mitigate climate change. Solar energy, captured through PV cells and CSP systems, has gained significant attention, leading to improvements in both efficiency and scalability. Advances in wind turbine design for both small- and large-scale applications, along with improvements in materials, have significantly enhanced the capture of kinetic energy at a relatively low cost, making wind power an increasingly competitive source of clean energy. Advances in hydropower turbine, dam, and pump design, particularly for large-scale applications, have positioned hydropower as a strategic tool for stabilizing intermittency in renewable energy, specifically through hydroenergy storage. Advances in energy storage, along with their integration into electrical grids, have demonstrated the potential to address the intermittency of renewable energy, thereby paving the way for more stable energy systems and reduced dependence on conventional energy sources. Overall, renewable energy, innovation, and high-tech are bringing society closer to a more climate-resilient world where clean energy plays a central role in mitigating climate change, adapting to its impacts, and achieving climate neutrality.