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Sports
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Hydration in Sport and Exercise
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Hydration in Sport and Exercise

A special issue of Sports (ISSN 2075-4663).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2020) | Viewed by 9941

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Éric Goulet

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Performance, l’Hydratation et la Thermorégulation, Performance, Hydration and Thermoregulation Laboratory, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
Interests: dehydration; exercise performance; heat; hydration; hydration strategy; hyperhydration; instruments validation; sweat sodium concentration; thermoregulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although work is still required, the impacts of exercise-induced dehydration upon physiological functions and physical and cognitive performances have been relatively well-established over the years. What has received less attention from researchers, however, is the impact of various hydration strategies, implemented either before, during, following exercise or a combination of these periods, on the aforementioned variables. In fact, although individual athletes or practitioners are well informed about the numerous consequences of inadequate hydration during exercise, little information exists as to how individuals should hydrate for optimizing exercise performance, health and mental abilities while considering the different factors inherent to a given athlete, sport or situation. The goal of this Special Issue is to highlight new research findings examining how the modulation of fluid intake before, during or after exercise impacts the capacity of humans during exercise.

Prof. Éric Goulet
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sports is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cognitive performance
  • dehydration
  • exercise
  • health
  • hydration strategy
  • hyperhydration
  • physical performance
  • rehydration

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1069 KiB  
Article
Impact of Mild Hypohydration on 100 m Front Crawl Performance and Starting Block Peak Force Production in Competitive University-Level Swimmers
by Mohamed El Fethi Abed, Thomas A. Deshayes, Pascale Claveau, David Jeker, François Thénault and Eric D.B. Goulet
Sports 2020, 8(10), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8100133 - 14 Oct 2020
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Abstract
Unstructured, ad libitum drinking may predispose some athletes to start exercise already slightly hypohydrated (decreased body water). The impact of pre-exercise mild hypohydration on subsequent swimming performance is still unknown. Hence, the goal of this study was to examine its effect on peak [...] Read more.
Unstructured, ad libitum drinking may predispose some athletes to start exercise already slightly hypohydrated (decreased body water). The impact of pre-exercise mild hypohydration on subsequent swimming performance is still unknown. Hence, the goal of this study was to examine its effect on peak force production on the starting block and 100 m front crawl swimming performance in competitive university-level swimmers. At least one hour after having been passively exposed to heat where a body mass loss of 1.5% was induced or euhydration (normal body water) maintained, nine participants (age: 22 ± 2 years) underwent an assessment of their peak force production on the starting block and 100 m front crawl performance. One hour following hypohydration, rectal temperature had returned to baseline in each condition. Urine osmolality and specific gravity were higher (p < 0.05) with hypohydration than euhydration (995 ± 65 vs. 428 ± 345 mOsmol/kg; 1.027 ± 0.003 vs. 1.016 ± 0.007 g/mL) prior to exercise testing, as was perceived thirst. Swimming performance (p = 0.86) and peak force production (p = 0.72) on the starting block did not differ between the hypohydration and euhydrated condition (63.00 ± 4.26 vs. 63.09 ± 4.52 s; 1322 ± 236 vs. 1315 ± 230 N). The current results indicate that mild hypohydration, which may occur with ad libitum drinking, does not impede peak force production on the starting block and 100 m front crawl performance in university-level competitive swimmers. Planned drinking is not required prior to such an event. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydration in Sport and Exercise)
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12 pages, 1217 KiB  
Article
Effect of Thirst-Driven Fluid Intake on 1 H Cycling Time-Trial Performance in Trained Endurance Athletes
by Maxime Perreault-Briere, Jeff Beliveau, David Jeker, Thomas A. Deshayes, Ana Duran and Eric D. B. Goulet
Sports 2019, 7(10), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7100223 - 14 Oct 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3599
Abstract
A meta-analysis demonstrated that programmed fluid intake (PFI) aimed at fully replacing sweat losses during a 1 h high-intensity cycling exercise impairs performance compared with no fluid intake (NFI). It was reported that thirst-driven fluid intake (TDFI) may optimize cycling performance, compared with [...] Read more.
A meta-analysis demonstrated that programmed fluid intake (PFI) aimed at fully replacing sweat losses during a 1 h high-intensity cycling exercise impairs performance compared with no fluid intake (NFI). It was reported that thirst-driven fluid intake (TDFI) may optimize cycling performance, compared with when fluid is consumed more than thirst dictates. However, how TDFI, compared with PFI and NFI, impacts performance during a 1 h cycling time-trial performance remains unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of NFI, TDFI and PFI on 1 h cycling time-trial performance. Using a randomized, crossover and counterbalanced protocol, 9 (7 males and 2 females) trained endurance athletes (30 ± 9 years; Peak V · O2∶ 59 ± 8 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed three 1 h cycling time-trials (30 °C, 50% RH) with either NFI, TDFI or PFI designed to maintain body mass (BM) at ~0.5% of pre-exercise BM. Body mass loss reached 2.9 ± 0.4, 2.2 ± 0.3 and 0.6 ± 0.2% with NFI, TDFI and PFI, respectively. Heart rate, rectal and mean skin temperatures and ratings of perceived exertion and of abdominal discomfort diverged marginally among trials. Mean distance completed (NFI: 35.6 ± 1.9 km; TDFI: 35.8 ± 2.0; PFI: 35.7 ± 2.0) and, hence, average power output maintained during the time-trials did not significantly differ among trials, and the impact of both PFI and TDFI vs. NFI was deemed trivial or unclear. These findings indicate that neither PFI nor TDFI are likely to offer any advantage over NFI during a 1 h cycling time-trial. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydration in Sport and Exercise)
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Review

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12 pages, 1222 KiB  
Review
Post-Exercise Sweat Loss Estimation Accuracy of Athletes and Physically Active Adults: A Review
by Eric O’Neal, Tara Boy, Brett Davis, Kelly Pritchett, Robert Pritchett, Svetlana Nepocatych and Katherine Black
Sports 2020, 8(8), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8080113 - 11 Aug 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3587
Abstract
The main purposes of this review were to provide a qualitative description of nine investigations in which sweat losses were estimated by participants following exercise and to perform a quantitative analysis of the collective data. Unique estimations (n = 297) were made [...] Read more.
The main purposes of this review were to provide a qualitative description of nine investigations in which sweat losses were estimated by participants following exercise and to perform a quantitative analysis of the collective data. Unique estimations (n = 297) were made by 127 men and 116 women after a variety of exercise modalities in moderate to hot environmental conditions. Actual sweat loss exceeded estimated sweat loss (p < 0.001) for women (1.072 ± 0.473 vs. 0.481 ± 0.372 L), men (1.778 ± 0.907 vs. 0.908 ± 0.666 L) and when all data were combined (1.428 ± 0.806 vs. 0.697 ± 0.581 L), respectively. However, estimation accuracy did not differ between women (55.2 ± 51.5%) and men (62.4 ± 54.5%). Underestimation of 50% or more of sweat losses were exhibited in 168 (54%) of estimation scenarios with heavier sweaters displaying a higher prevalence and trend of greater underestimations in general. Most modern guidelines for fluid intake during and between training bouts are based on approximate sweat loss estimation knowledge. These guidelines will likely have minimal efficacy if greater awareness of how to determine sweat losses and accurate recognition of sweat losses is not increased by coaches and athletes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydration in Sport and Exercise)
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