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Aerospace Sensor Systems

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2008) | Viewed by 118305

Special Issue Editor

EPFL, Swiss Space Center, PPH341 - Station 13, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Interests: spaceflight; astronaut; European space technology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue will focus on the broad development of Aerospace Sensor Systems. Any sensor technology that addresses issues related to this topic is acceptable. Full research papers with new results or a comprehensive review of the state-of-art of Aerospace Sensor Systems are encouraged for submission. There are no restrictions on the topics of interest of this special issue. In addition, authors are encouraged to submit full research papers. There is no length restriction.

Prof. Dr. Claude Nicollier
Guest Editor

Keywords

  • aerospace sensors

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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187 KiB  
Article
Globally Optimal Multisensor Distributed Random Parameter Matrices Kalman Filtering Fusion with Applications
by Yingting Luo, Yunmin Zhu, Dandan Luo, Jie Zhou, Enbin Song and Donghua Wang
Sensors 2008, 8(12), 8086-8103; https://doi.org/10.3390/s8128086 - 08 Dec 2008
Cited by 79 | Viewed by 12205
Abstract
This paper proposes a new distributed Kalman filtering fusion with random state transition and measurement matrices, i.e., random parameter matrices Kalman filtering. It is proved that under a mild condition the fused state estimate is equivalent to the centralized Kalman filtering using all [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a new distributed Kalman filtering fusion with random state transition and measurement matrices, i.e., random parameter matrices Kalman filtering. It is proved that under a mild condition the fused state estimate is equivalent to the centralized Kalman filtering using all sensor measurements; therefore, it achieves the best performance. More importantly, this result can be applied to Kalman filtering with uncertain observations including the measurement with a false alarm probability as a special case, as well as, randomly variant dynamic systems with multiple models. Numerical examples are given which support our analysis and show significant performance loss of ignoring the randomness of the parameter matrices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerospace Sensor Systems)
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2321 KiB  
Article
Can Commercial Digital Cameras Be Used as Multispectral Sensors? A Crop Monitoring Test
by Valentine Lebourgeois, Agnès Bégué, Sylvain Labbé, Benjamin Mallavan, Laurent Prévot and Bruno Roux
Sensors 2008, 8(11), 7300-7322; https://doi.org/10.3390/s8117300 - 17 Nov 2008
Cited by 140 | Viewed by 22313
Abstract
The use of consumer digital cameras or webcams to characterize and monitor different features has become prevalent in various domains, especially in environmental applications. Despite some promising results, such digital camera systems generally suffer from signal aberrations due to the on-board image processing [...] Read more.
The use of consumer digital cameras or webcams to characterize and monitor different features has become prevalent in various domains, especially in environmental applications. Despite some promising results, such digital camera systems generally suffer from signal aberrations due to the on-board image processing systems and thus offer limited quantitative data acquisition capability. The objective of this study was to test a series of radiometric corrections having the potential to reduce radiometric distortions linked to camera optics and environmental conditions, and to quantify the effects of these corrections on our ability to monitor crop variables. In 2007, we conducted a five-month experiment on sugarcane trial plots using original RGB and modified RGB (Red-Edge and NIR) cameras fitted onto a light aircraft. The camera settings were kept unchanged throughout the acquisition period and the images were recorded in JPEG and RAW formats. These images were corrected to eliminate the vignetting effect, and normalized between acquisition dates. Our results suggest that 1) the use of unprocessed image data did not improve the results of image analyses; 2) vignetting had a significant effect, especially for the modified camera, and 3) normalized vegetation indices calculated with vignetting-corrected images were sufficient to correct for scene illumination conditions. These results are discussed in the light of the experimental protocol and recommendations are made for the use of these versatile systems for quantitative remote sensing of terrestrial surfaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerospace Sensor Systems)
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484 KiB  
Article
Minimal-Drift Heading Measurement using a MEMS Gyro for Indoor Mobile Robots
by Sung Kyung Hong and Sungsu Park
Sensors 2008, 8(11), 7287-7299; https://doi.org/10.3390/s8117287 - 17 Nov 2008
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 12243
Abstract
To meet the challenges of making low-cost MEMS yaw rate gyros for the precise self-localization of indoor mobile robots, this paper examines a practical and effective method of minimizing drift on the heading angle that relies solely on integration of rate signals from [...] Read more.
To meet the challenges of making low-cost MEMS yaw rate gyros for the precise self-localization of indoor mobile robots, this paper examines a practical and effective method of minimizing drift on the heading angle that relies solely on integration of rate signals from a gyro. The main idea of the proposed approach is consists of two parts; 1) self-identification of calibration coefficients that affects long-term performance, and 2) threshold filter to reject the broadband noise component that affects short-term performance. Experimental results with the proposed phased method applied to Epson XV3500 gyro demonstrate that it effectively yields minimal drift heading angle measurements getting over major error sources in the MEMS gyro output. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerospace Sensor Systems)
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100 KiB  
Article
Motion Compensation of Moving Targets for High Range Resolution Stepped-Frequency Radar
by Yimin Liu, Huadong Meng, Hao Zhang and Xiqin Wang
Sensors 2008, 8(5), 3429-3437; https://doi.org/10.3390/s8053429 - 23 May 2008
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 10806
Abstract
High range resolution (HRR) profiling using stepped-frequency pulse trains suffers from range shift and the attenuation/dispersion of range profiles while the target of interest is moving. To overcome these two drawbacks, a new algorithm based on the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is proposed [...] Read more.
High range resolution (HRR) profiling using stepped-frequency pulse trains suffers from range shift and the attenuation/dispersion of range profiles while the target of interest is moving. To overcome these two drawbacks, a new algorithm based on the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is proposed in this paper. Without altering the conventional stepped-frequency waveform, this algorithm can estimate the target velocity and thereby compensate the phase errors caused by the target’s motion. It is shown that the velocity can be accurately estimated and the range profile can be correctly reconstructed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerospace Sensor Systems)
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224 KiB  
Article
Range and Velocity Estimation of Moving Targets Using Multiple Stepped-frequency Pulse Trains
by Gang Li, Huadong Meng, Xiang-Gen Xia and Ying-Ning Peng
Sensors 2008, 8(2), 1343-1350; https://doi.org/10.3390/s8021343 - 22 Feb 2008
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 10663
Abstract
Range and velocity estimation of moving targets using conventional steppedfrequencypulse radar may suffer from the range-Doppler coupling and the phasewrapping. To overcome these problems, this paper presents a new radar waveform namedmultiple stepped-frequency pulse trains and proposes a new algorithm. It is shown [...] Read more.
Range and velocity estimation of moving targets using conventional steppedfrequencypulse radar may suffer from the range-Doppler coupling and the phasewrapping. To overcome these problems, this paper presents a new radar waveform namedmultiple stepped-frequency pulse trains and proposes a new algorithm. It is shown that byusing multiple stepped-frequency pulse trains and the robust phase unwrapping theorem(RPUT), both of the range-Doppler coupling and the phase wrapping can be robustlyresolved, and accordingly, the range and the velocity of a moving target can be accuratelyestimated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerospace Sensor Systems)
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Review

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418 KiB  
Review
Small Magnetic Sensors for Space Applications
by Marina Díaz-Michelena
Sensors 2009, 9(4), 2271-2288; https://doi.org/10.3390/s90402271 - 30 Mar 2009
Cited by 185 | Viewed by 26186
Abstract
Small magnetic sensors are widely used integrated in vehicles, mobile phones, medical devices, etc for navigation, speed, position and angular sensing. These magnetic sensors are potential candidates for space sector applications in which mass, volume and power savings are important issues. This work [...] Read more.
Small magnetic sensors are widely used integrated in vehicles, mobile phones, medical devices, etc for navigation, speed, position and angular sensing. These magnetic sensors are potential candidates for space sector applications in which mass, volume and power savings are important issues. This work covers the magnetic technologies available in the marketplace and the steps towards their implementation in space applications, the actual trend of miniaturization the front-end technologies, and the convergence of the mature and miniaturized magnetic sensor to the space sector through the small satellite concept. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerospace Sensor Systems)
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Graphical abstract

2728 KiB  
Review
Thermographic Phosphors for High Temperature Measurements: Principles, Current State of the Art and Recent Applications
by Ashiq Hussain Khalid and Konstantinos Kontis
Sensors 2008, 8(9), 5673-5744; https://doi.org/10.3390/s8095673 - 15 Sep 2008
Cited by 334 | Viewed by 23239
Abstract
This paper reviews the state of phosphor thermometry, focusing on developments in the past 15 years. The fundamental principles and theory are presented, and the various spectral and temporal modes, including the lifetime decay, rise time and intensity ratio, are discussed. The entire [...] Read more.
This paper reviews the state of phosphor thermometry, focusing on developments in the past 15 years. The fundamental principles and theory are presented, and the various spectral and temporal modes, including the lifetime decay, rise time and intensity ratio, are discussed. The entire phosphor measurement system, including relative advantages to conventional methods, choice of phosphors, bonding techniques, excitation sources and emission detection, is reviewed. Special attention is given to issues that may arise at high temperatures. A number of recent developments and applications are surveyed, with examples including: measurements in engines, hypersonic wind tunnel experiments, pyrolysis studies and droplet/spray/gas temperature determination. They show the technique is flexible and successful in measuring temperatures where conventional methods may prove to be unsuitable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerospace Sensor Systems)
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