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Innovative Strategy of MIP Sensors on the Road to Practical Applications

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Special Issue Information
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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 22451

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yasuo Yoshimi

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Guest Editor

Department Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Toyosu, Koto-City, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
Interests: gate effect; graft polymerisation; therapeutic drug monitoring; neuroimaging

Prof. Dr. Sergey A Piletsky

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Guest Editor

Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
Interests: biomimetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs); computational design and molecular modelling; bioanalytical chemistry; nanoparticles for diagnostics and therapeutic applications

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic receptors with affinity which is generated by self-assembling of functional monomers around a template. MIP can be obtained by a simpler and more economic procedure than enzymes or antibodies which requires use of animals and a complex purification process. Thus, MIPs are feasible tool for selective, robust, and economic biomimetic sensors which will supersede traditional enzymatic biosensors and immunosensors. However, a methodology for generating optical or electric signal triggered by interaction between the MIP and template has to be developed because MIP usually does not have catalytic properties, like enzymes. Recent developments in MIP technology have addressed this issue, allowing for first time the creation of sensor devices which can potentially compete with commercial sensors.

This Special Issue expects papers, communications, and reviews reporting and discussing innovative research for applications of MIPS for sensors, specifically:

New strategies for transducing specific interaction into electrical and optical signals;
Development of MIP sensors for practical applications;
Analysis of patents related to the development of MIP sensors.

Prof. Dr. Yasuo Yoshimi
Prof. Dr. Sergey A Piletsky
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)
Chemical or physical properties of MIPs
Transducing methodology
Sensing mechanism in MIP systems
New applications

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 6624 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reagentless Sensing of Vancomycin Using an Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Grafted with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer including Ferrocenyl Group

by Haruto Eguchi, Akihiko Hatano and Yasuo Yoshimi

Sensors 2021, 21(24), 8338; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248338 - 13 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2580

Abstract

Vancomycin (VCM) is a first-line antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a cause of nosocomial infections. Therapeutic drug monitoring is strongly recommended for VCM-based chemotherapy. The authors attempted to develop a simple VCM sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), which can be used with simple operations. Methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylamide, methylenebisacrylamide, and allylamine carboxypropionate-3-ferrocene (ACPF) were copolymerized in the presence of VCM and grafted from the surface of indium-tin oxide (ITO) to obtain MIP-coated electrodes. The MIP-grafted ITO electrode was used for differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements in a buffer solution containing VCM or whole bovine blood. The obtained current depends on the VCM concentration with high linearity. The dynamic range covered the therapeutic range (20–40 μg/mL) of the VCM but was almost insensitive to teicoplanin, which has a similar structure to VCM. The ITO electrodes grafted by the same procedure except for omitting either VCM or APCF were not sensitive to VCM. The sensitivity of the MIP electrodes to VCM in whole blood and buffered saline, but the background current in blood was higher than that in saline. This high background current was also seen in the deproteinized plasma. Thus, the current is probably originated from the oxidation of low molecular weight reducing agents in the blood. The MIP-grafted ITO electrode using ACPF as a functional monomer would be a promising highly selective sensor for real-time monitoring of VCM with proper correction of the background current. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Strategy of MIP Sensors on the Road to Practical Applications)

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17 pages, 6193 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A “Single-Use” Ceramic-Based Electrochemical Sensor Chip Using Molecularly Imprinted Carbon Paste Electrode

by Aaryashree, Yuuto Takeda, Momoe Kanai, Akihiko Hatano, Yasuo Yoshimi and Masahito Kida

Sensors 2020, 20(20), 5847; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20205847 - 16 Oct 2020

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3509

Abstract

An inexpensive disposable electrochemical drug sensor for the detection of drugs (vancomycin, meropenem, theophylline, and phenobarbital) is described. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) templated with the target drugs was immobilized on the surface of graphite particles using a simple radical polymerization method and packed into the working electrode of a three-electrode ceramic-based chip sensor. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to determine the relationship between the response current and the concentration of the targeted drug while using one sensor chip for one single operation. The time required for each DPV measurement was less than 2 min. Concentrations corresponding to the therapeutic range of these drugs in plasma were taken into account while performing DPV. In all the cases, the single-used MIP sensor showed higher sensitivity and linearity than non-imprinted polymer. The selectivity test in drugs with a structure similar to that of the target drugs was performed, and it was found that MIP-based sensors were more selective than the untreated ones. Additionally, the test in whole blood showed that the presence of interfering species had an insignificant effect on the diagnostic responses of the sensor. These results demonstrate that the disposable MIP-sensor is promising for quick and straightforward therapeutic drug monitoring to prevent the toxic side effects and the insufficient therapeutic effect due to the overdose and underdose, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Strategy of MIP Sensors on the Road to Practical Applications)

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20 pages, 2050 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Membranes and Smartphone for Detection of Fusarium Contamination in Cereals

by Tetyana Sergeyeva, Daria Yarynka, Larysa Dubey, Igor Dubey, Elena Piletska, Rostyslav Linnik, Maksym Antonyuk, Tamara Ternovska, Oleksandr Brovko, Sergey Piletsky and Anna El’skaya

Sensors 2020, 20(15), 4304; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154304 - 1 Aug 2020

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3584

Abstract

The combination of the generic mobile technology and inherent stability, versatility and cost-effectiveness of the synthetic receptors allows producing optical sensors for potentially any analyte of interest, and, therefore, to qualify as a platform technology for a fast routine analysis of a large number of contaminated samples. To support this statement, we present here a novel miniature sensor based on a combination of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membranes and a smartphone, which could be used for the point-of-care detection of an important food contaminant, oestrogen-like toxin zearalenone associated with Fusarium contamination of cereals. The detection is based on registration of natural fluorescence of zearalenone using a digital smartphone camera after it binds to the sensor recognition element. The recorded image is further processed using a mobile application. It shows here a first example of the zearalenone-specific MIP membranes synthesised in situ using “dummy template”-based approach with cyclododecyl 2, 4-dihydroxybenzoate as the template and 1-allylpiperazine as a functional monomer. The novel smartphone sensor system based on optimized MIP membranes provides zearalenone detection in cereal samples within the range of 1–10 µg mL⁻¹ demonstrating a detection limit of 1 µg mL⁻¹ in a direct sensing mode. In order to reach the level of sensitivity required for practical application, a competitive sensing mode is also developed. It is based on application of a highly-fluorescent structural analogue of zearalenone (2-[(pyrene-l-carbonyl) amino]ethyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate) which is capable to compete with the target mycotoxin for the binding to zearalenone-selective sites in the membrane’s structure. The competitive mode increases 100 times the sensor’s sensitivity and allows detecting zearalenone at 10 ng mL⁻¹. The linear dynamic range in this case comprised 10–100 ng mL⁻¹. The sensor system is tested and found effective for zearalenone detection in maize, wheat and rye flour samples both spiked and naturally contaminated. The developed MIP membrane-based smartphone sensor system is an example of a novel, inexpensive tool for food quality analysis, which is portable and can be used for the “field” measurements and easily translated into the practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Strategy of MIP Sensors on the Road to Practical Applications)

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Review

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23 pages, 2826 KiB

Open AccessReview

Molecular Imprinted Polymers Coupled to Photonic Structures in Biosensors: The State of Art

by Andrea Chiappini, Laura Pasquardini and Alessandra Maria Bossi

Sensors 2020, 20(18), 5069; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185069 - 7 Sep 2020

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 4751

Abstract

Optical sensing, taking advantage of the variety of available optical structures, is a rapidly expanding area. Over recent years, whispering gallery mode resonators, photonic crystals, optical waveguides, optical fibers and surface plasmon resonance have been exploited to devise different optical sensing configurations. In the present review, we report on the state of the art of optical sensing devices based on the aforementioned optical structures and on synthetic receptors prepared by means of the molecular imprinting technology. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are polymeric receptors, cheap and robust, with high affinity and selectivity, prepared by a template assisted synthesis. The state of the art of the MIP functionalized optical structures is critically discussed, highlighting the key progresses that enabled the achievement of improved sensing performances, the merits and the limits both in MIP synthetic strategies and in MIP coupling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Strategy of MIP Sensors on the Road to Practical Applications)

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23 pages, 3702 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

How Reliable Is the Electrochemical Readout of MIP Sensors?

by Aysu Yarman and Frieder W. Scheller

Sensors 2020, 20(9), 2677; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092677 - 8 May 2020

Cited by 52 | Viewed by 6222

Abstract

Electrochemical methods offer the simple characterization of the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the readouts of target binding. The binding of electroinactive analytes can be detected indirectly by their modulating effect on the diffusional permeability of a redox marker through thin MIP films. However, this process generates an overall signal, which may include nonspecific interactions with the nonimprinted surface and adsorption at the electrode surface in addition to (specific) binding to the cavities. Redox-active low-molecular-weight targets and metalloproteins enable a more specific direct quantification of their binding to MIPs by measuring the faradaic current. The in situ characterization of enzymes, MIP-based mimics of redox enzymes or enzyme-labeled targets, is based on the indication of an electroactive product. This approach allows the determination of both the activity of the bio(mimetic) catalyst and of the substrate concentration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Strategy of MIP Sensors on the Road to Practical Applications)

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