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Processes
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Combustion and Emission Performance of Internal Combustion Engines
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Combustion and Emission Performance of Internal Combustion Engines

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2023) | Viewed by 8394

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dezhi Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: combustion engines; soot; reacting flow
Dr. Jing Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
Interests: dual-fuel engines; biofuels; chemical kinetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As internal combustion (IC) engines will remain as one of the major energy conversion and power devices in the foreseeable future, developing advanced IC engines to achieve high efficiency and low emissions is of paramount significance. While new combustion modes and after-treatment strategies have been proposed to achieve high efficiency and low emissions, the complexity of physical processes involved in IC engines, including turbulence, chemical kinetics, spray and particle formation pose challenges in understanding combustion and emission processes in IC engines and in further improving combustion/emission performance. Therefore, the key to advancing IC engines to a highly efficient and low-emission future is a deeper understanding of the combustion and emission formation processes.

The scope of Processes covers research in chemistry, biology, materials and allied engineering fields. This Special Issue will focus on publishing original works on the combustion and emission performance of internal combustion engines, including fundamental investigations on the flow, spray, combustion and emission formation processes in IC engines, as well as the application of new combustion modes, low-carbon fuels and emission reduction technologies. The aim is to report the state-of-the-art in relevant research topics and highlight recent advances in IC engines to optimize combustion and reduce emissions. Topics of interest for this Special Issue include but are not limited to:

  • Fuel spray and atomization processes;
  • Soot formation and evolution processes;
  • Low-carbon fuels;
  • Ignition and combustion;
  • Chemical kinetics and mechanism reduction;
  • Numerical methods and simulations;
  • Laser diagnostics for combustion characteristics;
  • New combustion modes;
  • Exhaust after-treatment;
  • Engine knock.

Dr. Dezhi Zhou
Dr. Jing Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • internal combustion engines
  • combustion and emissions
  • low-carbon fuels
  • soot
  • spray and atomization
  • new combustion modes

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 13389 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on the Performance-Influencing Factors of an Aviation Heavy-Oil Two-Stroke Direct-Injection Ignition Engine
by Bo Lu, Taixue Bei, Rui Liu, Na Liu, Ying Luo and Yuchen Liu
Processes 2022, 10(12), 2646; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122646 - 8 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1321
Abstract
To study the influence of control parameters under cold-start and low-load conditions on the performance of a heavy-oil, two-stroke, direct-injection, ignition engine for use in aviation, the operation of a two-stroke, direct-injection engine was studied in a bench test. The results were as [...] Read more.
To study the influence of control parameters under cold-start and low-load conditions on the performance of a heavy-oil, two-stroke, direct-injection, ignition engine for use in aviation, the operation of a two-stroke, direct-injection engine was studied in a bench test. The results were as follows: ① When the ambient temperature is 15 °C, the battery voltage is 12.4 V, and the peak speed of the starting motor is 1200 r/min. As the concentration factor increases, the cold-start speed increases, and the fuel consumption increases. The influence on the cold start is reduced after reaching a certain concentration. The cold-start time decreases with the increasing magnetization pulse width. The cold-start time is the shortest at an oil–gas interval of 6 ms. ② Under small-load conditions of 3000 r/min and 14% to 16% throttle, a higher ignition energy increases the engine power. Pollutant emissions are the lowest when the fuel injection is 7.5 mg and the excess air coefficient is approximately 1.1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combustion and Emission Performance of Internal Combustion Engines)
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12 pages, 4057 KiB  
Article
Molecular Dynamics Simulation on the Pyrolysis Process of PODE3-5
by Qiren Zhu, Fang Wang, Jie-Yao Lyu, Yang Li, Dongping Chen and Wenming Yang
Processes 2022, 10(11), 2378; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112378 - 12 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1482
Abstract
This paper investigates the pyrolysis of PODEn (n = 3, 4, 5) using ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation. A large-scale model, which contains 2000 PODEn molecules, is simulated at 3000 K. The higher frequencies of the initial PODEn decomposition reaction at α or [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the pyrolysis of PODEn (n = 3, 4, 5) using ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation. A large-scale model, which contains 2000 PODEn molecules, is simulated at 3000 K. The higher frequencies of the initial PODEn decomposition reaction at α or β C-O bond show that the α or β C-O bond in PODEn is not easy to break, which is approximately half the number of the other type of C-O bond dissociation. Furthermore, the bond dissociation energies (BDEs) are calculated using the ReaxFF method. The BDE of α or β C-O bond is higher than that of the other C-O bond, ~3–11 kcal/mol, indicating that BDE is one of the factors causing the different proportions of bonds broken. The evolution of pyrolysis products is also investigated. The results reveal that long-chain pyrolysis products from the initial PODEn decomposition are prone to further reaction, while a large amount of CH3O and CH3 remains in the system. This helps explain the difficulty in α and β C-O bond dissociation reactions. The results of the pyrolysis products are consistent with the result in further chemical kinetic simulation. The C2 species in pyrolysis products is relatively low, especially for C2H4 and C2H3, which is around zero. This supports the ability of PODEn to reduce soot emission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combustion and Emission Performance of Internal Combustion Engines)
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15 pages, 5192 KiB  
Article
Effects of Low Pressure Injection on Fuel Atomization and Mixture Formation for Heavy Fuel Engines
by Rui Liu, Kaisheng Huang, Yuan Qiao, Haocheng Ji, Lingfeng Zhong and Hao Wu
Processes 2022, 10(11), 2276; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112276 - 3 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1915
Abstract
The application of direct injection (DI) technology can effectively improve the atomization effect of heavy fuel to reduce the fuel loss of heavy fuel engines (HFE). The fuel spray characteristics directly affect the combustion performance of the engine. To investigate the atomization process [...] Read more.
The application of direct injection (DI) technology can effectively improve the atomization effect of heavy fuel to reduce the fuel loss of heavy fuel engines (HFE). The fuel spray characteristics directly affect the combustion performance of the engine. To investigate the atomization process and evaporation characteristics of heavy fuel in-cylinder for an air-assisted direct injection (AADI) engine, a simulation calculation model of AADI HFE was established with the use of a computational fluid dynamics tool. The air-assisted injector model and the one-dimensional performance calculation model were verified by test data. The influences of injection timing and injection pressure on the spray characteristics and mixture formation in the engine cylinder were discussed. The results show that the mixture concentration distribution is uniform after the injection timing is advanced, and the mass fraction of the fuel evaporation increases. The earlier injection timing can provide the fuel with sufficient time to evaporate, while the later injection timing will result in increasing the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the fuel droplets, and the unevaporated heavy fuel in the combustion chamber tends to become concentrated. With the increase in air injection pressure, the distribution of the mixed gas in the cylinder becomes uniform, and the SMD of the fuel droplets in the cylinder decreases. When the injection pressure is 0.65 MPa and 0.75 MPa, the difference between the SMD of the fuel droplets in-cylinder decreases, and a favorable fuel atomization effect can be maintained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combustion and Emission Performance of Internal Combustion Engines)
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19 pages, 8584 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation of the Knocking Combustion Characteristics of the N-Butanol/N-Octanol RCCI Engine
by Jing Li, Dajian Wang, Cong Zhuang, Shiqi Gong and Songhong Li
Processes 2022, 10(10), 2142; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10102142 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1246
Abstract
The n-butanol/n-octanol fueled reactivity-controlled compression ignition engine was numerically studied based on the KIVA-CHEMKIN code. First, the knocking combustion characteristics were analyzed while functioning with a premixed n-butanol percentage of 20% (B20), since it exhibited the most severe knocking. Ten local regions were [...] Read more.
The n-butanol/n-octanol fueled reactivity-controlled compression ignition engine was numerically studied based on the KIVA-CHEMKIN code. First, the knocking combustion characteristics were analyzed while functioning with a premixed n-butanol percentage of 20% (B20), since it exhibited the most severe knocking. Ten local regions were monitored to obtain local data, such as pressure and heat release rate. The local pressure oscillation was quantified by a band-pass filter. Second, the premixed n-butanol percentage and the intake valve close (IVC) timing were varied to investigate their effects on the combustion characteristics and emissions formations, as well as their potential for mitigating knocking. The results showed that a strong pressure oscillation was observed for B20 near the cylinder wall, which indicates severe knocking. This consequence is mainly caused by the low-temperature combustion of the n-octanol/n-butanol/air mixture near the cylinder-wall region. Increasing premixed n-butanol percentage and retarding IVC timing could result in an extended ignition delay, lowered peak pressure, and reduced maximum pressure rise rate (PRR). Condition B80 with an IVC timing of −126 °ATDC could improve the indicated mean effective pressure by 11.7% and reduce the maximum PRR by 63.4% when compared to condition B20. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combustion and Emission Performance of Internal Combustion Engines)
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18 pages, 8458 KiB  
Article
Effects of Injection Timing and Injection Volume on the Combustion and Emissions of a Two-Stroke Kerosene Direct Injection Engine
by Taixue Bei, Bo Lu, Rui Liu, Junhui Huang and Bing Zhang
Processes 2022, 10(9), 1728; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10091728 - 31 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1607
Abstract
To study the influence of injection time and injection volume on the working process of a two-stroke kerosene direct injection engine, an experimental study was carried out on an improved two-stroke inline three-cylinder gasoline engine, combined with calculations and analysis with GT-POWER and [...] Read more.
To study the influence of injection time and injection volume on the working process of a two-stroke kerosene direct injection engine, an experimental study was carried out on an improved two-stroke inline three-cylinder gasoline engine, combined with calculations and analysis with GT-POWER and AVL FIRE software. The results showed that when the injection end angle increased from 50° to 70° before the top dead center (BTDC), the average pressure and temperature in the cylinder increased rapidly, the peak value of pressure and temperature and the cumulative heat release increased, and the combustion process in the cylinder was more sufficient. The fuel injection volume was set to 7.5 mg, 8 mg, and 8.5 mg. With increasing fuel injection volume, the average pressure and average temperature first increased and then decreased, the peak value gradually increased, the heat release rate and cumulative heat release increased sharply, the corresponding time gradually advanced, and the peak value gradually increased. With increasing fuel injection volume, CO, NO, and soot gradually increased, while CO2 slightly decreased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combustion and Emission Performance of Internal Combustion Engines)
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