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Advancements in Fiber Bragg Grating Research II

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A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 12413

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Wen Fung Liu

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
Interests: fiber Bragg grating; jogging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following the discovery of fiber photosensitivity by Hill and coworkers in 1978, one of the most important fiber components, called the fiber Bragg grating, was developed with the function of fiber mirrors. Up to now, fiber Bragg gratings with many kinds of gratings have become commercial products, such as uniform fiber gratings, apodized fiber gratings, chirped fiber gratings, superstructure fiber gratings etc. They are regarded as a core element to be applied in wide-raging fields of optical fiber communications, fiber lasers, fiber optics and fiber sensing systems. Fiber-grating-based sensors with many advantages (small size, light weight, immunity to electromagnetic fields, electrical insulation, stability, flexibility, durability, high-temperature tolerance in fiber sensing networks) have been recognized as very important, with the highest potential due to the integration with optical fibers and a large number of fiber-device functions. By means of special packaging designs, different coating materials or fiber processing techniques in fiber gratings, advanced grating-based sensors can be further developed for measuring many different physical parameters of temperature, strain, humidity, index, vibration, bending etc. for a wide range of applications. This Special Issue of Photonics is focused on this subject. Manuscripts will include, but not be limited to, the following topics:

Fiber sensors;
Fiber-grating-based sensors;
Fiber grating theoretical analysis and simulation;
Fiber grating applications;
Fiber grating design and fabrication;
Fiber grating thermal-decay characterization;
Fiber grating processing techniques.

Prof. Dr. Wen Fung Liu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Fiber sensors
Fiber Bragg gratings
Fiber grating sensors

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1654 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Utilizing a Tunable Delay Line Interferometer to Improve the Sensing Accuracy of an FBG Sensor System

by Erfan Dejband, Cheng-Kai Yao, Yibeltal Chanie Manie, Po-Yang Huang, Hao-Kuan Lee, Tan-Hsu Tan and Peng-Chun Peng

Photonics 2022, 9(11), 869; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110869 - 17 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1965

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel sensing system based on a tunable delay line interferometer. The tunable delay line interferometer has been used to interpret strain, bringing us high accuracy as well as tunability. The shifted wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor caused by the applied strain can be visualized by an optical power meter (OPM) instead of an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) by converting it to a power change using a tunable delay line interferometer (TDI). Different free spectral ranges (FSRs) are assigned to the TDI to investigate the accuracy and operation range of the proposed system. Thus, we achieve high accuracy and sensitivity by adjusting the FSR to 0.47 nm. Experimental results show that the maximum output power variation corresponding to a strain of 10 με is about 0.9 dB when the FSR is set to 0.47 nm. The proposed system is also cost-effective regarding the equipment utilized for interrogation: a tunable delay line interferometer and an optical power meter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Fiber Bragg Grating Research II)

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11 pages, 2644 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New Type of Etched Fiber Grating Hydrophone

by Wen-Fung Liu, Jia-Guan Li, Hung-Ying Chang, Ming-Yue Fu and Chi-Fang Chen

Photonics 2022, 9(4), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9040255 - 11 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2355

Abstract

We propose a new type of fiber hydrophone composed of an etched fiber Bragg grating and a special packaging structure for detecting acoustic waves in the low-frequency band under water. The operating mechanism is based on the mechanical vibration of the fiber Bragg grating from the induced vibrating stress of acoustic pressure. The induced pressure of acoustic waves pushes the silicone rubber thin film, causing its vibration and then stretching the fiber Bragg grating, thus resulting in the grating wavelength shift which is overlapped with a tunable laser. The variation in the overlapped light intensity is transferred to an electrical signal by using a photodetector. From the experimental results, we can determine that the smaller the fiber diameter, the higher the sensitivity and frequency response. In order to confirm that this FBG hydrophone has the ability to work in high-frequency acoustic waves, this fiber grating hydrophone and a standard piezoelectric hydrophone are experimentally compared to in the same test conditions in the frequency range from 4 to 10 kHz. According to the experimental results, the fiber grating hydrophone has better responsivity than that of the conventional hydrophone. Due to the unique sensing structure design, this wide-band fiber hydrophone can be useful in long-term continuous monitoring of acoustic waves. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Fiber Bragg Grating Research II)

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8 pages, 1819 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

A Low-Frequency Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings

by Jeson Chen, Si-Yu Huang, Cheng-Yu Lin and Wen-Fung Liu

Photonics 2022, 9(2), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9020102 - 11 Feb 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2069

Abstract

A new type of low-frequency magnetic-field sensor based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) was experimentally demonstrated for measuring the DC to low-frequency magnetic field. The operating mechanism of this AC magnetic sensor is based on the strain exerted by a loaded magnet on the sensing structure, which causes center-wavelength shifts of FBG. The achieved sensitivity was 8.16 pm/G with a resolution of 3 Gauss at ambient conditions. The proposed FBG magnetic sensor is easy to use, compact, and suitable for DC to low-frequency magnetic sensing applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Fiber Bragg Grating Research II)

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Review

Jump to: Research

30 pages, 9961 KiB

Open AccessReview

Photonic-Assisted Receivers for Instantaneous Microwave Frequency Measurement Based on Discriminators of Resonance Type

by Alexander Ivanov, Oleg Morozov, Airat Sakhabutdinov, Artem Kuznetsov and Ilnur Nureev

Photonics 2022, 9(10), 754; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100754 - 11 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2043

Abstract

Photonic-assisted receivers for instantaneous microwave frequency measurement are devices used to measure the instantaneous frequency and amplitude of one or more microwave signals in the optical range, typically used in radar systems. Increasingly higher demands are placed on frequency range, accuracy and resolution during the development of instantaneous microwave frequency measurement applications, and these demands can be satisfied by the creation of new devices and operating principles. To permit further development in this area, it is necessary to generalize the experience gained during the development of devices based on frequency and amplitude discriminators of resonance type, including advanced ones with the best performances. Thus, in this report, we provide an overview of all the basic types of approaches used for the realization of photonic-assisted receivers based on fiber Bragg gratings, integrated Fano and optical ring resonators, Brillouin gain spectrum, and so on. The principles of their operation, as well as their associated advantages, disadvantages, and existing solutions to identified problems, are examined in detail. The presented approaches could be of value and interest to those working in the field of microwave photonics and radar systems, as we propose an original method for choosing photonic-assisted receivers appropriate for the characterization of multiple frequency measurements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Fiber Bragg Grating Research II)

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45 pages, 17409 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Phase-Inserted Fiber Gratings and Their Applications to Optical Filtering, Optical Signal Processing, and Optical Sensing: Review

by Chengliang Zhu, Lei Wang and Hongpu Li

Photonics 2022, 9(4), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9040271 - 18 Apr 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3374

Abstract

Phase-inserted fiber gratings (PI-FGs) refer to those gratings where there exist a number of the phase-shifts (spatial spacing) among different sections (or local periods) of the gratings themselves. All the PI-FGs developed to date can mainly be divided into three categories: phase-shifted gratings, phase-only sampled gratings, and phase-modulated gratings, of which the utilized gratings could be either the Bragg ones (FBGs) or the long-period ones (LPGs). As results of the proposed the PI-FGs where the numbers, quantities, and positions of the inserted phases along the fiber direction are optimally selected, PI-FGs have already been designed and used as various complex filters such as the ultra-narrow filters, the triangular (edge) filters, the high channel-count filters, and the flat-top band-pass/band-stop filters, which, however, are extremely difficult or even impossible to be realized by using the ordinary fiber gratings. In this paper, we have briefly but fully reviewed the past and recent advances on PI-FGs, in which the principles and design methods, the corresponding fabrication techniques, and applications of the different PI-FGs to the fields of optical filtering, optical signal processing, and optical sensing, etc., have been highlighted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Fiber Bragg Grating Research II)

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