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Pathogens
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Newcastle Disease Vaccines: Current Research and Future Trends
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Newcastle Disease Vaccines: Current Research and Future Trends

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines and Therapeutic Developments".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 15819

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Siba K. Samal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
Interests: Biology of economically important animal viruses; Viral diseases of poultry; Vaccine development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Newcastle disease (ND) is a major limiting factor for poultry production in many countries. Vaccination of flocks is considered an effective way to control ND. Both live-attenuated and killed vaccines have been used for more than 70 years. However, these vaccines are not completely satisfactory. Available vaccines induce protection against clinical disease, but they do not prevent infection and virus shedding, which may lead to spread of the virus to other birds. Therefore, there is a great need to improve current ND vaccines. Although all NDV strains belong to a single serotype, there is antigenic variation among NDV strains. There are reports of vaccine failure in many NDV enzootic areas. It is thought that this might be due to inadequate immunity as a result of antigenic differences between the vaccine strains and the circulating field strains. Studies have also shown that antigen-matched ND vaccines provide better protection than antigen-mismatched ND vaccines. In this exciting era of NDV reverse genetics, it is possible to design improved recombinant ND vaccines. However, despite extensive research an optimal ND vaccine is not yet available. This Special Issue will equally value evaluations of currently available ND vaccines and new innovative ND vaccines. Any new approach that can improve ND vaccination in the field is welcome.

Prof. Dr. Siba K. Samal
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Newcastle disease
  • Poultry disease
  • Newcastle disease virus
  • Avian paramyxovirus type 1
  • Avian avulavirus 1
  • Newcastle disease vaccine
  • Genotype-matched vaccine
  • Poultry vaccine
  • Vaccine efficacy
  • Viral shedding
  • Recombinant vaccine.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3729 KiB  
Article
Characterization of an MLP Homologue from Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) Ticks
by Jin Luo, Hui Shen, Qiaoyun Ren, Guiquan Guan, Bo Zhao, Hong Yin, Ronggui Chen, Hongying Zhao, Jianxun Luo, Xiangrui Li and Guangyuan Liu
Pathogens 2020, 9(4), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9040284 - 14 Apr 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2012
Abstract
Members of the cysteine-rich protein (CRP) family are known to participate in muscle development in vertebrates. Muscle LIM protein (MLP) belongs to the CRP family and has an important function in the differentiation and proliferation of muscle cells. In this study, the full-length [...] Read more.
Members of the cysteine-rich protein (CRP) family are known to participate in muscle development in vertebrates. Muscle LIM protein (MLP) belongs to the CRP family and has an important function in the differentiation and proliferation of muscle cells. In this study, the full-length cDNA encoding MLP from Haemaphysalis longicornis (H. longicornis; HLMLP) ticks was obtained by 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). To verify the transcriptional status of MLP in ticks, HLMLP gene expression was assessed during various developmental stages by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Interestingly, HLMLP expression in the integument was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that observed in other tested tissues of engorged adult ticks. In addition, HLMLP mRNA levels were significantly downregulated in response to thermal stress at 4 °C for 48 h. Furthermore, recombinant HLMLP was expressed in Escherichia coli, and Western blot analysis showed that rabbit antiserum against H. longicornis adults recognized HLMLP and MLPs from different ticks. Ten 3-month-old rabbits that had never been exposed to ticks were used for the immunization and challenge experiments. The rabbits were divided into two groups of five rabbits each, where rabbits in the first group were immunized with HLMLP, while those in the second group were immunized with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) diluent as controls. The vaccination of rabbits with the recombinant HLMLP conferred partial protective immunity against ticks, resulting in 20.00% mortality and a 17.44% reduction in the engorgement weight of adult ticks. These results suggest that HLMLP is not ideal as a candidate for use in anti-tick vaccines. However, the results of this study generated novel information on the MLP gene in H. longicornis and provide a basis for further investigation of the function of this gene that could potentially lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of myofiber determination and transformation Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Newcastle Disease Vaccines: Current Research and Future Trends)
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21 pages, 1647 KiB  
Article
Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Expressing Sigma C Protein of Avian Reovirus (ARV) Protects against Both ARV and NDV in Chickens
by Deep Prakash Saikia, Kalpana Yadav, Dinesh C. Pathak, Narayan Ramamurthy, Ajai Lawrence D’Silva, Asok Kumar Marriappan, Saravanan Ramakrishnan, Vikram N. Vakharia, Madhan Mohan Chellappa and Sohini Dey
Pathogens 2019, 8(3), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8030145 - 10 Sep 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5140
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) and avian reovirus (ARV) infections are a serious threat to the poultry industry, which causes heavy economic losses. The mesogenic NDV strain R2B is commonly used as a booster vaccine in many Asian countries to control the disease. In this [...] Read more.
Newcastle disease (ND) and avian reovirus (ARV) infections are a serious threat to the poultry industry, which causes heavy economic losses. The mesogenic NDV strain R2B is commonly used as a booster vaccine in many Asian countries to control the disease. In this seminal work, a recombinant NDV strain R2B expressing the sigma C (σC) gene of ARV (rNDV-R2B-σC) was generated by reverse genetics, characterized in vitro and tested as a bivalent vaccine candidate in chickens. The recombinant rNDV-R2B-σC virus was attenuated as compared to the parent rNDV-R2B virus as revealed by standard pathogenicity assays. The generated vaccine candidate, rNDV-R2B-σC, could induce both humoral and cell mediated immune responses in birds and gave complete protection against virulent NDV and ARV challenges. Post-challenge virus shedding analysis revealed a drastic reduction in NDV shed, as compared to unvaccinated birds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Newcastle Disease Vaccines: Current Research and Future Trends)
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Review

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8 pages, 460 KiB  
Review
Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for SARS-CoV-2
by Edris Shirvani and Siba K. Samal
Pathogens 2020, 9(8), 619; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080619 - 29 Jul 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4959
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 16 million infections and more than 600,000 deaths worldwide. There is an urgent need to develop a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, several strategies are being [...] Read more.
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 16 million infections and more than 600,000 deaths worldwide. There is an urgent need to develop a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, several strategies are being pursued to develop a safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, each vaccine strategy has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is important to evaluate multiple vaccine platforms to select the most efficient vaccine platform for SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian virus, has several well-suited properties for development of a vector vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we elaborate on the idea of considering NDV as a vaccine vector for SARS-CoV-2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Newcastle Disease Vaccines: Current Research and Future Trends)
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Other

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14 pages, 4031 KiB  
Brief Report
Cellular MicroRNA Expression Profile of Chicken Macrophages Infected with Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Strain LaSota
by Jiaqi Mu, Xinxin Liu, Xibing Yu, Junjiao Li, Yidong Fei, Zhuang Ding and Renfu Yin
Pathogens 2019, 8(3), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8030123 - 9 Aug 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3202
Abstract
Vaccines with live, low-virulence Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains are still the most accepted prevention and control strategies for combating Newcastle disease (ND), a major viral disease that hampers the development of the poultry industry worldwide. However, the mechanism underlying vaccine-mediated innate cell [...] Read more.
Vaccines with live, low-virulence Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains are still the most accepted prevention and control strategies for combating Newcastle disease (ND), a major viral disease that hampers the development of the poultry industry worldwide. However, the mechanism underlying vaccine-mediated innate cell immune responses remains unclear. Here, a high-throughput Illumina sequencing approach was employed to determine cellular miRNA expression profiles in chicken macrophages infected with the LaSota virus, a widely used vaccine strain for mass vaccination programs against ND in poultry. Compared to the control group, 112 and 115 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified at 24 hpi (hours post inoculation) and 48 hpi, respectively. Meanwhile, 174 DE miRNAs were identified between 24 hpi and 48 hpi. Furthermore, 12 upregulated and 6 downregulated DE miRNAs were observed in common at 24 and 48 hpi compared with 0 hpi. In addition, target prediction and functional analysis of these DE miRNAs revealed significant enrichment for several signaling pathways, especially in the immune-related genes and pathways, such as the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Our findings not only lay the foundations for further investigating the roles and regulatory mechanisms of miRNA in vaccine-mediated innate cellular immune responses, but also extend new insights into the interactions between the host and NDV infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Newcastle Disease Vaccines: Current Research and Future Trends)
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