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Pathogens
Special Issues
COVID-19: Antibody-Antigen Interactions of SARS-CoV-2
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COVID-19: Antibody-Antigen Interactions of SARS-CoV-2

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 4731

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Meng Yuan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Interests: HIV-1; SARS-CoV-2; antibody; virology; structural biology; X-ray crystallography; coronavirus; pathogen-host interaction; food safety
Dr. Xueyong Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Interests: structural biology; crystal structure; influenza virus; hemagglutinin; neuraminidase; antibody; coronavirus; antibody-antigen interaction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For more than a year, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in enormous global health and socioeconomic damage. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins have been proved to be therapeutic and/or vaccine targets. Understanding the antibody–antigen interactions of all antigens to SARS-CoV-2 is a key to conquering the ongoing crisis and will provide invaluable insights into the designing of vaccines, therapeutic reagents, and diagnostic tools. Since SARS-CoV-2 has mutated where several variants of concern impact the virus’s infectivity and immune response, studies of specific and broad antibody recognition against SARS-CoV-2, its variants, as well as other coronaviruses, are necessary to help with fighting against its immune evasion.

Both original research and review articles are welcomed. Potential topics include but are not limited to:

  • Antibody–antigen interactions of SARS-CoV-2;
  • Coronavirus vaccine design;
  • Studies of COVID-19 antibody treatments;
  • Studies of SARS-CoV-2 variants and mutations;
  • Antibody diagnosis development of SARS-CoV-2.

Dr. Meng Yuan
Dr. Xueyong Zhu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • coronavirus
  • antibody-antigen interaction
  • antibodies
  • epitope
  • Spike (S) protein
  • receptor-binding domain (RBD)
  • S1 domain
  • S2 domain
  • ACE2
  • Nucleocapsid (N) protein
  • Envelope (E) protein
  • Membrane (M) protein
  • variants of concern
  • antigenic drift
  • escape mutant
  • immune evasion
  • vaccine design
  • diagnosis
  • structural biology
  • biophysics
  • immunology
  • epidemiology

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 2699 KiB  
Article
Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19: A Single Center Prospective Experience with Serial Antibody Measurements and Review of the Literature
by Sonia N. Whang, Vivek D. Shah, Lu Pu, Parthiv Sheth, Gina N. Lucas, Joanne Lee, Michael Lee, Curtis Lacy, Penelope J. Duerksen-Hughes, Valeri Filippov, David J. H. Lee, Jennifer Veltman, Kanwaljeet Maken, Mark E. Reeves, Wesley Tait Stevens, Paul Herrmann, Huynh Cao and Eric Lau
Pathogens 2022, 11(9), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11090958 - 23 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1849
Abstract
Background: High-titer convalescent plasma given early for COVID-19 may decrease progression into a severe infection. Here, we reported a study of serial antibody measurements in patients who received CP at our center and performed a systematic review of randomized trials on CP. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: High-titer convalescent plasma given early for COVID-19 may decrease progression into a severe infection. Here, we reported a study of serial antibody measurements in patients who received CP at our center and performed a systematic review of randomized trials on CP. Methods: Our center participated in the Mayo Clinic Expanded Access Program for COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction at our center between April and August 2020 were included in the study if staffing was available for specimen collection. Through a colloidal gold immunochromatography assay, these patients’ IgM and IgG antibody responses were measured at baseline (Day 0) and after transfusion (Day 1, 2, etc.). Donor CP antibody levels were measured as well. Results: 110 serum specimens were obtained from 21 COVID-19 patients, 16 of whom received CP. The median time from developing symptoms to receiving CP was 11 days (range 4–21). In 9 of 14 (64%) cases where both recipient and donor CP antibody levels were tested, donor COVID-19 IgG was lower than that of the recipient. Higher donor antibody levels compared with the recipient (R = 0.71, p < 0.01) and low patient IgG before CP transfusion (p = 0.0108) correlated with increasing patient IgG levels from baseline to Day 1. Among all patients, an increased COVID-19 IgG in the short-term and longitudinally was positively correlated with improved clinical outcomes (ρ = 0.69, p = 0.003 and ρ = 0.58, p < 0.006, respectively). Conclusions: In a real-world setting where donor CP was not screened for the presence of antibodies, CP in donors might have less COVID-19 IgG than in recipients. An increase in patient antibody levels in the short term and longitudinally was associated with improved clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19: Antibody-Antigen Interactions of SARS-CoV-2)
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8 pages, 1470 KiB  
Article
Prescription of Anti-Spike Monoclonal Antibodies in COVID-19 Patients with Resistant SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Italy
by Daniele Focosi and Marco Tuccori
Pathogens 2022, 11(8), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080823 - 22 Jul 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2329
Abstract
Anti-Spike monoclonal antibodies have been considered a promising approach to COVID-19 therapy. Unfortunately, the advent of resistant lineages jeopardized their effectiveness and prompted limitations in their clinical use. Change in the dominant variant can be fast to such an extent that, in the [...] Read more.
Anti-Spike monoclonal antibodies have been considered a promising approach to COVID-19 therapy. Unfortunately, the advent of resistant lineages jeopardized their effectiveness and prompted limitations in their clinical use. Change in the dominant variant can be fast to such an extent that, in the absence of timely medical education, prescribers can keep using these drugs for relatively long periods even in patients with resistant variants. Therefore, many patients could have been exposed to drugs with unlikely benefits and probable risks. We show here that about 20% of bamlanivimab+etesevimab, 30% of casirivimab+imdevimab, and 30% of sotrovimab courses were administered in Italy during periods in which a fully resistant variant was dominant. Additionally, for monoclonal antibody cocktails, the vast majority of usage occurred against variants for which one of the mAbs within the cocktail was ineffective. Given the high costs of these drugs and their potential side effects, it would be important to consider a frequent review of the appropriateness of these drugs and timely communication when the benefit/risk balance is no longer favorable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19: Antibody-Antigen Interactions of SARS-CoV-2)
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