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Membranes
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Flexible Membranes for Batteries and Supercapacitor Applications
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Flexible Membranes for Batteries and Supercapacitor Applications

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2021) | Viewed by 17527

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Olga Evgenevna Glukhova

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Physics, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov 410012, Russia
2. Institute for bionic technologies and engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, bld. 2-4, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya street, Moscow 119991, Russia
Interests: nanoelectronics; mechanics of nanostructures; molecular modeling of nanostructures and biosystems; quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics; carbon nanostructures (fullerenes, nanotubes, graphene, graphane); condensed matter physics; materials science – biomaterials; biophysics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is a growing demand for flexible energy storage devices because of their potential applications in portable electronic devices, roll-up displays, and wearable systems for personal multimedia devices. Currently, the main sources of energy for portable electronics are lithium-ion batteries for high energy densities or supercapacitors for high power densities.

To improve battery safety, there is a need to research and develop fully flexible solid polymer electrolyte membranes, which in turn must have good ionic conductivity to ensure efficient battery performance. The research and development of less-studied but effective ion exchange membranes for supercapacitors (e.g., proton exchange membranes (PEM) and anionic hydroxide exchange membranes (AEM)) also requires improved scalable synthesis techniques, manufacturing techniques, and understanding of fundamental physical processes. The development of high-performance flexible batteries and supercapacitors relies heavily on innovative materials that have good electrical and mechanical properties.

The Special Issue "Flexible Membranes for Batteries and Supercapacitors" is devoted to fundamental research on the ion transfer process of flexible membranes and the problems of synthesis, development, and technologies for creating polymers for obtaining membranes of electrochemical energy sources.

Prof. Dr. Olga Evgenevna Glukhova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 189 KiB  
Editorial
Flexible Membranes for Batteries and Supercapacitor Applications
by Olga Glukhova
Membranes 2022, 12(6), 583; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12060583 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1229
Abstract
Modern portable electronic devices, roll-up displays and wearable systems for personal multimedia devices require flexible energy storage devices [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible Membranes for Batteries and Supercapacitor Applications)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

15 pages, 3706 KiB  
Article
Wearable Crop Sensor Based on Nano-Graphene Oxide for Noninvasive Real-Time Monitoring of Plant Water
by Denghua Li, Ganqiong Li, Jianzheng Li and Shiwei Xu
Membranes 2022, 12(4), 358; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12040358 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2843
Abstract
Real-time noninvasive monitoring of crop water information is an important basis for water-saving irrigation and precise management. Nano-electronic technology has the potential to enable smart plant sensors to communicate with electronic devices and promote the automatic and accurate distribution of water, fertilizer, and [...] Read more.
Real-time noninvasive monitoring of crop water information is an important basis for water-saving irrigation and precise management. Nano-electronic technology has the potential to enable smart plant sensors to communicate with electronic devices and promote the automatic and accurate distribution of water, fertilizer, and medicine to improve crop productivity. In this work, we present a new flexible graphene oxide (GO)-based noninvasive crop water sensor with high sensitivity, fast responsibility and good bio-interface compatibility. The humidity monitoring sensitivity of the sensor reached 7945 Ω/% RH, and the response time was 20.3 s. We first present the correlation monitoring of crop physiological characteristics by using flexible wearable sensors and photosynthesis systems, and have studied the response and synergistic effect of net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of maize plants under different light environments. Results show that in situ real-time sensing of plant transpiration was realized, and the internal water transportation within plants could be monitored dynamically. The synergistic effect of net photosynthetic rate and transpiration of maize plants can be jointly tested. This study provides a new technical method to carry out quantitative monitoring of crop water in the entire life cycle and build smart irrigation systems. Moreover, it holds great potential in studying individual plant biology and could provide basic support to carry out precise monitoring of crop physiological information. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible Membranes for Batteries and Supercapacitor Applications)
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12 pages, 3178 KiB  
Article
In Silico Study of the Electrically Conductive and Electrochemical Properties of Hybrid Films Formed by Bilayer Graphene and Single-Wall Nanotubes under Axial Stretching
by Michael M. Slepchenkov, Pavel V. Barkov and Olga E. Glukhova
Membranes 2021, 11(9), 658; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11090658 - 26 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1935
Abstract
Using the self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method, we studied the effect of axial stretching on the electrical conductivity and quantum capacitance of hybrid films formed by AB-stacked bilayer graphene and horizontally oriented single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with indices chirality (12, 6). The paper [...] Read more.
Using the self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method, we studied the effect of axial stretching on the electrical conductivity and quantum capacitance of hybrid films formed by AB-stacked bilayer graphene and horizontally oriented single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with indices chirality (12, 6). The paper discusses several topological models of hybrid graphene/SWCNT (12, 6) films, which differ in the width of the graphene layer in the supercell and in the value of the shift between the graphene layers. It is shown that axial stretching has a different effect on the electrical conductivity and quantum capacity of the hybrid graphene/SWCNT (12, 6) film depending on the width of the graphene layer. For a topological model with a minimum width of the graphene layer (2 hexagons) under a 10% stretching strain, the transformation of bilayer graphene from planar to wave-like structures is characteristic. This transformation is accompanied by the appearance of the effect of anisotropy of electrical conductivity and a sharp decrease in the maximum of quantum capacitance. For a topological model with a graphene layer width of 4 hexagons, axial stretching, on the contrary, leads to a decrease in the effect of anisotropy of electrical conductivity and insignificant changes in the quantum capacitance. Based on the obtained results, the prospects for using hybrid graphene/SWCNT (12, 6) films as a material for creating flexible electrodes of supercapacitors are predicted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible Membranes for Batteries and Supercapacitor Applications)
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9 pages, 2179 KiB  
Article
Graphene/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite as a Promising Material for Chemical Current Sources: A Theoretical Study
by Vladislav V. Shunaev and Olga E. Glukhova
Membranes 2021, 11(8), 642; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080642 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2435
Abstract
The outstanding mechanical and conductive properties of graphene and high theoretical capacity of magnetite make a composite based on these two structures a prospective material for application in flexible energy storage devices. In this study using quantum chemical methods, the influence of magnetite [...] Read more.
The outstanding mechanical and conductive properties of graphene and high theoretical capacity of magnetite make a composite based on these two structures a prospective material for application in flexible energy storage devices. In this study using quantum chemical methods, the influence of magnetite concentration on energetic and electronic parameters of graphene/Fe3O4 composites is estimated. It is found that the addition of magnetite to pure graphene significantly changes its zone structure and capacitive properties. By varying the concentration of Fe3O4 particles, it is possible to tune the capacity of the composite for application in hybrid and symmetric supercapacitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible Membranes for Batteries and Supercapacitor Applications)
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12 pages, 25920 KiB  
Article
Lamellar Polypyrene Based on Attapulgite–Sulfur Composite for Lithium–Sulfur Battery
by Jing Wang, Riwei Xu, Chengzhong Wang and Jinping Xiong
Membranes 2021, 11(7), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070483 - 29 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2077
Abstract
We report on the preparation and characterization of a novel lamellar polypyrrole using an attapulgite–sulfur composite as a hard template. Pretreated attapulgite was utilized as the carrier of elemental sulfur and the attapulgite–sulfur–polypyrrole (AT @400 °C–S–PPy) composite with 50 wt.% sulfur was obtained. [...] Read more.
We report on the preparation and characterization of a novel lamellar polypyrrole using an attapulgite–sulfur composite as a hard template. Pretreated attapulgite was utilized as the carrier of elemental sulfur and the attapulgite–sulfur–polypyrrole (AT @400 °C–S–PPy) composite with 50 wt.% sulfur was obtained. The structure and morphology of the composite were characterized with infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An AT @400 °C–S–PPy composite was further utilized as the cathode material for lithium–sulfur batteries. The first discharge specific capacity of this kind of battery reached 1175 mAh/g at a 0.1 C current rate and remained at 518 mAh/g after 100 cycles with capacity retention close to 44%. In the rate test, compared with the polypyrrole–sulfur (PPy–S) cathode material, the AT @400 °C–S–PPy cathode material showed lower capacity at a high current density, but it showed higher capacity when the current came back to a low current density, which was attributed to the “recycling” of pores and channels of attapulgite. Therefore, the lamellar composite with special pore structure has great value in improving the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible Membranes for Batteries and Supercapacitor Applications)
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13 pages, 3783 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Sulfonated Titanium Oxide Incorporated Chitosan Nanocomposite Membranes for Fuel Cell Application
by Saad Ahmed, Tasleem Arshad, Amir Zada, Annum Afzal, Muhammad Khan, Amjad Hussain, Muhammad Hassan, Muhammad Ali and Shiai Xu
Membranes 2021, 11(6), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11060450 - 17 Jun 2021
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 3440
Abstract
In this study, nano-TiO2 sulfonated with 1,3-propane sultone (STiO2) was incorporated into the chitosan (CS) matrix for the preparation of CS/STiO2 nanocomposite membranes for fuel cell applications. The grafting of sulfonic acid (–SO3H) groups was confirmed by [...] Read more.
In this study, nano-TiO2 sulfonated with 1,3-propane sultone (STiO2) was incorporated into the chitosan (CS) matrix for the preparation of CS/STiO2 nanocomposite membranes for fuel cell applications. The grafting of sulfonic acid (–SO3H) groups was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The physicochemical properties of these prepared membranes, such as water uptake, swelling ratio, thermal and mechanical stability, ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity, were determined. The proton conducting groups on the surface of nano-TiO2 can form continuous proton conducting pathways along the CS/STiO2 interface and thus improve the proton conductivity of CS/STiO2 nanocomposite membranes. The CS/STiO2 nanocomposite membrane with 5 wt% of sulfonated TiO2 showed a proton conductivity (0.035 S·cm−1) equal to that of commercial Nafion 117 membrane (0.033 S·cm−1). The thermal and mechanical stability of the nanocomposite membranes were improved because the interfacial interaction between the -SO3H group of TiO2 and the –NH2 group of CS can restrict the mobility of CS chains to enhance the thermal and mechanical stability of the nanocomposite membranes. These CS/STiO2 nanocomposite membranes have promising applications in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible Membranes for Batteries and Supercapacitor Applications)
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13 pages, 2460 KiB  
Article
Composite Polymer Anion Exchange Membranes with Sandwich Structure and Improved Performance for Zn–Air Battery
by Xiaoxia Cai, Yuansong Zhang, Cong Li, Guotao Zhang, Xiaotao Wang, Xian Zhang, Qiang Wang and Fuzhong Wang
Membranes 2021, 11(3), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030224 - 22 Mar 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2353
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated a composite polymer anion exchange membrane (AEM) with a sandwich structure. This prepared AEM demonstrated high ionic conductivity (0.25 Scm−1), excellent alkali resistance (8 M KOH), and good mechanical properties (tensile strength of 0.455 MPa and [...] Read more.
In this study, we fabricated a composite polymer anion exchange membrane (AEM) with a sandwich structure. This prepared AEM demonstrated high ionic conductivity (0.25 Scm−1), excellent alkali resistance (8 M KOH), and good mechanical properties (tensile strength of 0.455 MPa and elongation at break of 82.13%). Here, degrease cotton (DC) treated with LiOH/urea aqueous solution was used and immersed into a coagulation bath to form a film. This film was immersed in acrylic acid (AA) monomers, and in-suit polymerization was carried out in the presence of KOH and an initiator. Finally, a composite polymer membrane with sandwich structure was achieved, in which the upper and bottom layers were mainly composed of polymerized AA (PAA) while the central layer was mainly composed of DC derived film. The central layer acted as a skeleton to improve the mechanical properties and alkali resistance. The top and bottom layers (PAA-rich layers) acted as OH- ion transport carriers, making basic cations migrate along the main chain of PAA. This newly developed composite membrane showed increased tensile strength and an elongation at break of 2.7 and 1.5 times, respectively, when compared to a control PAA/KOH AEM film. Furthermore, an electrochemical stability window of 2.0 V was measured via the cyclic voltammetry curve test, showing a wide electrochemical window and promising application in Zn–Air batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible Membranes for Batteries and Supercapacitor Applications)
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