Special Issue "Dosage Personalization in Modern Medicine"

Guest Editor
Prof. Dr. Jean-Michel Cardot
Faculty of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutical Department, Université Blaise Pascal, 28 Place H. Dunant, BP 38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Website: http://www.u-clermont1.fr/pharmacie/biopharmacie/index.html
E-Mail: j-michel.cardot@u-clermont1.fr
Phone: +33 4 73 17 79 68
Fax: +33 4 73 17 79 59
Interests: IVIVC; pharmacokinetics; in vitro dissolution; formulations

Guest Editor
Dr. Pascale Gauthier
Biopharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
E-Mail: pascale.gauthier@u-clermont1.fr
Interests: pharmaceutical design; drug adaptation; pediatric; elderly; new dosage forms

Guest Editor
Prof. Dr. Krassen Dimitrov
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
Website: http://www.aibn.uq.edu.au/index.html?page=49681
E-Mail: k.dimitrov@uq.edu.au
Phone: +61 7 3346 3880
Interests: biomarkers; diagnostics; platforms; single-molecule detection; biosensors

Dear Colleagues,

Integrating specific needs of younger or elderly patients with the aim to improve their observance seems to be a real challenge for future drugs.
Elderly represent a huge target, but children and teenagers must also be carefully studied regarding as future adults that they will become, also consumers for a long time.

Offering new dispensing systems in pharmaceutical field appears increasingly important. Devices and 'ready to use' products can be helpful for consumers who require new systems to help them to follow treatments more effectively thanks to appropriate design. A drug more properly taken thanks to a more adapted design will be more efficient. An evolution in terms of specifications and future prospects in relation to new formulations will be proposed in a special issue on 'dosage personalization in modern medicine'.

Prof. Dr. Jean-Michel Cardot
Dr. Pascale Gauthier
Prof. Dr. Krassen Dimitrov
Guest Editors

Submission

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. Papers will be published continuously (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are refereed through a peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed Open Access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

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• dose
• dosing
• personalization
• hemostasis
• therapeutic range
• thrombosis
• anticoagulants
• thrombolytics
• elderly
• children
• teenagers

Title: Therapeutic Dose Personalization and Clinical Utility of Pharmacogenetic Biomarkers in Ophthalmic Conditions
Author: Frank S. Ong
Affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building Room 2008, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; E-Mail: Frank.Ong@cshs.org
Abstract: With the rapid evolution of genetic and genomic technologies revolutionizing our approach to prognosis, screening, and targeting of therapies, the age of personalized and predictive medicine has not only defined how clinical practice is evolving today, but also portends to how it will be practiced in the future. The clinical application of molecular diagnostics in predicting outcomes that may be clinically actionable has seen disproportionate acceptance and uptake across different medical fields. The progress has been slow in ophthalmology, but in recent years, there has been demonstration of association of various genotypes with response to drug therapies in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma. The clinical utility thus far demonstrated is low, and thus, therapeutic dosage personalization is another useful means of optimizing personalized medicine in this field. In the cases of both AMD and pre-threshold retinopathy of prematurity, bevacizumab dose personalization has resulted in better outcomes. Recent developments in innovative technologies to deliver dosage personalization, such as nanoemulsion and polymeric micelle for targeted delivery and drug release, also contribute to optimization of therapy, increased efficacy, and ultimately, improvement in patient outcomes.

Type of Paper: Review
Title: Phenotyping and Genotyping for Personalized Psychopharmacotherapy
Authors: Kathrin Laib¹, Mohamed Shams², Gerhard Gründer³ and Christoph Hiemke¹
Affiliation: ¹ Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Universitätsmedizin Mainz Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8 D-55131 Mainz, Germany;
E-Mail: hiemke@uni-mainz.de
Abstract: Modern guidelines of pharmacotherapy are based on controlled clinical trials or experience that do not take into account the variability of individuals within a given population. As a consequence of pharmacotherapy in psychiatry, many patients fail to respond to the initial medication or dose. Aiming to offer better treatment being tailored to the individual patient, personalized medicine emphasizes the practice of considering individual patient characteristics. For individualized psychopharmacotherapy, phenotyping and genotyping methods are available. Lack of clinical improvement under recommended doses, suspected non-adherence to medication, adverse effects under recommended doses, suspected drug interactions or suspected genetic particularities concerning drug metabolism are typical problems related to individual patients that can be solved. This review will illustrate the appropriate use of phenotyping and genotyping methods for dose personalization of representative single cases.