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Solutions for Reducing the Environmental Impact of Marine Energy Systems
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Solutions for Reducing the Environmental Impact of Marine Energy Systems

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2020) | Viewed by 6206

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Elias Yfantis

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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
Interests: marine internal combustion engines; shipping decarbonization; maritime alternative fuels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Theodoros Zannis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Section, Hellenic Naval Academy, 18539 Piraeus, Greece
Interests: internal combustion engines; marine energy systems; thermofluids; combustion; pollutant emissions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering on the subject area “Solutions for Reducing the Environmental Impact of Marine Energy Systems”. With the increasing global environmental awareness and the imposed IMO emission regulations and initiatives, the development and application of specific solutions for reduction of the environmental impact of marine energy systems is one of the most crucial issues facing the maritime industry today.

IMO, having acknowledged the serious detrimental repercussions of marine energy systems on the global pollution issue, has undertaken specific actions for mitigating the negative effects of the existing and future fleet of transport vessels on the environment. Specifically, IMO has issued strict fuel sulfur limits inside and outside ECAs for controlling SOx and PM emissions, which will be effective from 1 January 2020 (2020 Global Sulphur Cap). Compliance of vessels with these limits will possibly require conventional low-sulfur multi-fuel on board storage and distribution, use of alternative sulfur-free fuels, or use of exhaust after-treatment systems such as scrubbers. In addition, IMO has already issued specific limits inside and outside ECAs for NOx emissions. Conformation of vessels with these NOx limitations may require the implementation of various internal (i.e., inside marine engines) or external (i.e., exhaust after-treatment) measures. IMO has also shown considerable concern regarding the contribution of shipping on GHG emissions and, for this reason, has undertaken specific initiatives not only to monitor and record GHG emissions (IMO DCS) but also to significantly reduce GHG emissions from existing and future vessels. According to IMO, CO2 emission reduction strategy is a two-fold process: On the one hand, IMO, having acknowledged the interrelation between CO2 emissions and vessel energy efficiency, has issued energy efficiency indices and campaigns (i.e., EEDI and SEEMP/EEOI) which are related to the CO2 emissions per transport work of existing vessels and new buildings. On the other hand, IMO has decided that shipping-emitted CO2 emissions should be reduced by at least 40% by 2030 with respect to reference year 2008, and also that shipping-generated CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% by 2050. Besides legislated pollutant emissions, awareness and action are required for the mitigation of shipping non-regulated gaseous emissions, such as PAH, CO, HC, CH4 (methane slip), aldehydes, and ketones, among others. Another important environmental issue of marine energy systems is ballast water treatment, which is crucial for the protection of the maritime environment from hazardous species and for which IMO has launched specific guidelines.

Prof. Dr. Elias Yfantis
Assist. Prof. Dr. Theodoros Zannis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Compliance with 2020 Global Sulphur Cap
  • Internal and external measures for NOx emissions reduction
  • Shipping carbon footprint reduction through energy efficiency improvement of marine energy systems
  • GHG emission technical and operational reduction measures and their interaction with marine energy systems
  • Ballast water treatment systems
  • Reduction technologies of non-regulated gaseous emissions
  • Impact of environmental footprint mitigation actions on marine engine performance characteristics, availability, reliability, and maintenance
  • Shipping emission mitigation inventories and their interrelation with marine energy systems

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4665 KiB  
Article
Effect of Early Closing of the Inlet Valve on Fuel Consumption and Temperature in a Medium Speed Marine Diesel Engine Cylinder
by Vladimir Pelić, Tomislav Mrakovčić, Vedran Medica-Viola and Marko Valčić
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(10), 747; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100747 - 26 Sep 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2679
Abstract
The energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of medium-speed marine diesel engines are to be improved through the application of various measures and technologies. Special attention will be paid to the reduction in NOx in order to comply with the conditions of the [...] Read more.
The energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of medium-speed marine diesel engines are to be improved through the application of various measures and technologies. Special attention will be paid to the reduction in NOx in order to comply with the conditions of the MARPOL Convention, Annex VI. The reduction in NOx emissions will be achieved by the application of primary and secondary measures. The primary measures relate to the process in the engine, while the secondary measures are based on the reduction in NOx emissions through the after-treatment of exhaust gases. Some primary measures such as exhaust gas recirculation, adding water to the fuel or injecting water into the cylinder give good results in reducing NOx emissions, but generally lead to an increase in fuel consumption. In contrast to the aforementioned methods, the use of an earlier inlet valve closure, referred to in the literature as the Miller process, not only reduces NOx emissions, but also increases the efficiency of the engine in conjunction with appropriate turbochargers. A previously developed numerical model to simulate diesel engine operation is used to analyse the effects of the Miller process on engine performance. Although the numerical model cannot completely replace experimental research, it is an effective tool for verifying the influence of various input parameters on engine performance. In this paper, the effect of an earlier closing of the intake valve and an increase in inlet manifold pressure on fuel consumption, pressure and temperature in the engine cylinder under steady-state conditions is analysed. The results obtained with the numerical model show the justification for using the Miller processes to reduce NOx emissions and fuel consumption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solutions for Reducing the Environmental Impact of Marine Energy Systems)
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19 pages, 8119 KiB  
Article
Thermo-Economic Performance of an Organic Rankine Cycle System Recovering Waste Heat Onboard an Offshore Service Vessel
by ChunWee Ng, Ivan C. K. Tam and Dawei Wu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(5), 351; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050351 - 14 May 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2997
Abstract
Recent regulatory developments in the global maritime industry have signalled an increased emphasis on the improvement of energy efficiency onboard ships. Among the various efficiency enhancement options, recovering waste heat using the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has been studied and identified as a [...] Read more.
Recent regulatory developments in the global maritime industry have signalled an increased emphasis on the improvement of energy efficiency onboard ships. Among the various efficiency enhancement options, recovering waste heat using the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has been studied and identified as a promising one in many earlier studies. In this paper, a marine application of ORC for waste heat recovery will be discussed by performing the first law thermodynamic analysis based on the operating profile and machinery design data of an offshore service vessel (OSV) and defining four standard cycle configurations that include simple, recuperated, dual heat source, and with intermediate heating. The use of five hydrocarbon working fluids that are suitable for shipboard usage comprising cyclopentane, n-heptane, n-octane, methanol and ethanol are examined. The economic analysis found that annual fuel saving between 5% and 9% is possible and estimated a specific installation cost of $5000–8000 USD/kW. Among the various options, the methanol ORC in a simple cycle configuration is found to have the shortest payback time relatively balancing between annual fuel saving and total module cost. Finally, the simple cycle ORC running on methanol is further examined using the second law entropy generation analysis and it is found that the heat exchangers in the system accounted for nearly 95% of the overall entropy generation rate and further work is recommended to reduce this in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solutions for Reducing the Environmental Impact of Marine Energy Systems)
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