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Assisted Reproductive Technology and Infertility Treatment: Current Updates and Perspectives
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Assisted Reproductive Technology and Infertility Treatment: Current Updates and Perspectives

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Reproductive Medicine & Andrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 July 2024 | Viewed by 1205

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Nikos Nikolettos

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Guest Editor
Obstetric-Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
Interests: assisted reproduction; infertility; ovarian stimulation; poor responders; fertility preservation
Dr. Angeliki Tiptiri-Kourpeti

E-Mail
Guest Editor
1. Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
2. Embryokosmogenesis, Medically Assisted Reproduction Unit, 4th km Alexandroupolis-Borders, Apalos, 68131 Alexandroupolis, Greece
Interests: ICSI; IVM; assisted reproduction technology; signalling pathways; fertility genetic polymorphisms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

ART is used extensively as an aid in overcoming infertility problems. Evidence-based research suggests that 8–12% of couples worldwide are trying to conceive spontaneously despite experiencing fertility problems. A remarkable percentage of people turn to assisted reproduction consultation and help from medical solutions to bring about the conception and birth of a baby of their own. Each ART cycle is complex and consists of several steps. Thus, it is crucial that this system is based on sufficient evidence and detailed guidelines. This Special Issue aims to discuss the development of assisted reproduction techniques, including their proper indication. Experimental, innovative and widely used technology supports the inter-professional team disclosure. The contradictions and their subsequent management provide the underlying background for personalised assistance in IVF and associated procedures. The success rate, benefits, risks, cost and ethics of ART are also important parts of in vitro fertilization methods and indicate the essential surveillance and vigilance in quality control. The conclusive aim of this Special Issue is to overview the most up-to-date evidence on ART to optimise guidelines and protocols in order to improve assisted reproduction technology practices and outcomes.

Prof. Dr. Nikos Nikolettos
Dr. Angeliki Tiptiri-Kourpeti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • assisted reproduction technology (ART)
  • infertility
  • treatment
  • reproduction
  • IVF

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 247 KiB  
Article
Poor Response to Gonadotropin Stimulation and Perinatal Outcomes in Fresh In Vitro Fertilization Embryo Transfer Cycles—A Retrospective Cohort Study
by Alyssa Hochberg, Avital Wertheimer, Rita Zlatkin, Onit Sapir, Eyal Krispin, Tzippy Schohat, Eran Altman, Avi Ben-Haroush and Yoel Shufaro
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(10), 2985; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102985 - 19 May 2024
Viewed by 175
Abstract
Objective: The objective was to examine the association between poor ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton gestations in young patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study including women aged 17–39 who underwent [...] Read more.
Objective: The objective was to examine the association between poor ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton gestations in young patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study including women aged 17–39 who underwent fresh embryo transfer and delivered a singleton neonate at a single center (pre-implantation genetic testing excluded) (2007–2022). Patients were classified as one of the following categories: poor responders—daily follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ≥ 150 IU yielding ≤ 3 retrieved oocytes; normal responders—4–15 oocytes; and high responders with ≥16 oocytes. The primary outcome was a composite of pre-eclampsia (mild or severe), small-for-gestational-age, gestational diabetes mellitus, and preterm birth (<37 weeks). We compared maternal and neonatal outcomes between the three groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to control for confounders. Results: Overall, 507 women met the inclusion criteria. Of them, there were 44 (8.68%) poor responders, 342 (67.46%) normal responders, and 121 (23.87%) high responders. Poor responders, compared to normal and high responders, were characterized by a higher maternal age (34.64 ± 4.01 vs. 31.4 ± 5.04 vs. 30.01 ± 4.93, p < 0.001, respectively) and total FSH dosage (3028.41 ± 1792.05 IU vs. 2375.11 ± 1394.05 IU vs. 1869.31 ± 1089.63 IU, p < 0.001). The perinatal outcomes examined, including cesarean delivery (CD) rate and the composite outcome, were comparable between groups. Using multivariable logistic regression and adjusting for ovarian response group, maternal age, nulliparity, and estradiol level and endometrial thickness before ovulation triggering, poor response was not associated with CD rate or the composite outcome, with maternal age associated with CD (p = 0.005), and nulliparity with the composite outcome (p = 0.007). Similar results were obtained when comparing poor responders to each other group separately or to all other responders. Conclusions: Poor ovarian response is not associated with increased adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assisted Reproductive Technology and Infertility Treatment: Current Updates and Perspectives)

Review

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23 pages, 966 KiB  
Review
NGF, EPO, and IGF-1 in the Male Reproductive System
by Chryssa Metallinou, Chrysovalanto Staneloudi, Konstantinos Nikolettos and Byron Asimakopoulos
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(10), 2918; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102918 - 15 May 2024
Viewed by 281
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated interesting results considering the implication of three growth factors (GFs), namely nerve growth factor (NGF), erythropoietin (EPO), and the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) in the physiology of male reproductive functions. This review provides insights into the effects of NGF, [...] Read more.
Several studies have demonstrated interesting results considering the implication of three growth factors (GFs), namely nerve growth factor (NGF), erythropoietin (EPO), and the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) in the physiology of male reproductive functions. This review provides insights into the effects of NGF, EPO, and IGF-1 on the male reproductive system, emphasizing mainly their effects on sperm motility and vitality. In the male reproductive system, the expression pattern of the NGF system varies according to the species and testicular development, playing a crucial role in morphogenesis and spermatogenesis. In humans, it seems that NGF positively affects sperm motility parameters and NGF supplementation in cryopreservation media improves post-thaw sperm motility. In animals, EPO is found in various male reproductive tissues, and in humans, the protein is present in seminal plasma and testicular germ cells. EPO receptors have been discovered in the plasma membrane of human spermatozoa, suggesting potential roles in sperm motility and vitality. In humans, IGF-1 is expressed mainly in Sertoli cells and is present in seminal plasma, contributing to cell development and the maturation of spermatozoa. IGF-1 seems to modulate sperm motility, and treatment with IGF-1 has a positive effect on sperm motility and vitality. Furthermore, lower levels of NGF or IGF-1 in seminal plasma are associated with infertility. Understanding the mechanisms of actions of these GFs in the male reproductive system may improve the outcome of sperm processing techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assisted Reproductive Technology and Infertility Treatment: Current Updates and Perspectives)
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Other

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19 pages, 3002 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Effect of Open and Closed Oocyte Vitrification Systems on Embryo Development: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
by Konstantinos Pantos, Evangelos Maziotis, Anna Trypidi, Sokratis Grigoriadis, Kristi Agapitou, Agni Pantou, Konstantinos Nikolettos, Georgia Kokkini, Konstantinos Sfakianoudis, Kimball O. Pomeroy and Mara Simopoulou
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(9), 2651; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092651 - 30 Apr 2024
Viewed by 374
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Open and closed vitrification systems are commonly employed in oocyte cryopreservation; however, there is limited evidence regarding a comparison of their separate impact on oocyte competence. This study uniquely brings to the literature, data on the effect of open versus closed [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Open and closed vitrification systems are commonly employed in oocyte cryopreservation; however, there is limited evidence regarding a comparison of their separate impact on oocyte competence. This study uniquely brings to the literature, data on the effect of open versus closed vitrification systems on laboratory and clinical outcomes, and the effect of cooling and warming rates. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was performed using the databases PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Library, limited to articles published in English up to January 2023. A network meta-analysis was conducted comparing each vitrification system versus fresh oocytes. Results: Twenty-three studies were included. When compared to fresh oocytes, both vitrification devices resulted in lower fertilization rates per MII oocyte retrieved. When comparing the two systems in terms of survival rates, no statistically significant difference was observed. However, interestingly open systems resulted in lower cleavage and blastocyst formation rates per 2 pronuclear (2PN) oocyte compared to fresh controls, while at the same time no statistically significant difference was detected when comparing closed devices with fresh oocytes. Conclusions: In conclusion, closed vitrification systems appear to exert a less detrimental impact on the oocytes’ competence, which is reflected in the blastocyst formation rates. Proof of superiority of one system versus the other may lead to standardization, helping to ultimately determine optimal practice in oocyte vitrification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assisted Reproductive Technology and Infertility Treatment: Current Updates and Perspectives)
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