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Nicotine, Electronic Cigarettes, and Alcohol Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 13266

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ivan Berlin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Pharmacology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
Interests: tobacco and electronic nicotine delivery systems’ use; smoking cessation; clinical trials; COVID-19
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Henri-Jean Aubin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U 1018, University Paris-Saclay, Hopital Paul Brousse AP-HP, 94800 Villejuif, France
Interests: pharmacotherapy in substance use disorders; psychotherapy in substance use disorders; outcome measures in substance use disorders; harm reduction in substance use disorders; addictive and psychiatric comorbidities; suicidality in substance use disorders; COVID-19

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes articles and communications in the interdisciplinary area of environmental health sciences and public health. For detailed information on the journal, we refer you to https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph.

We are organizing a Special Issue on tobacco, its related compounds, and alcohol use in relation with the COVID-19 pandemic.

The aim is to inform the readership about the most recent research findings in the same issue about any aspect of the relationship of tobacco and/or alcohol use disorder with COVID-19.

This Special Issue will cover the following topics:

Changes in tobacco, electronic cigarettes, nicotine, or alcohol use associated with the COVID-19 pandemic;
Factors associated with tobacco, electronic cigarettes, nicotine, and alcohol use during the pandemic lockdown;
Tobacco, nicotine, electronic cigarettes, and alcohol use and risk of: a) severity of COVID-19; b) infection with SARS-CoV-2;
Tobacco and/or the alcohol industry and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Prof. Dr. Ivan Berlin
Prof. Dr. Henri-Jean Aubin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

tobacco use disorder
alcohol use disorder
alcohol drinking
electronic nicotine delivery systems
nicotine
severity of COVID-19
case or infection fatality rate of COVID-19
lockdown
tobacco and/or alcohol use associated comorbidities and COVID-19
socioeconomic factors
cessation of tobacco and/or alcohol use

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Other

6 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Potential Bias in Assessing the Tobacco/Nicotine—COVID-19 Association—How to Improve Our Level of Understanding

by Ivan Berlin

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14113; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114113 - 28 Oct 2022

Viewed by 906

Abstract

The causative agents of COVID-19 are the variants of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nicotine, Electronic Cigarettes, and Alcohol Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Other

11 pages, 351 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Alcohol Consumption after 1 Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Region of France

by Pierre-Antoine Villette, Olga Lyonnard, Camille Trehu, Marie Barais, Delphine Le Goff, Bernard Le Floch, Antoine Dany and Morgane Guillou Landreat

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 15049; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215049 - 15 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1475

Abstract

Background: There is conflicting evidence on how the COVID-19 pandemic changed patterns of alcohol consumption. While some studies have suggested that alcohol consumption decreased at the beginning of the pandemic, there are limited data for a longer period. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in alcohol consumption 1 year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in France, and to identify vulnerable subgroups in a French adult population. Methods: This was a single-center, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Self-reported changes in alcohol consumption were collected from 2491 respondents in a survey carried out in western Brittany from 18 January to 9 March 2021. Results: Of respondents, 27.64% reported that they had increased their alcohol consumption, 14.7% had decreased, 3.94% had ceased, and 53.72% reported no change in their alcohol consumption. Increased alcohol use was associated with male gender, age 26 to 44 years, living with a family, not being a health professional, having had a physical or psychological health problem during lockdowns, smoking tobacco, and using cannabis. Reduced alcohol use or cessation was associated with male gender, age 18 to 25 years, living in Brest, living alone, and using cannabis. Conclusions: Our study suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant number of people increased their alcohol consumption in France, even outside lockdowns. These results should encourage health professionals and public authorities to implement more specific prevention measures to limit the risks associated with alcohol consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nicotine, Electronic Cigarettes, and Alcohol Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic)

20 pages, 410 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption in France during the Spring 2020 Lockdown: Results of the Coviprev and Viquop Surveys

by Guillemette Quatremère, Romain Guignard, Raphaël Andler, Sandie Sempé, Nathalie Houzelle and Viêt Nguyen-Thanh

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 14808; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214808 - 10 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1280

Abstract

This study aims to describe changes in tobacco and alcohol consumption in France during the first COVID-19 lockdown in March 2020 and its gradual lifting in May. The associated factors and the reasons reported explaining those changes are also studied. Data came from five waves of the CoviPrev online cross-sectional survey (approximately n = 2000 per wave) and the ViQuoP qualitative survey (n = 60), which took place between April and June. Most people self-reported stable consumption compared to before the lockdown, but 27% to 32% of smokers and 10% to 16% of drinkers had increased their consumption, depending on the wave of the survey. Boredom, stress and the search for pleasure were the main reasons reported. While the sociodemographic factors associated with an increase in tobacco and alcohol use differed according to the product and month, poor mental health was associated with an increase in both products in April and May. Between 10% and 19% of smokers and 22% to 25% of drinkers reported having reduced their consumption for their health or through constraints. The measures taken to manage the spring 2020 epidemic appear to have had contrasting impacts on tobacco and alcohol consumption in France. People whose lifestyles and mental health was most affected appear to have modified their consumption more frequently. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nicotine, Electronic Cigarettes, and Alcohol Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic)

11 pages, 360 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Barriers Against and Motivations for Quitting Smoking during the COVID-19 Health Crisis: Results of a Qualitative Study in France

by Romain Guignard, Guillemette Quatremère, Anne Pasquereau, Cécile Jartoux, Laure Salvaing, Guillaume Caline, François Beck and Viêt Nguyen Thanh

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13051; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013051 - 11 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1646

Abstract

The COVID-19 epidemic and its psychological, economic and social consequences could have an impact on the evolution of tobacco-smoking prevalence and attitudes towards quitting. The aim of this study is to analyse the specific characteristics of the motivations for and barriers against smoking cessation in this period. The study is based on qualitative data collected from late 2020 to early 2021 in France from 89 smokers with a low or intermediate socio-economic level. Among the motivations for quitting smoking, health concerns and the financial cost of cigarettes carried increased importance among the smokers in this period. Inversely, perceived stress, isolation, and a lack of social or healthcare support prevented some smokers from attempting to quit. These results are useful for explaining the evolution of smoking prevalence and preparing future interventions in the context of the health crisis and its aftermath. They highlight the relevance of educational messages, of the promotion of validated smoking-cessation aids and, in particular, remote support, as well as the implementation of community-based actions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nicotine, Electronic Cigarettes, and Alcohol Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic)

9 pages, 342 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predictors of Short-Term Alcohol Drinking in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorders during the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prospective Study in Three Addiction Outpatient Centers in France

by Aymery Constant, Marlène Sanz and Romain Moirand

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 1948; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041948 - 10 Feb 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2016

Abstract

The present study investigates the extent to which the COVID-19 crisis disturbed different life domains of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and assessed the associations between these disturbances and the risk of short-term alcohol drinking. All patients aged >18 years receiving outpatient care at three addiction treatment facilities from 15 April to 30 May 2021 were eligible for inclusion in the study. A trained resident assessed the extent to which the COVID-19 crisis affected their professional activity, social life, access to healthcare, and drinking problems, together with craving, drinking behavior, psychological distress, physical/mental health, and sociodemographic and clinical data. The same investigator assessed alcohol drinking 1 month after their visit. Nearly half of the patients felt that the COVID-19 crisis had a serious impact on their drinking problems, despite minor disruptions in access to healthcare. These disturbances significantly influenced short-term alcohol drinking in univariate analysis, together with psychological distress, craving, and drinking problems. Only craving predicted alcohol drinking in multivariate analyses, suggesting that psychological and drinking problems, as well as COVID-19 disturbances, increased the risk of alcohol drinking by increasing craving. Craving should be systematically investigated in patients with AUD to establish adapted social support systems during pandemics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nicotine, Electronic Cigarettes, and Alcohol Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic)

16 pages, 361 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Cigarette Smoking and Vaping in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK: Findings from Baseline and 12-Month Follow up of HEBECO Study

by Dimitra Kale, Olga Perski, Aleksandra Herbec, Emma Beard and Lion Shahab

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(2), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020630 - 6 Jan 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2842

Abstract

This study investigated UK adults’ changes in cigarette smoking and vaping during the COVID-19 pandemic and factors associated with any changes. Data were from an online longitudinal study. A self-selected sample (n = 332) of 228 smokers and 155 vapers (51 participants were both smokers and vapers) completed 5 surveys between April 2020 and June 2021. Participants self-reported data on sociodemographics, COVID-19-related, and smoking/vaping characteristics. During the 12 months of observations, among smokers, 45% self-reported a quit attempt (27.5% due to COVID-19-related reasons) since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic and the quit rate was 17.5%. At 12 months, 35.1% of continuing smokers (n = 174) reported smoking less and 37.9% the same, while 27.0% reported an increase in the number of cigarettes smoked/day. Among vapers, 25.0% self-reported a quit attempt (16.1% due to COVID-19-related reasons) and the quit rate was 18.1%. At 12 months, 47.7% of continuing vapers (n = 109) reported no change in the frequency of vaping/hour, while a similar proportion reported vaping less (27.5%) and more (24.8%). Motivation to quit smoking and being younger were associated with making a smoking quit attempt and smoking cessation. Being a cigarette smoker was associated with vaping cessation. Among a self-selected sample, COVID-19 stimulated more interest in reducing or quitting cigarette smoking than vaping. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nicotine, Electronic Cigarettes, and Alcohol Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic)

Other

Jump to: Editorial, Research

19 pages, 622 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Intertwining of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Alcohol, Tobacco or Nicotine Use, and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

by Amaury C. Mengin, Julie Rolling, Christelle Porche, Amaury Durpoix and Laurence Lalanne

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14546; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114546 - 5 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2012

Abstract

Background: Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) and alcohol, tobacco, or nicotine use are frequently associated conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a stressful situation globally and has worsened mental health conditions and addictions in the population. Our systematic review explores the links between PTSSs and (1) alcohol use and (2) tobacco or nicotine use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for studies published between January 2020 and 16 December 2021. We included studies published in English concerning adults or adolescents. Included articles dealt simultaneously with the COVID-19 pandemic, PTSSs, and alcohol, tobacco, or nicotine use. The reports included were cross-sectional, longitudinal, or cohort studies. We categorized the reports according to the population explored. Our main outcomes are the impacts of PTSSs on (1) alcohol use and (2) tobacco and nicotine use and their relation to COVID-19-related stressors (worries, exposure, lockdown, and infection, either of self or relatives). Results: Of the 503 reports identified, 44 were assessed for eligibility, and 16 were included in our review, encompassing 34,408 participants. The populations explored were the general population, healthcare workers, war veterans, patients with substance use disorders, and other vulnerable populations. Most studies were online surveys (14) with cross-sectional designs (11). Every study explored alcohol use, while only two assessed tobacco use. In most populations explored, a high level of PTSSs was associated with alcohol use increase. COVID-19-related stress was frequently correlated with either high PTSSs or alcohol use. In healthcare workers, PTSSs and alcohol use were not associated, while COVID-19 worries were related to both PTSSs and alcohol use. Discussion: 1. PTSSs and increased alcohol use are frequently associated, while COVID-19 worries might trigger both conditions and worsen their association. Alcohol use increase may represent either an inadequate way of coping with PTSSs or a vulnerability amid the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to PTSSs. As most studies were cross-sectional online surveys, longitudinal prospective studies are needed to ascertain the direction of the associations between these conditions. These studies need to be sufficiently powered and control for potential bias and confounders. 2. Our review highlighted that research about PTSSs and tobacco or nicotine use is scarce. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nicotine, Electronic Cigarettes, and Alcohol Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic)

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