Liquefaction Risk Assessment: Historical Earthquakes and Future Damage Scenarios

A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Hazards".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 5042

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Dipartimento Economia e Tecnologia, Università di San Marino, Via Consiglio dei 60, n.99, 47899 Dogana, San Marino
Interests: earthquake engineering; resilience; numerical simulations; soil structure interaction; infrastructures
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Dear Colleagues,

Liquefaction has been documented during historical earthquakes (such as Niigata, Japan 1964; Dagupan City, Philippines 1990; Chi-Chi, Taiwan 1999; Japan 2011; Kocaeli, Turkey 1999; Christchurch, New Zealand, 2011; Emilia-Romagna Italy, 2012) with severe consequences on the civil environment and communities. Infrastructures, bridges, and buildings were affected by induced damages such as settlements, lateral spreading, bearing capacity reductions, disruption of functions, causing direct and indirect losses.

The state of the practice for liquefaction risk assessment generally adopts empirical procedures based on one-dimensional analyses of settlements in free-field conditions. 

Even if these approaches can be detailed, they lead to conservative evaluations that may underestimate the shear deformations that cause many liquefaction-induced effects (e.g., ratcheting, bearing capacity failures, soil deformations due to partial drainage).

Therefore, advanced 3D assessment methodologies are necessary to capture excess pore pressure development, the induced permanent deformations, and to predict the possible damage scenarios. Pre-earthquake and post-earthquake assessments are fundamental in order to define regional vulnerability to liquefaction-potential impacts and establish recovery procedures to improve seismic resiliency of local communities.

Dr. Davide Forcellini
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Liquefaction
  • Historical earthquakes
  • Settlements
  • Lateral spread
  • Risk assessment
  • 3D methodologies
  • Damage scenarios

Published Papers (2 papers)

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19 pages, 5742 KiB  
Article
Analytical Fragility Curves of Pile Foundations with Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI)
by Davide Forcellini
Geosciences 2021, 11(2), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020066 - 3 Feb 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2191
Abstract
Pile foundations is a well-studied technique with many applications and its benefits on structures have been widely studied in the literature. In particular, the mutual effects of pile flexibility and soil deformability may significantly modify the seismic behaviour of superstructures. In order to [...] Read more.
Pile foundations is a well-studied technique with many applications and its benefits on structures have been widely studied in the literature. In particular, the mutual effects of pile flexibility and soil deformability may significantly modify the seismic behaviour of superstructures. In order to consider the uncertainties that are connected with these issues, the paper applies the probabilistic-based approach of fragility curves by proposing three limit states based on ductility factor. Non-linear dynamic analyses were performed with OpenSees PL to assess the potentialities of three pile configurations founded on three cohesionless soil with different deformability. Full article
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16 pages, 3194 KiB  
Article
Probabilistic-Based Assessment of Liquefaction-Induced Damage with Analytical Fragility Curves
by Davide Forcellini
Geosciences 2020, 10(8), 315; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10080315 - 15 Aug 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2402
Abstract
Soil liquefaction may cause severe damages to structures mainly in terms of lateral spread and settlements, as documented during historical earthquakes. Liquefaction-potential (LP) estimation has become an important issue in seismic assessment, and this paper aims to propose a new methodology based on [...] Read more.
Soil liquefaction may cause severe damages to structures mainly in terms of lateral spread and settlements, as documented during historical earthquakes. Liquefaction-potential (LP) estimation has become an important issue in seismic assessment, and this paper aims to propose a new methodology based on fragility curves. LP curves were developed and applied to two case studies performed with 3D numerical models applying Opensees. Nonlinear hysteretic materials and advanced plasticity models were used to reproduce the high nonlinear mechanisms of liquefaction, such as strong dilation tendency and cyclic shear behaviour. LP curves were applied to compare the results of the performed free field (FF) and soil–structure interaction (SSI) case studies. Full article
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