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Geosciences
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Geophysical Modeling of the Arctic Environment under Climate Changes
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Geophysical Modeling of the Arctic Environment under Climate Changes

A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263). This special issue belongs to the section "Geophysics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 8862

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Vladimir A. Cheverda

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Guest Editor
Department of Computational Methods in Geophysics, Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, prosp. Koptyuga, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
Interests: numerical linear algebra; mathematical modelling; finite difference simulation; optimization techniques; nonlinear least squares
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Elena Golubeva

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Guest Editor
Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Interests: ocean circulation; the Arctic Ocean; ocean–ice-atmosphere interactions; climate change; East Siberian Arctic shelf; numerical modeling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Arctic shelf is one of the largest continental shelves on Earth. However, due to severe climatic conditions, it is also one of the most poorly studied. The state of water and sea ice on the shelf is controlled by many climatic processes, the main ones being; the variability of atmospheric dynamics, which determines the processes of formation and the melting of sea ice, its drift and water circulation in the surface layer, interaction with neighboring regions, and the flow of the north rivers. The shelf of the Arctic seas is considered as an area within which permafrost sub aquatic rocks are possible, reliable information about which was obtained on the basis of drilling profiles.

The existence of permafrost provides conditions for the formation of gas hydrate accumulation zones in bottom sediments at shallow water depths, the stability of which can be impaired even with a slight increase in temperature. Therefore, monitoring the status of such clusters seems necessary to ensure the safety of navigation, as well as existing and constructed engineering structures.

This Special Issue is a collection of papers presenting approaches to the study of geophysical processes in the shelves of the Arctic seas, due to climate variability.

Prof. Dr. Vladimir A. Cheverda
Prof. Elena Golubeva
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Geosciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7507 KiB  
Article
Elastic Full-Waveform Inversion Using Migration-Based Depth Reflector Representation in the Data Domain
by Vladimir Tcheverda and Kirill Gadylshin
Geosciences 2021, 11(2), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020076 - 09 Feb 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1862
Abstract
The depth velocity model is a critical element for providing seismic data processing success, as it is responsible for the times of waves’ propagation and, therefore, prescribes the location of geological objects in the resulting seismic images. Constructing a deep velocity model is [...] Read more.
The depth velocity model is a critical element for providing seismic data processing success, as it is responsible for the times of waves’ propagation and, therefore, prescribes the location of geological objects in the resulting seismic images. Constructing a deep velocity model is the most time-consuming part of the entire seismic data processing, which usually requires interactive human intervention. This article introduces the consistently numerical method for reconstructing a depth velocity model based on the modified version of the elastic Full Waveform Inversion (FWI). The specific feature of this approach to FWI is the decomposition of the space of admissible velocity models into subspaces of propagator (macro velocity) and reflector components. In turn, the latter transforms to the data space reflectivity on the base of migration transformation. Finally, we perform minimisation in two different spaces: (1) Macro velocity as a smooth spatial function; (2) Migration transforms data space reflectivity to the spatial reflectivity. We present numerical experiments confirming less sensitiveness of the modified version of FWI to the lack of the low time frequencies in the data acquired. In our computations, we use synthetic data with valuable time frequencies from 5 Hz. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geophysical Modeling of the Arctic Environment under Climate Changes)
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15 pages, 4382 KiB  
Article
Pulsed Electromagnetic Cross-Well Exploration for Monitoring Permafrost and Examining the Processes of Its Geocryological Changes
by Viacheslav Glinskikh, Oleg Nechaev, Igor Mikhaylov, Kirill Danilovskiy and Vladimir Olenchenko
Geosciences 2021, 11(2), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020060 - 29 Jan 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1827
Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the topical problem of examining permafrost’s state and the processes of its geocryological changes by means of geophysical methods. To monitor the cryolithozone, we proposed and scientifically substantiated a new technique of pulsed electromagnetic cross-well sounding. Based on [...] Read more.
This paper is dedicated to the topical problem of examining permafrost’s state and the processes of its geocryological changes by means of geophysical methods. To monitor the cryolithozone, we proposed and scientifically substantiated a new technique of pulsed electromagnetic cross-well sounding. Based on the vector finite-element method, we created a mathematical model of the cross-well sounding process with a pulsed source in a three-dimensional spatially heterogeneous medium. A high-performance parallel computing algorithm was developed and verified. Through realistic geoelectric models of permafrost with a talik under a highway, constructed following the results of electrotomography field data interpretation, we numerically simulated the pulsed sounding on the computing resources of the Siberian Supercomputer Center of SB RAS. The simulation results suggest the proposed system of pulsed electromagnetic cross-well monitoring to be characterized by a high sensitivity to the presence and dimensions of the talik. The devised approach can be oriented to addressing a wide range of issues related to monitoring permafrost rocks under civil and industrial facilities, buildings, and constructions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geophysical Modeling of the Arctic Environment under Climate Changes)
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23 pages, 6282 KiB  
Article
Permafrost and Gas Hydrate Stability Zone of the Glacial Part of the East-Siberian Shelf
by Anatoly Gavrilov, Valentina Malakhova, Elena Pizhankova and Alexandra Popova
Geosciences 2020, 10(12), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10120484 - 02 Dec 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2640
Abstract
By using thermal mathematical modeling for the time range of 200,000 years ago, the authors have been studying the role the glaciation, covered the De Long Islands and partly the Anjou Islands at the end of Middle Neopleistocene, played in the formation of [...] Read more.
By using thermal mathematical modeling for the time range of 200,000 years ago, the authors have been studying the role the glaciation, covered the De Long Islands and partly the Anjou Islands at the end of Middle Neopleistocene, played in the formation of permafrost and gas hydrates stability zone. For the modeling purpose, we used actual geological borehole cross-sections from the New Siberia Island. The modeling was conducted at geothermal flux densities of 50, 60, and 75 mW/m2 for glacial and extraglacial conditions. Based on the modeling results, the glaciated area is characterized by permafrost thickness of 150–200 m lower than under extraglacial conditions. The lower boundary of the gas hydrate stability zone in the glacial area at 50–60 mW/m2 is located 300 m higher than the same under extraglacial conditions. At 75 mW/m2 in the area of 20–40 m isobaths, open taliks are formed, and the gas hydrate stability zone was destroyed in the middle of the Holocene. The specified conditions and events were being formed in the course of the historical development of the glacial area with a predominance of the marine conditions peculiar to it from the middle of the Middle Neopleistocene. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geophysical Modeling of the Arctic Environment under Climate Changes)
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27 pages, 94114 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Atmospheric Circulation Associated with Variability of Sea Ice in the Arctic
by Gennady Platov, Dina Iakshina and Vladimir Krupchatnikov
Geosciences 2020, 10(9), 359; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10090359 - 06 Sep 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1985
Abstract
The paper investigates the role of atmospheric circulation in the surface layer in forming the Arctic ice structure. For the analysis, the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method of decomposition of the surface wind field is used, and the reaction of ice to changes [...] Read more.
The paper investigates the role of atmospheric circulation in the surface layer in forming the Arctic ice structure. For the analysis, the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method of decomposition of the surface wind field is used, and the reaction of ice to changes in the principal components of leading EOF modes is investigated using statistical methods. Analyzing the rate of ice change in the Arctic associated with the Arctic ocean oscillation mode, we concluded that this mode’s variability leads to the formation of a seesaw in the ice field between two regions. From the one side, it is the region of the central deep-water part of the Arctic, including the East Siberian Sea, and from the other side, it is all other marginal seas. The second (“dipole”) mode is most associated with an increase/decrease in the ice thickness at the Arctic exit through the Fram Strait, as well as the formation of the so-called “ice factory” in the coastal region of the Beaufort Sea in the positive phase of this mode. There is also a significant relationship between the variability of third mode and the arrival of Atlantic waters with a high heat content into the Arctic through the Barents opening, which creates preconditions for ice formation in this region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geophysical Modeling of the Arctic Environment under Climate Changes)
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