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Detecting Geospace Perturbations Caused by Earth

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A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Hazards".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 22424

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Georgios Balasis

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Guest Editor

Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa & Vas. Pavlou Street, GR-15236 Penteli, Greece
Interests: space physics; space weather; geomagnetism; magnetic storms; complex systems; extreme geophysical events
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Angelo De Santis

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Guest Editor

National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (Italy), Via di Vigna Murata, 605, 00143 Roma, RM, Italy
Interests: harmonic analysis; fractals; exploration geophysics; space weather; geomagnetism; seismology; ionosphere; remote sensing; satellite data analysis; geodynamics; tsunami
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Atmospheric gravity waves, produced by atmospheric processes, including tropospheric weather-related events and high-altitude forcing in the auroral zone, have long been known to produce traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs), observed using radars (e.g., ionossondes). More recently, TIDs produced by atmospheric waves associated with natural hazards (e.g., Tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes) have been observed, which has been partly facilitated by the availability of newer technologies, such as GPS-derived total electron content (TEC). When TIDs are produced, airglow emission variations are often also produced that are tied to the ion chemistry, also providing a way to observe the atmospheric signatures of natural hazard events. Magnetic fluctuations associated with ground currents induced by earthquakes have also been attributed to ionospheric disturbances. The interpretation of these observations has been aided by sophisticated numerical models.

This Special Issue will include papers presenting ionospheric and airglow observations of disturbances related to natural hazards, specialized data analysis methods, modelling/simulation of the generation of waves/disturbances due to natural hazard sources, the propagation of such disturbances, and their interaction with ionospheric processes. Ideally, papers will also attempt to discuss outstanding issues, limitations of either the models, data analysis methods, and/or observations, and ideas for novel future research.

Dr. Georgios Balasis
Dr. Angelo De Santis
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Natural hazards
Gravity waves
Magnetospheric Waves
Geospace disturbances
Earth Observation

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 154 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial of Special Issue “Detecting Geospace Perturbations Caused by Earth”

by Georgios Balasis and Angelo De Santis

Geosciences 2021, 11(12), 496; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11120496 - 06 Dec 2021

Viewed by 1725

Abstract

A systematic multiparametric and multiplatform approach to detect and study geo-space perturbations attributed to preparation processes related to natural hazards is fundamental in order to obtain useful insights on a series of complex dynamic phenomena of the Earth system, namely, earthquakes, volcanic and [...] Read more.

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detecting Geospace Perturbations Caused by Earth)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

23 pages, 6809 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Exploratory Study of Geospace Perturbations Using Financial Analysis Tools in the Context of Complex Systems

by Pavlos I. Zitis, Stelios M. Potirakis, Georgios Balasis and Konstantinos Eftaxias

Geosciences 2021, 11(6), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11060239 - 01 Jun 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2858

Abstract

In the frame of complex systems research, methods used to quantitatively analyze specific dynamic phenomena are often used to analyze phenomena from other disciplines on the grounds that are governed by similar dynamics. Technical analysis is considered the oldest, currently omnipresent, method for financial markets analysis, which uses past prices aiming at the possible short-term forecast of future prices. This work is the first attempt to explore the applicability of technical analysis tools on disturbance storm time (

D_{s t}

) index time series, aiming at the identification of similar features between the

D_{s t}

time series during magnetic storms (MSs) and asset price time series. We employ the following financial analysis tools: simple moving average (

S M A

), Bollinger bands, and relative strength index (

R S I

), formulating an analysis approach based on various features, appearing in financial time series during high volatility periods, that could be found during the different phases of the evolution of an MS (onset, main development, and recovery phase), focusing on the temporal sequence they occur. The applicability of the proposed analysis approach is examined on several MS events and the results reveal similar behavior with the financial time series in high volatility periods. We postulate that these specialized data analysis methods could be combined in the future with other statistical and complex systems time series analysis methods in order to form a useful toolbox for the study of geospace perturbations related to natural hazards. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detecting Geospace Perturbations Caused by Earth)

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28 pages, 11152 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of Pre-Earthquake Ionospheric and Atmospheric Disturbances for Three Large Earthquakes in Mexico

by Christina Oikonomou, Haris Haralambous, Sergey Pulinets, Aakriti Khadka, Shukra R. Paudel, Veronika Barta, Buldan Muslim, Konstantinos Kourtidis, Athanasios Karagioras and Samed İnyurt

Geosciences 2021, 11(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11010016 - 30 Dec 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6121

Abstract

The purpose of the present study is to investigate simultaneously pre-earthquake ionospheric and atmospheric disturbances by the application of different methodologies, with the ultimate aim to detect their possible link with the impending seismic event. Three large earthquakes in Mexico are selected (8.2 Mw, 7.1 Mw and 6.6 Mw during 8 and 19 September 2017 and 21 January 2016 respectively), while ionospheric variations during the entire year 2017 prior to 37 earthquakes are also examined. In particular, Total Electron Content (TEC) retrieved from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) networks and Atmospheric Chemical Potential (ACP) variations extracted from an atmospheric model are analyzed by performing statistical and spectral analysis on TEC measurements with the aid of Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs), Ionospheric Precursor Mask (IPM) methodology and time series and regional maps of ACP. It is found that both large and short scale ionospheric anomalies occurring from few hours to a few days prior to the seismic events may be linked to the forthcoming events and most of them are nearly concurrent with atmospheric anomalies happening during the same day. This analysis also highlights that even in low-latitude areas it is possible to discern pre-earthquake ionospheric disturbances possibly linked with the imminent seismic events. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detecting Geospace Perturbations Caused by Earth)

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10 pages, 1679 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Swarm Satellite Magnetic Field Data Analysis Prior to 2019 Mw = 7.1 Ridgecrest (California, USA) Earthquake

by Dedalo Marchetti, Angelo De Santis, Saioa A. Campuzano, Maurizio Soldani, Alessandro Piscini, Dario Sabbagh, Gianfranco Cianchini, Loredana Perrone and Martina Orlando

Geosciences 2020, 10(12), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10120502 - 18 Dec 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3106

Abstract

This work presents an analysis of the ESA Swarm satellite magnetic data preceding the Mw = 7.1 California Ridgecrest earthquake that occurred on 6 July 2019. In detail, we show the main results of a procedure that investigates the track-by-track residual of the magnetic field data acquired by the Swarm constellation from 1000 days before the event and inside the Dobrovolsky’s area. To exclude global geomagnetic perturbations, we select the data considering only quiet geomagnetic field time, defined by thresholds on Dst and a_p geomagnetic indices, and we repeat the same analysis in two comparison areas at the same geomagnetic latitude of the Ridgecrest earthquake epicentre not affected by significant seismicity and in the same period here investigated. As the main result, we find some increases of the anomalies in the Y (East) component of the magnetic field starting from about 500 days before the earthquake. Comparing such anomalies with those in the validation areas, it seems that the geomagnetic activity over California from 222 to 168 days before the mainshock could be produced by the preparation phase of the seismic event. This anticipation time is compatible with the Rikitake empirical law, recently confirmed from Swarm satellite data. Furthermore, the Swarm Bravo satellite, i.e., that one at highest orbit, passed above the epicentral area 15 min before the earthquake and detected an anomaly mainly in the Y component. These analyses applied to the Ridgecrest earthquake not only intend to better understand the physical processes behind the preparation phase of the medium-large earthquakes in the world, but also demonstrate the usefulness of a satellite constellation to monitor the ionospheric activity and, in the future, to possibly make reliable earthquake forecasting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detecting Geospace Perturbations Caused by Earth)

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11 pages, 1529 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ionosonde Data Analysis in Relation to the 2016 Central Italian Earthquakes

by Alessandro Ippolito, Loredana Perrone, Angelo De Santis and Dario Sabbagh

Geosciences 2020, 10(9), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10090354 - 05 Sep 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3199

Abstract

Ionospheric characteristics and crustal earthquakes that occurred in 2016 next to the town of Amatrice, Italy are studied together with the previous events that took place from 1984 to 2009 in Central Italy. The earthquakes with M larger than 5.5 and epicentral distances from the ionosonde less than 150 km were selected for the analysis. A multiparametric approach was applied using variations of sporadic E-layer parameters (the height and the transparency frequency) together with variations of the F2 layer critical frequency foF2 at the Rome ionospheric observatory. Only ionospheric data under quiet geomagnetic conditions were considered. The inclusion of new 2016 events has allowed us to clarify the earlier-obtained seismo-ionospheric empirical relationships linking the distance in space (km) and time (days) between the ionospheric anomaly and the impending earthquake, with its magnitude. The improved dependencies were shown to be similar to those obtained in previous studies in different parts of the world. The possibility of using the obtained relationships for earthquake predictions is discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detecting Geospace Perturbations Caused by Earth)

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26 pages, 9773 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tropospheric and Ionospheric Anomalies Induced by Volcanic and Saharan Dust Events as Part of Geosphere Interaction Phenomena

by Valerio Tramutoli, Francesco Marchese, Alfredo Falconieri, Carolina Filizzola, Nicola Genzano, Katsumi Hattori, Mariano Lisi, Jann-Yenq Liu, Dimitar Ouzounov, Michel Parrot, Nicola Pergola and Sergey Pulinets

Geosciences 2019, 9(4), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9040177 - 17 Apr 2019

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4503

Abstract

In this work, we assessed the possible relation of ionospheric perturbations observed by Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER), Global Positioning System total electron content (GPS TEC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-derived outgoing longwave-Earth radiation (OLR), and atmospheric chemical potential (ACP) measurements, with volcanic and Saharan dust events identified by ground and satellite-based medium infrared/thermal infrared (MIR/TIR) observations. The results indicated that the Mt. Etna (Italy) volcanic activity of 2006 was probably responsible for the ionospheric perturbations revealed by DEMETER on 4 November and 6 December and by GPS TEC observations on 4 November and 12 December. This activity also affected the OLR (on 26 October; 6 and 23 November; and 2, 6, and 14 December) and ACP (on 31 October–1 November) analyses. Similarly, two massive Saharan dust episodes, detected by Robust Satellite Techniques (RST) using Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) optical data, probably caused the ionospheric anomalies recorded, based on DEMETER and GPS TEC observations, over the Mediterranean basin in May 2008. The study confirmed the perturbing effects of volcanic and dust events on tropospheric and ionospheric parameters. Further, it demonstrated the advantages of using independent satellite observations to investigate atmospheric phenomena, which may not always be well documented. The impact of this increased detection capacity in reducing false positives, in the framework of a short-term seismic hazard forecast based on the study of ionospheric and tropospheric anomalies, is also addressed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detecting Geospace Perturbations Caused by Earth)

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