Submit to Energies Review for Energies Propose a Special Issue

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser

Performance of Induction Machines

Print Special Issue Flyer
Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Published Papers

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2022) | Viewed by 35776

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special issue Performance of Induction Machines book cover image

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ryszard Palka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Sikorskiego 37, 70-313 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: electrical machines; numerical field calculations; optimization of electromagnetic fields; HTS machines and bearings
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As Guest Editor, I am inviting you to submit papers to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject of “Performance of Induction Machines”.

Induction machines are one of the most important technical applications for both the industrial world and private use. Since they were invented (the works of Galileo Ferraris, Nikola Tesla, and Michal Doliwo-Dobrowolski) until today, they have been widely used thanks to such features as reliability, durability, low price, high efficiency, and resistance to failure. Induction machines are used in different electrical drives and as generators. The “strongest player” in the automotive sector, which is the Tesla concern, used only induction motors in its designs.

The main objective of this Special Issue on “Performance of Induction Machines” aims to contribute to the development of induction machines in all areas of applications. We encourage scientists and engineers to present the results of their recent research in the field of design and application of induction machines.

We are pleased to accept original research as well as review articles.

Topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to:

Simulation tools, modeling, and analysis of induction machines;
Induction motors and generators;
Design methods of induction machines;
Optimization of induction machines;
Linear induction motors for transportation systems;
Power electronics used for supply and control of induction machines;
New technologies, materials, devices, and systems for induction machines.

Submit your paper and select the Journal “Energies” and the Special Issue “Performance of Induction Machines” via: MDPI submission system. Please contact the special issue editor ([email protected]) for any queries. Our papers will be published on a rolling basis and we will be pleased to receive your submission once you have finished it.

Prof. Dr. Ryszard Palka
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Induction machines
Induction generators
Control of induction machines
Linear induction motors

Published Papers (12 papers)

Download All Papers

Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 178 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

The Performance of Induction Machines

by Ryszard Palka

Energies 2022, 15(9), 3291; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093291 - 30 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1358

Abstract

Induction machines are one of the most important technical applications for both the industrial world and private use [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Performance of Induction Machines)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

21 pages, 5625 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Static and Dynamic Simulation of an Induction Motor Using Matlab/Simulink

by P. F. Le Roux and M. K. Ngwenyama

Energies 2022, 15(10), 3564; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103564 - 12 May 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5893

Abstract

Industries are adequately configured with the operational devices that are required to develop induction motors. Engineers should precisely comprehend the kind of equipment that is constructed, as with every other production system, and should start by having the goal in their perspective. An adaptable simulation of an induction motor with a protective scheme is presented. The adaptable simulation assists engineers in accurately designing motors that meet all protective standards for certain purposes. This work achieved simulations of induction motors in stable and unstable conditions. An extensive study was performed to determine the optimum design of an induction motor. This paper attempts to provide engineers with a thorough grasp of the adaptable modelling of an induction motor. In this work, a direct dq0-direct axis algorithm is presented to implement both static and dynamic modelling of a three-phase induction machine due to possible faults and high-performance requirements in induction machines. The proposed algorithm was tested against several conventional methods, and it was observed that under the stable condition of the machinery, the proposed algorithm could remove any developing faults. This conserves time and minimises the labour required of the operator, which makes the proposed algorithm more efficient. Furthermore, the machine is demonstrated in a steady-state performance with respect to the current, active power, efficiency, reactive power, power factor, and speed when the torque loads range from 0 to 125% of its nominal torque. The transient behaviour of the machine was shown through the current, electromagnetic torque, electromagnetic torque versus speed, and speed under no-load, half-load (50%), and full-load (100%) conditions. Finally, the results of the proposed technique were compared to the results of the measured parameters. It was observed that when the load changed from a half load (50%) to a full load (100%), then the supply voltage was suddenly halved with the load at full load (100%). It was observed that the proposed algorithm provides accurate estimates with a deviation of not more than +/−2% from the measured parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Performance of Induction Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

31 pages, 11453 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Performance Evaluation of Three-Phase Induction Electric Motors between 1945 and 2020

by Danilo Ferreira de Souza, Francisco Antônio Marino Salotti, Ildo Luís Sauer, Hédio Tatizawa, Aníbal Traça de Almeida and Arnaldo Gakiya Kanashiro

Energies 2022, 15(6), 2002; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15062002 - 09 Mar 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 6576

Abstract

In the late 19th century, the three-phase induction motor was the central element of productivity increase in the second industrial revolution in Europe and the United States. Currently, it is the main load on electrical systems in global terms, reaching approximately 70% of electrical energy consumption in the industrial sector worldwide. During the 20th century, electric motors underwent intense technological innovations that enabled significant performance gains. Thus, this work analyses the performance changes in squirrel-cage rotor three-phase induction electric motors (SCIMs) with mechanical powers of 3.7 kW, 37 kW, and 150 kW and speed ranges corresponding to two poles and eight poles, connected to a low voltage at a frequency of 60 Hz and tested between 1945 and 2020. The study confirms accumulated performance gains of above 10% in some cases. Insulating materials for electrical conductors have gone through several generations (cotton, silk, and currently, varnish). Improvements to the housing for cooling, the bearings, the quality of active materials, and the design were the elements that enabled the high gains in performance. The first commercial two-pole SCIM with a shaft power of 4.4 kW was marketed in 1891, with a weight/power ratio of 86 kg/kW, and until the 2000s, this value gradually decreased, eventually reaching 4.8 kg/kW. Between 2000 and 2020, this ratio showed a reversed trend based on improvements in the performance of SCIMs. More active materials were used, causing the weight/power ratio to reach 8.6 kg/kW. The MEPS (minimum energy performance standards) of SCIMs had an essential role in the performance gain over the last three decades. Data collection was via tests at the Electrical Machines Laboratory of the Institute of Energy and Environment of the University of São Paulo. The laboratory has a history of tests on electrical equipment dating from 1911. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Performance of Induction Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 2011 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiple Fault Detection in Induction Motors through Homogeneity and Kurtosis Computation

by Ana L. Martinez-Herrera, Edna R. Ferrucho-Alvarez, Luis M. Ledesma-Carrillo, Ruth I. Mata-Chavez, Misael Lopez-Ramirez and Eduardo Cabal-Yepez

Energies 2022, 15(4), 1541; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041541 - 19 Feb 2022

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 2455

Abstract

In the last few years, induction motor fault detection has provoked great interest among researchers because it is a fundamental element of the electric-power industry, manufacturing enterprise, and services. Hence, considerable efforts have been carried out on developing reliable, low-cost procedures for fault diagnosis in induction motors (IM) since the early detection of any failure may prevent the machine from suffering a catastrophic damage. Therefore, many methodologies based on the IM startup transient current analysis have been proposed whose major disadvantages are the high mathematical complexity and demanding computational cost for their development. In this study, a straightforward procedure was introduced for identifying and classifying faults in IM. The proposed approach is based on the analysis of the startup transient current signal through the current signal homogeneity and the fourth central moment (kurtosis) analysis. These features are used for training a feed-forward, backpropagation artificial neural network used as a classifier. From experimentally obtained results, it was demonstrated that the brought-in scheme attained high certainty in recognizing and discriminating among five induction motor conditions, i.e., a motor in good physical condition (HLT), a motor with one broken rotor bar (1BRB), a motor with two broken rotor bars (2BRB), a motor with damage on the bearing outer race (BRN), and a motor with an unbalanced mechanical load (UNB). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Performance of Induction Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 4642 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Approach for the Model and Parameter Selection for the Calculation of Induction Machines

by Martin Nell, Alexander Kubin and Kay Hameyer

Energies 2021, 14(18), 5623; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185623 - 07 Sep 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1575

Abstract

The solution of multiphysical problems in the field of electrical machines is a complex task that involves the modeling of a wide variety of coupled physical domains. Different types of models and solution methods can be used to model and solve the individual domains. In this paper a procedure for the methodical selection of the most suitable model for a given multiphysics task is presented. Furthermore, an approach for the selection of the most suitable variable machine parameters for a design optimization is presented. The model selection is presented on the basis of the electromagnetic calculation of an induction machine. For this purpose, models of different value ranges and levels of detail, such as analytical and numerical ones, are considered. The approach of the model selection is explained and applied on the basis of a coupled electromagnetic-thermal simulation of an exemplary induction machine. The results show that the model selection presented here can be used to methodically determine the most suitable model in terms of its value range, level of detail and computational effort for a given multiphysical problem. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Performance of Induction Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 1746 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Stage Optimization of Induction Machines Using Methods for Model and Parameter Selection

by Martin Nell, Alexander Kubin and Kay Hameyer

Energies 2021, 14(17), 5537; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175537 - 04 Sep 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1564

Abstract

Optimization methods are increasingly used for the design process of electrical machines. The quality of the optimization result and the necessary simulation effort depend on the optimization methods, machine models and optimization parameters used. This paper presents a multi-stage optimization environment for the design optimization of induction machines. It uses the strategies of simulated annealing, evolution strategy and pattern search. Artificial neural networks are used to reduce the solution effort of the optimization. The selection of the electromagnetic machine model is made in each optimization stage using a methodical model selection approach. The selection of the optimization parameters is realized by a methodical parameter selection approach. The optimization environment is applied on the basis of an optimization for the design of an electric traction machine using the example of an induction machine and its suitability for the design of a machine is verified by a comparison with a reference machine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Performance of Induction Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 7471 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Procedure for the Accurate Modelling of Ring Induction Motors

by Krzysztof Tomczyk, Tomasz Makowski, Małgorzata Kowalczyk, Ksenia Ostrowska and Piotr Beńko

Energies 2021, 14(17), 5469; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175469 - 02 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1365

Abstract

This paper proposes a procedure for the accurate modelling of the ring induction motors (RIMs), based on the Monte Carlo (MC) method and the relations presented in the relevant metrology guidelines. Modelling was carried out based on the measured data for the torque-slip characteristic (TSC) and using the equivalent circuit for the RIM. The parameters included an extended Kloss equation (EKE) and the associated uncertainties were determined using the MC method. The polynomial procedure was applied as a numerical tool to complement the MC method to determine the power losses in the stator iron and the relevant uncertainty. This is in line with international standards for the theory of uncertainty application in the field of engineering. The novelty of this paper refers to the accurate modelling of the RIMs obtained by determining the corresponding uncertainties. The procedure presented in this paper was developed based on the assumption that the parameters of the equivalent circuit are independent of the temperature, influence of core saturation, and the phenomenon of current displacement. Our procedure can be successfully used for both the theoretical calculations related to the modelling of the RIMs, and in practical applications involving detailed measurements and the corresponding uncertainties. The use of the MC method allowed for significant improvement in the modelling results, in terms of both the TSC and EKE. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Performance of Induction Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 3487 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Accounting for Slot Harmonics and Nonsinusoidal Unbalanced Voltage Supply in High-Speed Solid-Rotor Induction Motor Using Complex Multi-Harmonic Finite Element Analysis

by Tomasz Garbiec and Mariusz Jagiela

Energies 2021, 14(17), 5404; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175404 - 30 Aug 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2100

Abstract

Solid rotor induction machines are still used in high-speed systems. A two-dimensional field-circuit model based on the finite element method and the complex magnetic vector potential has been shown as a very time-effective tool in the analysis of their steady states compared to time-domain models. This continuation work presents a validated computational algorithm that enables the inclusion of the nonsinusoidal and/or asymmetrical voltage supply in the multi-harmonic field-circuit model of these machines that was presented in the previous works by the authors. The extended model accounts for both spatial harmonics due to slotting and/or winding distribution and the time-harmonics due to voltage waveform. The applicability range of the model therefore increases to cases when the machine is supplied with a nonsinusoidal three-phase system of voltages with symmetry or asymmetry that can be decomposed into three symmetrical components. Its short execution time characteristic allows for much more insightful design studies of the contribution of voltage supply- and slotting-related harmonics to the overall efficiency of the machine than is possible with the time-consuming time-domain models. The proposed computational framework has never been presented in the literature. The model is verified positively by the comprehensive time-domain model. It is especially useful in design studies on solid rotor induction motors related to the optimisation of the efficiency of induction motor-based drive systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Performance of Induction Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 49469 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of the Thermal Conductivity of Soft Magnetic Materials in Electric Traction Machines

by Benedikt Groschup, Alexandru Rosca, Nora Leuning and Kay Hameyer

Energies 2021, 14(17), 5310; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175310 - 26 Aug 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2130

Abstract

The power density of traction drives can be increased with advanced cooling systems or reduced losses. In induction machines with housing and shaft cooling, the produced heat in the stator and rotor winding system needs to be extracted over the rotor and stator lamination. The influence of soft magnetic material parameters, such as texture, thickness or alloy components on the magnetization and loss behavior, are well studied. Studies about influencing factors on the thermal conductivity are hard to find. Within this study, eight different soft magnetic materials are analyzed. An analytical approach is introduced to calculate the thermal conductivity. Temperature-dependent measurements of the electric resistivity are performed to obtain sufficient data for the analytical approach. An experimental approach is performed. The thermal diffusivity, density, and specific heat capacity are determined. An accuracy study of all measurements is performed. The analytical and the experimental approach show good agreement for all materials, except very thin specimens. The estimated measurement error of those specimens has high values. The simplified case study illustrates the significant influence of the different soft magnetic materials on the capability to extract the heat in the given application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Performance of Induction Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 5880 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Model-Based Predictive Rotor Field-Oriented Angle Compensation for Induction Machine Drives

by Yang Liu, Jin Zhao and Quan Yin

Energies 2021, 14(8), 2049; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082049 - 07 Apr 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1662

Abstract

In this paper, a model-based predictive rotor field-oriented angle compensation approach is proposed for induction machine drives. Indirect rotor field-oriented control is widely used in induction machine drives for its simple implementation and low cost. However, the accuracy of the rotor field-oriented angle is affected by variable parameters such as the rotor resistance and inductance. An inaccurate rotor field-oriented angle leads to a degradation of the torque and dynamic performance, especially in the high-speed flux-weakening region. Therefore, the d-axis and q-axis currents in the rotation reference frame are predicted based on the model and compared with the feedback current to correct the rotor field-oriented angle. To improve the stability and robustness, the proposed predictive algorithm is based on the storage current, voltage, and velocity data. The algorithm can be easily realized in real-time. Finally, the simulated and experimental results verify the algorithm’s effectiveness on a 7.5 kW induction machine setup. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Performance of Induction Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 3206 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficiency Improvement by Deriving the Optimal Operating Slip Frequency of a Linear-Induction-Style Maglev Train

by Sang-Uk Park, Hyung-Soo Mok, Jae-Won Lim, Hyun-Uk Seo and Sang-Hun Oh

Energies 2020, 13(24), 6544; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13246544 - 11 Dec 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1768

Abstract

While urban maglev trains have the advantage of being optimized for urban environments where noise is low and dust is less generated, their driving efficiency is low when compared to rotary induction motors owing to the structural limitations of linear devices. To compensate for these disadvantages, various studies on train control schemes have been conducted. Representative control methods include improving the efficiency of using slip frequency by directly controlling the propulsion force using vector control. However, this method has limitations in its use as it relates to the normal force that affects the train’s levitation system. Therefore, in this study, mathematical analysis was conducted for each factor that mutually affects the control of the train. On this basis, the magnitude of the normal force related to the safety of the train is limited. Operating efficiency was improved by varying the slip frequency according to the operating conditions of the train. In addition, for verification, the effect was proved through a comparative experiment using an 18 ton class maglev train running at Incheon International Airport. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Performance of Induction Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

22 pages, 7233 KiB

Open AccessReview

Linear Induction Motors in Transportation Systems

by Ryszard Palka and Konrad Woronowicz

Energies 2021, 14(9), 2549; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092549 - 29 Apr 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5503

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the Linear Transportation System (LTS) and focuses on the application of a Linear Induction Motor (LIM) as a major constituent of LTS propulsion. Due to their physical characteristics, linear induction motors introduce many physical phenomena and design constraints that do not occur in the application of the rotary motor equivalent. The efficiency of the LIM is lower than that of the equivalent rotary machine, but, when the motors are compared as integrated constituents of the broader transportation system, the rotary motor’s efficiency advantage diminishes entirely. Against this background, several solutions to the problems still existing in the application of traction linear induction motors are presented based on the scientific research of the authors. Thus, solutions to the following problems are presented here: (a) development of new analytical solutions and finite element methods for LIM evaluation; (b) comparison between the analytical and numerical results, performed with commercial and self-developed software, showing an exceptionally good agreement; (c) self-developed LIM adaptive control methods; (d) LIM performance under voltage supply (non-symmetrical phase current values); (e) method for the power loss evaluation in the LIM reaction rail and the temperature rise prediction method of a traction LIM; and (f) discussion of the performance of the superconducting LIM. The addressed research topics have been chosen for their practical impact on the advancement of a LIM as the preferred urban transport propulsion motor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Performance of Induction Machines)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Performance of Induction Machines

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (12 papers)

Editorial

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI