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Crystals
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Additive Manufacturing of Alloys via Laser-Based Techniques
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Additive Manufacturing of Alloys via Laser-Based Techniques

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2024) | Viewed by 4131

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Joon Phil Choi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of 3D Printing, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Interests: additive manufacturing; 3D printing; advanced manufacturing; materials processing; powder technology
Dr. Swee Leong Sing

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Interests: laser–materials interactions; laser-based advanced manufacturing; powder bed fusion; additive manufacturing; 3D printing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Haining Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Information Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
Interests: 3D printing; machine learning; process modeling and optimization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes have been used in low to moderate volume serial production of a wide range of structures and complex geometries without the need for any tooling, and such processes have been rapidly advancing into various industrial sectors, including aerospace, automotive, biomedical, energy, and defense. In particular, laser-based AM techniques, such as laser powder bed fusion and laser metal deposition, have attracted significant attention for producing metallic components, as they enable the production of complex geometries with reduced wastage of materials.

To date, significant advances in materials for AM have been reported, and research is mostly directed toward processing and applying established alloys (i.e., optimized for cast and wrought processes). However, more research efforts are needed to further develop new materials, particularly alloys specifically designed for AM processes and for more advanced and extreme applications.

In this multidisciplinary Special Issue entitled “Additive Manufacturing of Alloys via Laser-Based Techniques”, we welcome you to submit papers in the following research areas of additive manufacturing, including but not limited to materials design and development for AM; process optimization; novel methods for materials characterization; simulation and modeling of AM; process–structure–property (PSP) relationships; manufacturing technologies in AM, machine learning in AM; innovative applications; any other interesting research topics regarding AM. In addition, perspectives and critical reviews on the current challenges/limitations as well as future directions in the field are also welcomed.

Dr. Joon Phil Choi
Dr. Swee Leong Sing
Dr. Haining Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • additive manufacturing (or 3D printing)
  • alloy design and development
  • advanced metals and alloys
  • process optimization
  • microstructural development
  • modeling and simulation
  • materials characterization
  • process–structure–property (PSP) relationships
  • machine learning/artificial intelligence
  • innovative applications

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3763 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Joinability in Additively Manufactured Interlocking Structures
by Ye-rim Kim, Eun-ah Kim, Joon Phil Choi, Taeho Ha, Soonho Won, Jong Bae Jeon, Se-hun Kwon and Hak-sung Lee
Crystals 2023, 13(11), 1575; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13111575 - 8 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 952
Abstract
This study investigates the challenges of additively manufactured interlocking structures, emphasizing joinability issues due to thermal deformation. These challenges become pronounced when fabricating high-density structures without fully interconnected layers, a trait common in soft magnetic materials. Here, a detailed analysis assessing deformation concerning [...] Read more.
This study investigates the challenges of additively manufactured interlocking structures, emphasizing joinability issues due to thermal deformation. These challenges become pronounced when fabricating high-density structures without fully interconnected layers, a trait common in soft magnetic materials. Here, a detailed analysis assessing deformation concerning pin thickness and build orientation in a representative interlocking model is performed. Utilizing stress and thermal simulations of the additive manufacturing process, it is shown that a compensated design considerably enhances the joinability of these structures. These findings offer valuable perspectives for advancing the design of additive manufacturing components, particularly in soft magnetic materials such as electric motor stators, which require both insulation and density. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive Manufacturing of Alloys via Laser-Based Techniques)
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17 pages, 7641 KiB  
Article
A Study on Metallographic and Machining Characteristics of Functionally Graded Material Produced by Directed Energy Deposition
by Inwoong Noh, Jaehun Jeon and Sang Won Lee
Crystals 2023, 13(10), 1491; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101491 - 13 Oct 2023
Viewed by 933
Abstract
Directed energy deposition (DED) stands as a key process in metal additive manufacturing (AM) and offers the unique capability of creating functionally graded materials (FGMs). FGMs have garnered significant interest in high-value industries by advantages such as performance optimization, reducing material defects, and [...] Read more.
Directed energy deposition (DED) stands as a key process in metal additive manufacturing (AM) and offers the unique capability of creating functionally graded materials (FGMs). FGMs have garnered significant interest in high-value industries by advantages such as performance optimization, reducing material defects, and resolving joining issues. However, post-processing remains a crucial step, indicating a need for further research to understand the machinability of FGMs. This paper focuses on the characteristics analysis of fabricating and machining an FGM based on stainless steel 316L (SAE 316L) and Inconel 718. The FGM was fabricated by starting with SAE 316L at 100 wt.% and adjusting the composition ratio by incrementally increasing Inconel 718 by 20 wt.% while simultaneously decreasing SAE 316L. Following the FGM fabrication, microstructure and mechanical properties were comprehensively analyzed by hardness testing, optical microstructure measurements, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To investigate the post-processing aspects, end-milling experiments were conducted using two distinct milling methods (upward and downward milling) and machining paths (from SAE 316L towards Inconel 718, and vice versa). The mean cutting force peaked at 148.4 N in upward milling and dipped to 70.5 N in downward milling, and tool wear measurements further provided insights into the optimal milling direction when working with an FGM of SAE 316L and Inconel 718. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive Manufacturing of Alloys via Laser-Based Techniques)
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11 pages, 5848 KiB  
Article
Enhancement in the Capillary Performance of Aluminum Groove through Laser Textured Deposition
by Deyuan Lou, Pengjian Chen, Hongliang Jiang, Dongchao Yang, Qibiao Yang, Qing Tao and Dun Liu
Crystals 2023, 13(9), 1397; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091397 - 20 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 856
Abstract
Groove is widely used in the wicks of heat pipes. In this paper, a laser texture deposition (LTD) process was proposed to texture deposit SiO2 in rectangular aluminum groove. Both the SEM and XPS analysis revealed that a fluffy SiO2 layer [...] Read more.
Groove is widely used in the wicks of heat pipes. In this paper, a laser texture deposition (LTD) process was proposed to texture deposit SiO2 in rectangular aluminum groove. Both the SEM and XPS analysis revealed that a fluffy SiO2 layer was deposited on the surface of alumina fluff, which increased the fluff density. Statistically, the density of fluff on the surface of LTD was 1.12 times higher than that on the laser texture (LT) surface, leading to an increase in porosity and decrease in effective capillary radius. This significantly improved the capillary performance of the LTD groove. The results showed that, compared to the Raw and LTD grooves, the increase in height of the LTD groove was enhanced by 2.42 and 1.07 times, respectively, in 5 s, while the capillary performance factor (M) was increased by 2.83 and 1.04 times, respectively, in 1 s. This study introduces a novel process for enhancing the capillary performance of aluminum groove. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive Manufacturing of Alloys via Laser-Based Techniques)
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14 pages, 4016 KiB  
Article
Multi-Modal Laser-Fabricated Nanocomposites with Non-Invasive Tracking Modality and Tuned Plasmonic Properties
by Yury V. Ryabchikov
Crystals 2023, 13(9), 1381; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091381 - 18 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 877
Abstract
Ultrapure composite nanostructures combining semiconductor and metallic elements as a result of ultrafast laser processing are important materials for applications in fields where high chemical purity is a crucial point. Such nanocrystals have already demonstrated prospects in plasmonic biosensing by detecting different analytes [...] Read more.
Ultrapure composite nanostructures combining semiconductor and metallic elements as a result of ultrafast laser processing are important materials for applications in fields where high chemical purity is a crucial point. Such nanocrystals have already demonstrated prospects in plasmonic biosensing by detecting different analytes like dyes and bacteria. However, the structure of the nanocomposites, as well as the control of their properties, are still very challenging due to the significant lack of research in this area. In this paper, the synthesis of silicon–gold nanoparticles was performed using various approaches such as the direct ablation of (i) a gold target immersed in a colloidal solution of silicon nanoparticles and (ii) a silicon wafer immersed in a colloidal solution of plasmonic nanoparticles. The formed nanostructures combine both plasmonic (gold) and paramagnetic (silicon) modalities observed by absorbance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, respectively. A significant narrowing of the size distributions of both types of two-element nanocrystals as compared to single-element ones is shown to be independent of the laser fluence. The impact of the laser ablation time on the chemical stability and the concentration of nanoparticles influencing their both optical properties and electrical conductivity was studied. The obtained results are important from a fundamental point of view for a better understanding of the laser-assisted synthesis of semiconductor–metallic nanocomposites and control of their properties for further applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Additive Manufacturing of Alloys via Laser-Based Techniques)
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