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The Immune Checkpoint HLA-G
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The Immune Checkpoint HLA-G

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 2800

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Philippe Moreau

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, 75475 Paris, France
2. Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, UMR 976, 75475 Paris, France
3. Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, CEDEX 10, 75475 Paris, France
Interests: immune checkpoints; gene regulation; immunogenetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The immune checkpoint HLA-G is a non-classical HLA-class I molecule primarily expressed in extravillous trophoblast cells; it was first described to play a critical role in protecting the fetus from destruction by the maternal immune system. While HLA-G expression in healthy tissues is restricted to immune-privileged sites, it is upregulated in several pathological situations and may be beneficial (allogenic transplantation, autoimmune diseases) or harmful (cancer, viral and parasitic infections) for patients. Unlike other checkpoints, the interaction of HLA-G with ILT-2 and ILT-4 receptors inhibits all actors and blocks all stages of an immune response, from APC activation and effector priming to the function of fully activated CTLs, NK cells or B cells.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present recent advances in HLA-G regulation and HLA-G function in the context of pregnancy, transplantation, cancer, infectious diseases, chronic inflammatory pathologies and autoimmunity. HLA-G can be considered on its own or in conjunction with other known immune checkpoints. In addition, research papers and review articles on the development of therapeutic and monitoring tools involving HLA-G and its receptors are also of interest.

Dr. Philippe Moreau
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • HLA-G regulation
  • HLA-G function
  • HLA-G/ILT-2/ILT-4 immune checkpoint
  • Pregnancy
  • Transplantation
  • Cancer
  • Infectious diseases
  • Inflammation and autoimmune diseases
  • Therapeutic and monitoring tools

Related Special Issues

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 510 KiB  
Article
HLA-G, LILRB1 and LILRB2 Variants in Zika Virus Transmission from Mother to Child in a Population from South and Southeast of Brazil
by Amarilis Giaretta de Moraes, Christiane Maria Ayo, Laise Nayana Sala Elpídio, Victor Hugo de Souza, Aléia Harumi Uchibaba Yamanaka, Maurício Lacerda Nogueira, Saulo Duarte Passos, Cinara Cássia Brandão, Luiz Carlos de Mattos, Greicy Cezar do Amaral, Quirino Alves de Lima Neto and Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2022, 44(7), 2783-2793; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb44070191 - 27 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2398
Abstract
During the 2015–2016 epidemic, Brazil was the country with the highest rate of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the Americas. Twenty-nine percent of pregnant women positive for ZIKV exhibited ultrasound scans with fetus anomalies. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) exerts immunoregulatory effects by binding [...] Read more.
During the 2015–2016 epidemic, Brazil was the country with the highest rate of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the Americas. Twenty-nine percent of pregnant women positive for ZIKV exhibited ultrasound scans with fetus anomalies. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) exerts immunoregulatory effects by binding to inhibitory receptors, namely LILRB1 and LILRB2, thus preventing mother–fetus rejection and vertical pathogen transmission. The binding of HLA-G to one of its receptors modulates both innate and adaptive immunity. However, in a viral infection, these molecules may behave as pathogenic mediators shifting the pregnancy environment from an anti-inflammatory profile to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Genetic mutations might be associated with the change in phenotype. This study aimed to explore the possible role of polymorphic sites in HLA-G, LILRB1 and LILRB2 in mother–fetus ZIKV transmission. Polymorphisms were detected by direct sequencing. Differences in allele and/or genotype frequencies for each SNP analyzed among ZIKV non-transmitting and transmitting mother–child pairs, among ZIKV-transmitting and non-transmitting mothers and between ZIKV-infected and non-infected children were compared by Mid-P exact test or Yates’ correction. Significant susceptibility of ZIKV vertical transmission is suggested in ZIKV-transmitting and non-transmitting mothers and ZIKV-infected and non-infected children for LILRB1_rs1061684 T/T (p = 0.03, Pc = 0.06, OR = 12.4; p = 0.008, Pc = 0.016, OR = 16.4) and LILRB1_rs16985478 A/A (p = 0.01, Pc = 0.02, OR = 19.2; p = 0.008, Pc = 0.016, OR = 16.4). HLA-G_rs1710 (p = 0.04, Pc = 0.52, OR = 4.30) was also a susceptibility factor. LILRB2_rs386056 G/A (p = 0.02, Pc = 0.08, OR = 0.07), LILRB2_rs7247451 G/G (p = 0.01, Pc = 0.04, OR = 0.04) and HLAG_rs9380142 T/T (p = 0.04, Pc = 0.52, OR = 0.14) were suggested as protective factors against vertical transmission. The current study suggests that polymorphic sites in the LILRB1 and HLA-G genes might be associated with mother-to-child ZIKV transmission while LILRB2 might be associated with protection against ZIKV transmission in the womb in a population from the south and southeast of Brazil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Immune Checkpoint HLA-G)
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