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Biosensors
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Photonic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications
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Photonic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical and Photonic Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 July 2023) | Viewed by 19915

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Zigmas Balevičius

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Guest Editor
Plasmonics and nanophotonics lab., Department of Laser Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio al. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: nanophotonics; plasmonics; optical biosensing; immunosensors; optical gas sensing; surface spectroscopy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The scientific journal MDPI Biosensors would like to invite you to submit your latest research to the Special Issue entitled “Photonic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications”. The technological progress in the manufacturing of photonic nanostructures and thin films has led to the vast application of light manipulation in many areas of science and technology. The characterization of optical properties and the design of photonic structures with desired optical parameters have created new possibilities to manage the light in such structures and, as a result, to develop optical sensors with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. This Special Issue is devoted to all kinds of optical sensing based on photonic nanostructures and surfaces. The aim of this Special Issue is to present the latest experimental and theoretical studies in the field of optical sensing based on photonic nanostructures and surfaces within original research and review articles. Topics include, but are not limited to, the studies of optical gas sensing in the fields of:

  • optical biosensing;
  • gas sensing;
  • immunosensors;
  • photonic-crystals-based optical sensing;
  • refractive index sensing;
  • plasmonics-based sensors;
  • whispering gallery mode sensors;
  • bloch surface-waves-based sensing;
  • waveguides based sensing;
  • microscopy;
  • photoluminesce-based sensing;
  • biophotonics and photonics for medicine.

Prof. Dr. Zigmas Balevičius
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanophotonic sensors
  • surface plasmon resonance
  • bio-sensing
  • immunosensors
  • photonic-crystal-based sensors
  • refractive index sensors
  • biochemical interaction
  • protein-protein interaction
  • gas sensors

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 201 KiB  
Editorial
Photonic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications
by Zigmas Balevičius
Biosensors 2022, 12(11), 1021; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12111021 - 15 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1093
Abstract
Biosensors are described as analytical devices in which biological substances are detected by using various physicochemical detection systems [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

8 pages, 1322 KiB  
Communication
Single Shot Lensless Interferenceless Phase Imaging of Biochemical Samples Using Synchrotron near Infrared Beam
by Molong Han, Daniel Smith, Soon Hock Ng, Tomas Katkus, Aravind Simon John Francis Rajeswary, Periyasamy Angamuthu Praveen, Keith R. Bambery, Mark J. Tobin, Jitraporn Vongsvivut, Saulius Juodkazis and Vijayakumar Anand
Biosensors 2022, 12(12), 1073; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12121073 - 24 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1432
Abstract
Phase imaging of biochemical samples has been demonstrated for the first time at the Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) beamline of the Australian Synchrotron using the usually discarded near-IR (NIR) region of the synchrotron-IR beam. The synchrotron-IR beam at the Australian Synchrotron IRM beamline has [...] Read more.
Phase imaging of biochemical samples has been demonstrated for the first time at the Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) beamline of the Australian Synchrotron using the usually discarded near-IR (NIR) region of the synchrotron-IR beam. The synchrotron-IR beam at the Australian Synchrotron IRM beamline has a unique fork shaped intensity distribution as a result of the gold coated extraction mirror shape, which includes a central slit for rejection of the intense X-ray beam. The resulting beam configuration makes any imaging task challenging. For intensity imaging, the fork shaped beam is usually tightly focused to a point on the sample plane followed by a pixel-by-pixel scanning approach to record the image. In this study, a pinhole was aligned with one of the lobes of the fork shaped beam and the Airy diffraction pattern was used to illuminate biochemical samples. The diffracted light from the samples was captured using a NIR sensitive lensless camera. A rapid phase-retrieval algorithm was applied to the recorded intensity distributions to reconstruct the phase information. The preliminary results are promising to develop multimodal imaging capabilities at the IRM beamline of the Australian Synchrotron. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications)
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11 pages, 1497 KiB  
Article
Plasmonic Biosensing for Label-Free Detection of Two Hallmarks of Cancer Cells: Cell-Matrix Interaction and Cell Division
by Maria Carcelen, Veronica Vidal, Alfredo Franco, Marcos Gomez, Fernando Moreno and Jose L Fernandez-Luna
Biosensors 2022, 12(9), 674; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12090674 - 24 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2130
Abstract
Two key features of cancer cells are sustained proliferation and invasion, which is preceded by a modification of the adhesion properties to the extracellular matrix. Currently, fluorescence-based techniques are mainly used to detect these processes, including flow cytometry and fluorescence resonance energy transfer [...] Read more.
Two key features of cancer cells are sustained proliferation and invasion, which is preceded by a modification of the adhesion properties to the extracellular matrix. Currently, fluorescence-based techniques are mainly used to detect these processes, including flow cytometry and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy. We have previously described a simple, fast and label-free method based on a gold nanohole array biosensor to detect the spectral response of single cells, which is highly dependent on the actin cortex. Here we used this biosensor to study two cellular processes where configuration of the actin cortex plays an essential role: cell cycle and cell–matrix adhesion. Colorectal cancer cells were maintained in culture under different conditions to obtain cells stopped either in G0/G1 (resting cells/cells at the initial steps of cell growth) or G2 (cells undergoing division) phases of the cell cycle. Data from the nanohole array biosensor showed an ability to discriminate between both cell populations. Additionally, cancer cells were monitored with the biosensor during the first 60 min after cells were deposited onto a biosensor coated with fibronectin, an extracellular matrix protein. Spectral changes were detected in the first 20 min and increased over time as the cell–biosensor contact surface increased. Our data show that the nanohole array biosensor provides a label-free and real-time procedure to detect cells undergoing division or changes in cell–matrix interaction in both clinical and research settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications)
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13 pages, 3511 KiB  
Article
Highly Sensitive Refractive Index Sensor Based on Polymer Bragg Grating: A Case Study on Extracellular Vesicles Detection
by Nabarun Saha, Giuseppe Brunetti, Arun Kumar, Mario Nicola Armenise and Caterina Ciminelli
Biosensors 2022, 12(6), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12060415 - 15 Jun 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2622
Abstract
The measurement of small changes in the refractive index (RI) leads to a comprehensive analysis of different biochemical substances, paving the way to non-invasive and cost-effective medical diagnosis. In recent times, the liquid biopsy for cancer detection via extracellular vesicles (EV) in the [...] Read more.
The measurement of small changes in the refractive index (RI) leads to a comprehensive analysis of different biochemical substances, paving the way to non-invasive and cost-effective medical diagnosis. In recent times, the liquid biopsy for cancer detection via extracellular vesicles (EV) in the bodily fluid is becoming very popular thanks to less invasiveness and stability. In this context, here we propose a highly sensitive RI sensor based on a compact high-index-coated polymer waveguide Bragg grating with a metal under cladding. Owing to the combined effect of a metal under cladding and a high-index coating, a significant enhancement in the RI sensitivity as well as the dynamic range has been observed. The proposed sensor has been analyzed by combining finite element method (FEM) and coupled-mode theory (CMT) approaches, demonstrating a sensitivity of 408–861 nm/RIU over a broad dynamic range of 1.32–1.44, and a strong evanescent field within a 150 nm proximity to the waveguide surface compliant with EV size. The aforementioned performance makes the proposed device suitable for performing real-time and on-chip diagnoses of cancer in the early stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications)
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23 pages, 3852 KiB  
Article
Near-Infrared Transflectance Spectroscopy Discriminates Solutions Containing Two Commercial Formulations of Botulinum Toxin Type A Diluted at Recommended Volumes for Clinical Reconstitution
by Antonio Currà, Riccardo Gasbarrone, Giuseppe Bonifazi, Silvia Serranti, Francesco Fattapposta, Carlo Trompetto, Lucio Marinelli, Paolo Missori and Eugenio Lendaro
Biosensors 2022, 12(4), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12040216 - 6 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2246
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) is the active substance in pharmaceutical preparations widely used worldwide for the highly effective treatment of various disorders. Among the three commercial formulations of BoNT-A currently available in Italy for neurological indications, abobotulinum A toxin (Dysport®, [...] Read more.
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) is the active substance in pharmaceutical preparations widely used worldwide for the highly effective treatment of various disorders. Among the three commercial formulations of BoNT-A currently available in Italy for neurological indications, abobotulinum A toxin (Dysport®, Ipsen SpA, Milano, Italy) and incobotulinum A toxin (Xeomin®, Merz Pharma Italia srl, Milano, Italy) differ in the content of neurotoxin, non-toxic protein, and excipients. Clinical applications of BoNT-A adopt extremely diluted solutions (10−6 mg/mL) for injection in the target body district. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and chemometrics allow rapid, non-invasive, and non-destructive methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis. No data are available to date on the chemometric analysis of the spectral fingerprints acquired from the diluted commercial formulations of BoNT-A. In this proof-of-concept study, we tested whether NIRS can categorize solutions of incobotulinum A toxin (lacking non-toxic proteins) and abobotulinum A toxin (containing non-toxic proteins). Distinct excipients in the two formulations were also analyzed. We acquired transmittance spectra in the visible and short-wave infrared regions (350–2500 nm) by an ASD FieldSpec 4™ Standard-Res Spectrophotoradiometer, using a submerged dip probe designed to read spectra in transflectance mode from liquid samples. After preliminary spectra pre-processing, principal component analysis was applied to characterize the spectral features of the two BoNT-A solutions and those of the various excipients diluted according to clinical standards. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis was used to implement a classification model able to discriminate the BoNT-A solutions and excipients. NIRS distinguished solutions containing distinct BoNT-A commercial formulations (abobotulinum A toxin vs. incobotulinum A toxin) diluted at recommended volumes for clinical reconstitution, distinct proteins (HSA vs. incobotulinum A toxin), very diluted solutions of simple sugars (lactose vs. sucrose), and saline or water. Predictive models of botulinum toxin formulations were also performed with the highest precision and accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications)
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15 pages, 2495 KiB  
Article
Microbial Fuel Cell Based on Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobium anhuiense Bacteria
by Rokas Žalnėravičius, Algimantas Paškevičius, Urtė Samukaitė-Bubnienė, Simonas Ramanavičius, Monika Vilkienė, Ieva Mockevičienė and Arūnas Ramanavičius
Biosensors 2022, 12(2), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12020113 - 11 Feb 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4184
Abstract
In this study, the nitrogen-fixing, Gram-negative soil bacteria Rhizobium anhuiense was successfully utilized as the main biocatalyst in a bacteria-based microbial fuel cell (MFC) device. This research investigates the double-chambered, H-type R. anhuiense-based MFC that was operated in modified Norris medium (pH [...] Read more.
In this study, the nitrogen-fixing, Gram-negative soil bacteria Rhizobium anhuiense was successfully utilized as the main biocatalyst in a bacteria-based microbial fuel cell (MFC) device. This research investigates the double-chambered, H-type R. anhuiense-based MFC that was operated in modified Norris medium (pH = 7) under ambient conditions using potassium ferricyanide as an electron acceptor in the cathodic compartment. The designed MFC exhibited an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 635 mV and a power output of 1.07 mW m−2 with its maximum power registered at 245 mV. These values were further enhanced by re-feeding the anode bath with 25 mM glucose, which has been utilized herein as the main carbon source. This substrate addition led to better performance of the constructed MFC with a power output of 2.59 mW m−2 estimated at an operating voltage of 281 mV. The R. anhuiense-based MFC was further developed by improving the charge transfer through the bacterial cell membrane by applying 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (menadione, MD) as a soluble redox mediator. The MD-mediated MFC device showed better performance, resulting in a slightly higher OCV value of 683 mV and an almost five-fold increase in power density to 4.93 mW cm−2. The influence of different concentrations of MD on the viability of R. anhuiense bacteria was investigated by estimating the optical density at 600 nm (OD600) and comparing the obtained results with the control aliquot. The results show that lower concentrations of MD, ranging from 1 to 10 μM, can be successfully used in an anode compartment in which R. anhuiense bacteria cells remain viable and act as a main biocatalyst for MFC applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications)
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13 pages, 26309 KiB  
Article
Application of Tamm Plasmon Polaritons and Cavity Modes for Biosensing in the Combined Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Quartz Crystal Microbalance Method
by Ieva Plikusienė, Ernesta Bužavaitė-Vertelienė, Vincentas Mačiulis, Audrius Valavičius, Almira Ramanavičienė and Zigmas Balevičius
Biosensors 2021, 11(12), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11120501 - 7 Dec 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3110
Abstract
Low-cost 1D plasmonic photonic structures supporting Tamm plasmon polaritons and cavity modes were employed for optical signal enhancement, modifying the commercially available quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) sensor chip in a combinatorial spectroscopic ellipsometry and quartz microbalance method. The Tamm plasmon optical [...] Read more.
Low-cost 1D plasmonic photonic structures supporting Tamm plasmon polaritons and cavity modes were employed for optical signal enhancement, modifying the commercially available quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) sensor chip in a combinatorial spectroscopic ellipsometry and quartz microbalance method. The Tamm plasmon optical state and cavity mode (CM) for the modified mQCM-D sample obtained sensitivity of ellipsometric parameters to RIU of ΨTPP = 126.78 RIU−1 and ΔTPP = 325 RIU−1, and ΨCM = 264 RIU−1 and ΔCM = 645 RIU−1, respectively. This study shows that Tamm plasmon and cavity modes exhibit about 23 and 49 times better performance of ellipsometric parameters, respectively, for refractive index sensing than standard spectroscopic ellipsometry on a QCM-D sensor chip. It should be noted that for the optical biosensing signal readout, the sensitivity of Tamm plasmon polaritons and cavity modes are comparable with and higher than the standard QCM-D sensor chip. The different origin of Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPP) and cavity mode (CM) provides further advances and can determine whether the surface (TPP) or bulk process (CM) is dominating. The dispersion relation feature of TPP, namely the direct excitation without an additional coupler, allows the possibility to enhance the optical signal on the sensing surface. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study and application of the TPP and CM in the combinatorial SE-QCM-D method for the enhanced readout of ellipsometric parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications)
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Review

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18 pages, 5279 KiB  
Review
Evaluating Hyperbolic Dispersion Materials for Cancer Detection
by Syed Muhammad Sohaib Zafar and Igor Iatsunskyi
Biosensors 2023, 13(6), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13060595 - 30 May 2023
Viewed by 1383
Abstract
Current biosensors have limited application in clinical diagnostics as they lack the high order of specificity needed to detect low molecular analytes, especially in complex fluids (such as blood, urine, and saliva). In contrast, they are resistant to the suppression of non-specific binding. [...] Read more.
Current biosensors have limited application in clinical diagnostics as they lack the high order of specificity needed to detect low molecular analytes, especially in complex fluids (such as blood, urine, and saliva). In contrast, they are resistant to the suppression of non-specific binding. Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) offer highly sought- after label-free detection and quantification techniques to circumvent sensitivity issues as low as 105 M concentration in angular sensitivity. This review discusses design strategies in detail and compares nuances in conventional plasmonic techniques to create susceptible miniaturized point-of-care devices. A substantial portion of the review is devoted to developing low optical loss reconfigurable HMM devices for active cancer bioassay platforms. A future perspective of HMM-based biosensors for cancer biomarker detection is provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications)
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