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Biosensors
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Biosensors for Bacterial and Viral Detection
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Biosensors for Bacterial and Viral Detection

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors and Healthcare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 17968

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jessica Kubicek-Sutherland

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
Interests: medical diagnostics; biosensors; biosurveillance; host-pathogen interactions; nucleic acids; immunoassays; lipoproteins

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The emergence and evolution of novel bacterial and viral pathogens present a tremendous threat to human and animal health. The rapid detection of these pathogens at the point-of-need is required for effective diagnostics and biosurveillance efforts. Diagnostics and biosurveillance tools are often used interchangeably; however, the requirements are vastly different. Diagnostic tests require high specificity to avoid false positives while surveillance tests require high sensitivity to avoid false negatives. There is an urgent need for biosensors that can directly detect pathogens at the point-of-need and can be used for both diagnostic and biosurveillance applications to enhance responsiveness to outbreaks caused by both bacterial and viral pathogens.

Dr. Jessica Kubicek-Sutherland
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biosensor
  • bacteria
  • virus
  • point-of-care
  • diagnostic
  • biosurveillance

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2145 KiB  
Article
Multiplex PCR-Lateral Flow Dipstick Method for Detection of Thermostable Direct Hemolysin (TDH) Producing V. parahaemolyticus
by Jirakrit Saetang, Phutthipong Sukkapat, Suriya Palamae, Prashant Singh, Deep Nithun Senathipathi, Jirayu Buatong and Soottawat Benjakul
Biosensors 2023, 13(7), 698; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13070698 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3014
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is usually found in seafood and causes acute gastroenteritis in humans. Therefore, a detection method of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus is necessary. Multiplex PCR combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assay was developed to detect pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. Biotin-, FAM-, and [...] Read more.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is usually found in seafood and causes acute gastroenteritis in humans. Therefore, a detection method of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus is necessary. Multiplex PCR combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assay was developed to detect pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. Biotin-, FAM-, and Dig-conjugated primers targeting thermolabile hemolysin (TLH) and thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) genes were used for multiplex PCR amplification. The condition of the method was optimized and evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis and universal lateral flow dipstick. The specificity assay was evaluated using strains belonging to seven foodborne pathogen species. The sensitivity of the method was also evaluated using DNA in the concentration range of 0.39–100 ng/reaction. The artificial spiking experiment was performed using 10 g of shrimp samples with an enrichment time of 0, 4, and 8 h with 101, 102, and 103 CFU of V. parahaemolyticus. The developed multiplex PCR-LFD assay showed no non-specific amplification with a limit of the detection of 0.78 ng DNA/reaction visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis and 0.39 ng DNA with LFD assay. The artificial spiking experiment demonstrated that this method could detect pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus at 10 CFU/10 g shrimp samples following a 4 h of enrichment. Multiplex PCR-LFD assay was therefore established for detecting pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus with high sensitivity and specificity and might be a useful tool to develop a detection kit used in the food safety sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Bacterial and Viral Detection)
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13 pages, 1132 KiB  
Article
A Lab-Made E-Nose-MOS Device for Assessing the Bacterial Growth in a Solid Culture Medium
by Teresa Dias, Vítor S. Santos, Tarek Zorgani, Nuno Ferreiro, Ana I. Rodrigues, Khalil Zaghdoudi, Ana C. A. Veloso and António M. Peres
Biosensors 2023, 13(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13010019 - 24 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2652
Abstract
The detection and level assessment of microorganisms is a practical quality/contamination indicator of food and water samples. Conventional analytical procedures (e.g., culture methods, immunological techniques, and polymerase chain reactions), while accurate and widely used, are time-consuming, costly, and generate a large amount of [...] Read more.
The detection and level assessment of microorganisms is a practical quality/contamination indicator of food and water samples. Conventional analytical procedures (e.g., culture methods, immunological techniques, and polymerase chain reactions), while accurate and widely used, are time-consuming, costly, and generate a large amount of waste. Electronic noses (E-noses), combined with chemometrics, provide a direct, green, and non-invasive assessment of the volatile fraction without the need for sample pre-treatments. The unique olfactory fingerprint generated during each microorganism’s growth can be a vehicle for its detection using gas sensors. A lab-made E-nose, comprising metal oxide semiconductor sensors was applied, to analyze solid medium containing Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus) or Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The electrical-resistance signals generated by the E-nose coupled with linear discriminant analysis allowed the discrimination of the four bacteria (90% of correct classifications for leave-one-out cross-validation). Furthermore, multiple linear regression models were also established allowing quantifying the number of colony-forming units (CFU) (0.9428 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.9946), with maximum root mean square errors lower than 4 CFU. Overall, the E-nose showed to be a powerful qualitative–quantitative device for bacteria preliminary analysis, being envisaged its possible application in solid food matrices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Bacterial and Viral Detection)
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14 pages, 6732 KiB  
Article
Selective Detection of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 and 5 with a Digital Photocorrosion Biosensor Using Antimicrobial Peptide-Antibody Sandwich Strategy
by M. Amirul Islam, Walid M. Hassen, Ishika Ishika, Azam F. Tayabali and Jan J. Dubowski
Biosensors 2022, 12(2), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12020105 - 9 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2309
Abstract
Rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) is important for monitoring the presence of these bacteria in water sources and preventing the transmission of the Legionnaires’ disease. We report improved biosensing of L. pneumophila with a digital photocorrosion (DIP) biosensor functionalized [...] Read more.
Rapid detection of Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) is important for monitoring the presence of these bacteria in water sources and preventing the transmission of the Legionnaires’ disease. We report improved biosensing of L. pneumophila with a digital photocorrosion (DIP) biosensor functionalized with an innovative structure of cysteine-modified warnericin antimicrobial peptides for capturing bacteria that are subsequently decorated with anti-L. pneumophila polyclonal antibodies (pAbs). The application of peptides for the operation of a biosensing device was enabled by the higher bacterial-capture efficiency of peptides compared to other traditional ligands, such as those based on antibodies or aptamers. At the same time, the significantly stronger affinity of pAbs decorating the L. pneumophila serogroup-1 (SG-1) compared to serogroup-5 (SG-5) allowed for the selective detection of L. pneumophila SG-1 at 50 CFU/mL. The results suggest that the attractive sensitivity of the investigated sandwich method is related to the flow of an extra electric charge between the pAb and a charge-sensing DIP biosensor. The method has the potential to offer highly specific and sensitive detection of L. pneumophila as well as other pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Bacterial and Viral Detection)
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11 pages, 4508 KiB  
Communication
Digital E. coli Counter: A Microfluidics and Computer Vision-Based DNAzyme Method for the Isolation and Specific Detection of E. coli from Water Samples
by Sakandar Rauf, Nouran Tashkandi, José Ilton de Oliveira Filho, Claudia Iluhí Oviedo-Osornio, Muhammad S. Danish, Pei-Ying Hong and Khaled N. Salama
Biosensors 2022, 12(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12010034 - 10 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3472
Abstract
Biological water contamination detection-based assays are essential to test water quality; however, these assays are prone to false-positive results and inaccuracies, are time-consuming, and use complicated procedures to test large water samples. Herein, we show a simple detection and counting method for E. [...] Read more.
Biological water contamination detection-based assays are essential to test water quality; however, these assays are prone to false-positive results and inaccuracies, are time-consuming, and use complicated procedures to test large water samples. Herein, we show a simple detection and counting method for E. coli in the water samples involving a combination of DNAzyme sensor, microfluidics, and computer vision strategies. We first isolated E. coli into individual droplets containing a DNAzyme mixture using droplet microfluidics. Upon bacterial cell lysis by heating, the DNAzyme mixture reacted with a particular substrate present in the crude intracellular material (CIM) of E. coli. This event triggers the dissociation of the fluorophore-quencher pair present in the DNAzyme mixture leading to a fluorescence signal, indicating the presence of E. coli in the droplets. We developed an algorithm using computer vision to analyze the fluorescent droplets containing E. coli in the presence of non-fluorescent droplets. The algorithm can detect and count fluorescent droplets representing the number of E. coli present in the sample. Finally, we show that the developed method is highly specific to detect and count E. coli in the presence of other bacteria present in the water sample. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Bacterial and Viral Detection)
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14 pages, 2132 KiB  
Article
Portable and Label-Free Quantitative Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LF-qLamp) for Reliable COVID-19 Diagnostics in Three Minutes of Reaction Time: Arduino-Based Detection System Assisted by a pH Microelectrode
by Mario Moisés Alvarez, Sergio Bravo-González, Everardo González-González and Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
Biosensors 2021, 11(10), 386; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11100386 - 13 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3257
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been recently studied as an alternative method for cost-effective diagnostics in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Recent reports document that LAMP-based diagnostic methods have a comparable sensitivity and specificity to that of RT-qPCR. We report the [...] Read more.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been recently studied as an alternative method for cost-effective diagnostics in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Recent reports document that LAMP-based diagnostic methods have a comparable sensitivity and specificity to that of RT-qPCR. We report the use of a portable Arduino-based LAMP-based amplification system assisted by pH microelectrodes for the accurate and reliable diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 during the first 3 min of the amplification reaction. We show that this simple system enables a straightforward discrimination between samples containing or not containing artificial SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in the range of 10 to 10,000 copies per 50 µL of reaction mix. We also spiked saliva samples with SARS-CoV-2 synthetic material and corroborated that the LAMP reaction can be successfully monitored in real time using microelectrodes in saliva samples as well. These results may have profound implications for the design of real-time and portable quantitative systems for the reliable detection of viral pathogens including SARS-CoV-2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Bacterial and Viral Detection)
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16 pages, 1447 KiB  
Article
Optical Biosensor Platforms Display Varying Sensitivity for the Direct Detection of Influenza RNA
by Samantha J. Courtney, Zachary R. Stromberg, Adán Myers y Gutiérrez, Daniel Jacobsen, Loreen R. Stromberg, Kiersten D. Lenz, James Theiler, Brian T. Foley, Jason Gans, Karina Yusim and Jessica Z. Kubicek-Sutherland
Biosensors 2021, 11(10), 367; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11100367 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2049
Abstract
Detection methods that do not require nucleic acid amplification are advantageous for viral diagnostics due to their rapid results. These platforms could provide information for both accurate diagnoses and pandemic surveillance. Influenza virus is prone to pandemic-inducing genetic mutations, so there is a [...] Read more.
Detection methods that do not require nucleic acid amplification are advantageous for viral diagnostics due to their rapid results. These platforms could provide information for both accurate diagnoses and pandemic surveillance. Influenza virus is prone to pandemic-inducing genetic mutations, so there is a need to apply these detection platforms to influenza diagnostics. Here, we analyzed the Fast Evaluation of Viral Emerging Risks (FEVER) pipeline on ultrasensitive detection platforms, including a waveguide-based optical biosensor and a flow cytometry bead-based assay. The pipeline was also evaluated in silico for sequence coverage in comparison to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) influenza A and B diagnostic assays. The influenza FEVER probe design had a higher tolerance for mismatched bases than the CDC’s probes, and the FEVER probes altogether had a higher detection rate for influenza isolate sequences from GenBank. When formatted for use as molecular beacons, the FEVER probes detected influenza RNA as low as 50 nM on the waveguide-based optical biosensor and 1 nM on the flow cytometer. In addition to molecular beacons, which have an inherently high background signal we also developed an exonuclease selection method that could detect 500 pM of RNA. The combination of high-coverage probes developed using the FEVER pipeline coupled with ultrasensitive optical biosensors is a promising approach for future influenza diagnostic and biosurveillance applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Bacterial and Viral Detection)
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