Internal Defense System and Evolution of Aquatic Animals

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, research has increasingly focused on the defense system of metazoans, as studying how their internal defense system has adapted and evolved has multiple benefits. We currently live in a society and historical period in which consumerism and the exploitation of environmental resources are increasing disproportionately. The accumulation of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, in particular, has the potential to cause a major environmental crisis, with a loss of biodiversity and damage to nature representing major risks. Aquatic animals have developed specific mechanisms to protect themselves from these pollutants, and these can serve as indicators of environmental alterations. Furthermore, studying the defense systems of aquatic animals can aid in understanding the adaptations of animals that have become partially or fully adapted to non-aquatic environments. Additionally, studying the biological responses and mechanisms of aquatic organisms that interact with the external environment can provide additional information regarding the complex defense systems of higher vertebrates such as mammals. In conclusion, this Special Issue aims to collect data that highlight the evolution of the defense system in aquatic metazoans, from invertebrates to marine mammals.

Dr. Alessio Alesci
Guest Editor

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• internal defense system
• evolution
• aquatic animals
• immunology
• aquatic environment
• biodiversity
• pollution
• ecosystems