Impacts of Integration of Wind Farms on Power System Transient Stability
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- A very detailed Doubly Fed Induction Generator with a two-lumped mass Wind Turbine model is presented to analyze the impact of wind power generation on power system transient stability.
- (2)
- The factors including wind power generation level, the wind power location and wind speed are comprehensively investigated for system transient stability analysis in the paper.
- (3)
- The simulations result of the modified IEEE 14-bus system showed that (a) the system stability decreases with the growing penetration level of wind power generation; (b) The wind farm locations and wind speed can affect power system transient stability; (c) Installing capacitors will improve system transient stability.
2. Basic Theory of Transient Stability Analysis
2.1. Introduction of Transient Stability
2.2. Dynamic Model of Conventional Generators
2.3. Power Network Couples Between Nodal Voltage and Current
3. Dynamic Model of DFIG and Wind Turbine
3.1. Model of Drive Train and Wind Turbine
3.2. Model of DFIG Generator
- (1)
- the dynamics of the DC capacitor are neglected;
- (2)
- the active powers of the rotor side converter (RSC) and grid side converter (GSC) are considered as equal;
- (3)
- GSC is assumed to be ideal in that there is no reactive power exchanged with the grid during the transient and the total reactive power is supported only by the stator [22].
3.3. Model of Control System
- (1)
- providing low interaction between the power and voltage control loop, and
- (2)
- enhancing voltage recovery after faults
4. Case Studies, Results and Discussion
4.1. Effect of Wind Power Generation on Transient Stability
4.1.1. For System with One WF at Bus 1
4.1.2. For System with Two Wind Farms
4.2. Impact of Wind Farm Location on System Transient Stability
4.3. Impact of Varied Wind Speed on System Transient Stability
4.3.1. For Wind Speed at 20 m/s
4.3.2. For Wind Speed at 15 m/s
4.3.3. For Wind Speed at 10 m/s
4.4. Effect of Installing Static Capacitors on System Transient Stability
4.4.1. Result of installing 3 capacitors along with generation buses
4.4.2. Result of Installing 4 Capacitors Along with Generation Buses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Li, L.; Ren, X.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, P.; Chen, X. Analysis and recommendations for onshore wind power policies in China. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2018, 82, 156–167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, Y.; Wang, C.; Wu, J.; Wang, J.; Cheng, M.; Li, G. Optimal scheduling of aggregated thermostatically controlled loads with renewable generation in the intraday electricity market. Appl. Energy 2017, 188, 456–465. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huda, A.S.N.; Živanović, R. Large-scale integration of distributed generation into distribution networks: Study objectives. Review of models and computational tools. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2017, 76, 974–988. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, S.; Li, G.; Zhou, M. Power system transient stability analysis with integration of DFIGs based on center of inertia. CSEE J. Power Energy Syst. 2016, 2, 20–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ali, M.; Ilie, I.S.; Milanovic, J.V.; Chicco, G. Wind Farm Model Aggregation Using Probabilistic Clustering. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 2013, 28, 309–316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ke, D.P.; Chung, C.Y.; Xue, Y.S. Controller design for DFIG-based wind power generation to damp interarea oscillation. In Proceedings of the 2010 5th International Conference on Critical Infrastructure, Beijing, China, 20–22 September 2010; pp. 1–6. [Google Scholar]
- Xia, S.W.; Bu, S.Q.; Zhang, X.; Xu, Y.; Zhou, B.; Zhu, J.B. Model reduction strategy of doubly-fed induction generator-based wind farms for power system small-signal rotor angle stability analysis. Appl. Energy 2018, 222, 608–620. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kundur, P. Power System Stability and Control; McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, USA, 1994. [Google Scholar]
- Liao, X.; Liu, K.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, K.; Qin, L. Interval method for uncertain power flow analysis based on Taylor inclusion function. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 2017, 11, 1270–1278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, B.; Fang, B.; Wang, Y.; Liu, H.; Liu, Y. Power system transient stability assessment based on big data and the core vector machine. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2016, 7, 2561–2570. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Z.; Liu, C.; Li, G.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Y. Impact Study of PMSG-Based Wind Power Penetration on Power System Transient Stability Using EEAC Theory. Energies 2015, 8, 13419–13441. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wang, L.; Vo, Q.; Hsieh, M.; Ke, S.; Kuan, B.; Lu, X.; Prokhorov, A.V. Transient stability analysis of Taiwan Power System’s power grid connected with a high-capacity offshore wind farm. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 3rd International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia (IFEEC 2017–ECCE Asia), Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 3–7 June 2017; pp. 585–590. [Google Scholar]
- Hughes, F.M.; Anaya-Lara, O.; Ramtharan, G.; Jenkins, N.; Strbac, G. Influence of Tower Shadow and Wind Turbulence on the Performance of Power System Stabilizers for DFIG-Based Wind Farms. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 2008, 23, 519–528. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, C.; Xu, D.; Zhu, N.; Frede, B.; Chen, M. DC-Voltage Fluctuation Elimination Through a DC-Capacitor Current Control for DFIG Converters Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Conditions. IEEE Trans. Power Electr. 2013, 28, 3206–3218. [Google Scholar]
- Jiang, L.; Chi, Y.; Qin, H.; Pei, Z.; Li, Q.; Liu, M.; Bai, J.; Wang, W.; Feng, S.; Kong, W.; Wang, Q. Wind Energy in China. IEEE Power Energy Mag. 2011, 9, 36–46. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Feng, Y.; Lin, H.; Ho, S.L.; Yan, J.; Dong, J.; Fang, S.; Huang, Y. Overview of wind power generation in China: Status and development. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2015, 50, 847–858. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vittal, E.; O’Malley, M.; Keane, A. Rotor Angle Stability with High Penetrations of Wind Generation. Power Syst. IEEE Trans. 2012, 27, 353–362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Margaris, I.D.; Papathanassiou, S.A.; Hatziargyriou, N.D.; Hansen, A.D.; Sorensen, P. Frequency Control in Autonomous Power Systems with High Wind Power Penetration. IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy 2012, 3, 189–199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Z.S.; Sun, Y.Z.; Lin, J.; Li, G.J. Coordinated frequency regulation by doubly fed induction generator-based wind power plants. Renew. Power Gener. IET 2012, 6, 38–47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sauer, P.W.; Pai, M.A. Power System Dynamics and Stability; Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, NJ, USA, 1998. [Google Scholar]
- Faried, S.O.; Billinton, R.; Aboreshaid, S. Probabilistic evaluation of transient stability of a wind farm. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 2009, 24, 733–739. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Anaya-lara, O.; Jenkins, N.; Ekanayake, J.; Cartwright, P.; Hughes, M. Wind Energy Generation Modelling and Control; John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.: West Sussex, UK, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Gautam, D.; Goel, L.; Ayyanar, R.; Vittal, V.; Harbour, T. Control strategy to mitigate the impact of reduced inertia due to doubly fed induction generators on large power systems. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 2011, 26, 214–224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Xia, S.; Zhang, Q.; Hussain, S.T.; Hong, B.; Zou, W. Impacts of Integration of Wind Farms on Power System Transient Stability. Appl. Sci. 2018, 8, 1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081289
Xia S, Zhang Q, Hussain ST, Hong B, Zou W. Impacts of Integration of Wind Farms on Power System Transient Stability. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8(8):1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081289
Chicago/Turabian StyleXia, Shiwei, Qian Zhang, S.T. Hussain, Baodi Hong, and Weiwei Zou. 2018. "Impacts of Integration of Wind Farms on Power System Transient Stability" Applied Sciences 8, no. 8: 1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081289