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• Olejnik, J
• Ryabchikova, E
• Corley, R
• Mühlberger, E
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• Olejnik, J
• Ryabchikova, E
• Corley, R
• Mühlberger, E
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• Olejnik, J
• Ryabchikova, E
• Corley, R
• Mühlberger, E

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Viruses 2011, 3(8), 1501-1531; doi:10.3390/v3081501

Review

Intracellular Events and Cell Fate in Filovirus Infection

Judith Olejnik ^1,2 , Elena Ryabchikova ³ , Ronald B. Corley ^1,2  and Elke Mühlberger ^1,2,*

¹ Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Boston University, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA ² National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories Institute, Boston University, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA ³ Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Pr. Lavrent’eva, 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 7 June 2011; in revised form: 9 August 2011 / Accepted: 15 August 2011 / Published: 24 August 2011

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis of Emerging and Re-Emerging RNA Viruses)

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Abstract: Marburg and Ebola viruses cause a severe hemorrhagic disease in humans with high fatality rates. Early target cells of filoviruses are monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The infection spreads to the liver, spleen and later other organs by blood and lymph flow. A hallmark of filovirus infection is the depletion of non-infected lymphocytes; however, the molecular mechanisms leading to the observed bystander lymphocyte apoptosis are poorly understood. Also, there is limited knowledge about the fate of infected cells in filovirus disease. In this review we will explore what is known about the intracellular events leading to virus amplification and cell damage in filovirus infection. Furthermore, we will discuss how cellular dysfunction and cell death may correlate with disease pathogenesis.

Keywords: Ebola Virus; Marburg Virus; filoviruses; viral replication cycle; target cells; animal models; ultrastructural analysis; virus-cell interaction; bystander apoptosis; cell death

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