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• Bodewes, R
• Osterhaus, AD.M.E.
• Rimmelzwaan, GF.
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• Bodewes, R
• Osterhaus, AD.M.E.
• Rimmelzwaan, GF.
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• Bodewes, R
• Osterhaus, AD.M.E.
• Rimmelzwaan, GF.

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Viruses 2010, 2(1), 166-188; doi:10.3390/v2010166

Review

Targets for the Induction of Protective Immunity Against Influenza A Viruses

Rogier Bodewes, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus and Guus F. Rimmelzwaan*

Department of Virology, ErasmusMC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 31 August 2009; in revised form: 4 January 2010 / Accepted: 13 January 2010 / Published: 14 January 2010

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influenza: Pandemics and Vaccinations)

Download PDF Full-Text [179 KB, uploaded 14 January 2010 15:04 CET]

Abstract: The current pandemic caused by the new influenza A(H1N1) virus of swine origin and the current pandemic threat caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses of the H5N1 subtype have renewed the interest in the development of vaccines that can induce broad protective immunity. Preferably, vaccines not only provide protection against the homologous strains, but also against heterologous strains, even of another subtype. Here we describe viral targets and the arms of the immune response involved in protection against influenza virus infections such as antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and the M2 protein and cellular immune responses directed against the internal viral proteins.

Keywords: influenza; protective immunity; pandemic

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