Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks: Consumption Patterns and Motivations for Use in U.S. College Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Apparatus and Materials
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Participant Demographics
3.2. Prevalence Estimates of Energy Drink Consumption
3.3. Prevalence Estimates of Alcohol Consumption
3.4. Prevalence Estimates of Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drink Consumption
3.5. Motivations for Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks Consumption
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
- Conflict of InterestThe author declares no conflict of interest.
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Characteristics | Never tried an energy drink a | No recent consumption of energy drink b | Recent consumption of energy drinks c | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | |
All respondents (n = 706) | 131 | 18.6 | 318 | 45.0 | 257 | 36.4 |
Gender | ||||||
Males (n = 354) | 47 | 13.3 | 154 | 43.5 | 153 | 43.2 |
Females (n = 352) | 84 | 23.9 | 164 | 46.6 | 104 | 29.5 |
Age | ||||||
18 (n = 238) | 35 | 14.7 | 108 | 45.4 | 95 | 39.9 |
19 (n = 161) | 23 | 14.3 | 71 | 44.1 | 67 | 41.6 |
20 (n = 83) | 14 | 16.9 | 43 | 51.8 | 26 | 31.3 |
21+ (n = 224) | 59 | 26.3 | 96 | 42.9 | 69 | 30.8 |
Class rank | ||||||
Freshman (n = 412) | 61 | 14.8 | 188 | 45.6 | 163 | 39.6 |
Sophomore (n = 122) | 26 | 21.3 | 52 | 42.6 | 44 | 36.1 |
Junior (n = 92) | 23 | 25.0 | 44 | 47.8 | 25 | 27.2 |
Senior (n = 71) | 16 | 22.5 | 32 | 45.1 | 23 | 32.4 |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||
White (n = 626) | 112 | 17.9 | 284 | 45.4 | 230 | 36.7 |
Black or African American (n = 39) | 7 | 17.9 | 21 | 53.8 | 11 | 28.2 |
Hispanic or Latino (n = 12) | 3 | 25.0 | 4 | 33.3 | 5 | 41.7 |
Asian (n = 10) | 4 | 40.0 | 2 | 20.0 | 4 | 40.0 |
Other (n = 19) d | 5 | 26.3 | 7 | 36.8 | 7 | 36.8 |
Characteristics | Nondrinking a | Current Drinking With No Binge Drinking b | Current drinking with Binge Drinking c | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | |
All respondents (n = 706) | 307 | 43.5 | 138 | 19.5 | 261 | 37.0 |
Gender | ||||||
Males (n = 354) | 143 | 40.4 | 78 | 22.0 | 133 | 37.6 |
Females (n = 352) | 164 | 46.6 | 60 | 17.0 | 128 | 36.4 |
Age | ||||||
18 (n = 238) | 120 | 50.4 | 31 | 13.0 | 87 | 36.6 |
19 (n = 161) | 78 | 48.4 | 27 | 16.8 | 56 | 34.8 |
20 (n = 83) | 40 | 48.2 | 20 | 24.1 | 23 | 27.7 |
21+ (n = 224) | 69 | 30.8 | 60 | 26.8 | 95 | 42.4 |
Class rank | ||||||
Freshman (n = 412) | 199 | 48.3 | 63 | 15.3 | 150 | 36.4 |
Sophomore (n = 122) | 53 | 43.4 | 22 | 18.0 | 47 | 38.5 |
Junior (n = 92) | 33 | 35.9 | 23 | 25.0 | 36 | 39.1 |
Senior (n = 71) | 18 | 25.4 | 27 | 38.0 | 26 | 36.6 |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||
White (n = 626) | 263 | 42.0 | 119 | 19.0 | 244 | 39.0 |
Black or African American (n = 39) | 24 | 61.5 | 10 | 25.6 | 5 | 12.8 |
Hispanic or Latino (n = 12) | 8 | 66.7 | 2 | 16.7 | 2 | 16.7 |
Asian (n = 10) | 3 | 30.0 | 5 | 50.0 | 2 | 20.0 |
Other (n = 19) d | 9 | 47.4 | 2 | 10.5 | 8 | 42.1 |
Greek affiliation (Fraternity/Sorority) | ||||||
No (n = 643) | 289 | 44.9 | 126 | 19.6 | 228 | 35.5 |
Yes (n = 63) | 18 | 28.6 | 12 | 19.0 | 33 | 52.4 |
Characteristics | Never tried AmED a | Tried AmED but not recently b | Recent AmED consumption c | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | |
All respondents (n = 706) | 395 | 55.9 | 245 | 34.7 | 66 | 9.3 |
Gender | ||||||
Males (n = 354) | 185 | 52.3 | 132 | 37.3 | 37 | 10.5 |
Females (n = 352) | 210 | 59.7 | 113 | 32.1 | 29 | 8.2 |
Age | ||||||
18 (n = 238) | 152 | 63.9 | 62 | 26.1 | 24 | 10.1 |
19 (n = 161) | 95 | 59.0 | 55 | 34.2 | 11 | 6.8 |
20 (n = 83) | 44 | 53.0 | 33 | 39.8 | 6 | 7.2 |
21+ (n = 224) | 104 | 46.4 | 95 | 42.4 | 25 | 11.2 |
Class rank | ||||||
Freshman (n = 412) | 243 | 59.0 | 133 | 32.3 | 36 | 8.7 |
Sophomore (n = 122) | 62 | 50.8 | 50 | 41.0 | 10 | 8.2 |
Junior (n = 92) | 52 | 56.5 | 30 | 32.6 | 10 | 10.9 |
Senior (n = 71) | 33 | 46.5 | 30 | 42.3 | 8 | 11.3 |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||
White (n = 626) | 347 | 55.4 | 219 | 35.0 | 60 | 9.6 |
Black or African American (n = 39) | 26 | 66.7 | 10 | 25.6 | 3 | 7.7 |
Hispanic or Latino (n = 12) | 6 | 50.0 | 5 | 41.7 | 1 | 8.3 |
Asian (n = 10) | 7 | 70.0 | 3 | 30.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Other (n = 19) d | 9 | 47.4 | 8 | 42.1 | 2 | 10.5 |
Greek affiliation (Fraternity/Sorority) | ||||||
No (n = 643) | 360 | 56.0 | 225 | 35.0 | 58 | 9.0 |
Yes (n = 63) | 35 | 55.6 | 20 | 31.7 | 8 | 12.7 |
Binge drinker e | ||||||
No (n = 445) | 321 | 72.1 | 108 | 24.3 | 16 | 3.6 |
Yes (n = 261) | 74 | 28.4 | 137 | 52.5 | 50 | 19.2 |
Motivation for using AmED | Mean | S.D. | Sign. |
---|---|---|---|
Do you agree or disagree with the following regarding AmEDs: | |||
It is a common drink | 3.06 | 0.52 | 0.000 |
AmEDs help you hold your liquor better | 2.08 | 0.62 | 0.000 |
AmEDs are the same as other mixed drinks | 2.36 | 0.67 | ns |
AmEDs taste better than other alcoholic drinks | 2.50 | 0.81 | ns |
I can drink more if I drink AmEDs | 3.20 | 0.79 | 0.000 |
AmEDs allow you to get drunk faster | 3.26 | 0.75 | 0.000 |
I don’t feel as tired when I drink AmEDs | 3.50 | 0.92 | 0.000 |
How important is the following reasons for you to drink AmEDs: | |||
To get away | 2.41 | 0.78 | ns |
To relax | 2.56 | 0.70 | ns |
To socialize | 2.95 | 0.75 | 0.000 |
To get drunk | 2.82 | 0.86 | 0.004 |
To celebrate | 3.00 | 0.89 | 0.000 |
To have something to do | 2.48 | 0.71 | ns |
To get work done | 2.23 | 0.60 | 0.000 |
Like the taste | 3.02 | 0.83 | 0.000 |
Reward myself | 2.53 | 0.81 | ns |
To fit in | 2.36 | 0.69 | ns |
To feel more appealing to the opposite sex | 2.47 | 0.75 | ns |
Because everyone else is doing it | 2.42 | 0.75 | ns |
Because it’s cheap | 2.38 | 0.67 | ns |
© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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Marczinski, C.A. Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks: Consumption Patterns and Motivations for Use in U.S. College Students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 3232-3245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8083232
Marczinski CA. Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks: Consumption Patterns and Motivations for Use in U.S. College Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2011; 8(8):3232-3245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8083232
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarczinski, Cecile A. 2011. "Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks: Consumption Patterns and Motivations for Use in U.S. College Students" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8, no. 8: 3232-3245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8083232