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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2007, 8(9), 920-932; doi:10.3390/i8090920

Article

A Possible Industrial Solution to Ferment Lignocellulosic Hydrolyzate to Ethanol: Continuous Cultivation with Flocculating Yeast

Ronny Purwadi ¹ , Tomas Brandberg ²  and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh ^3,*

¹ Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia ² Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia ³ School of Engineering, University College of Borås, S-501 90 Borås, Sweden

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 2 July 2007; in revised form: 9 August 2007 / Accepted: 28 August 2007 / Published: 3 September 2007

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofuels R&D: Securing the Planet's Future Energy Needs)

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Abstract: The cultivation of toxic lignocellulosic hydrolyzates has become a challengingresearch topic in recent decades. Although several cultivation methods have been proposed,numerous questions have arisen regarding their industrial applications. The current workdeals with a solution to this problem which has a good potential application on anindustrial scale. A toxic dilute-acid hydrolyzate was continuously cultivated using a high-cell-density flocculating yeast in a single and serial bioreactor which was equipped with asettler to recycle the cells back to the bioreactors. No prior detoxification was necessary tocultivate the hydrolyzates, as the flocks were able to detoxify it in situ. The experimentswere successfully carried out at dilution rates up to 0.52 h^-1. The cell concentration insidethe bioreactors was between 23 and 35 g-DW/L, while the concentration in the effluent ofthe settlers was 0.32 ± 0.05 g-DW/L. An ethanol yield of 0.42-0.46 g/g-consumed sugarwas achieved, and the residual sugar concentration was less than 6% of the initialfermentable sugar (glucose, galactose and mannose) of 35.2 g/L.

Keywords: Dilute-acid lignocellulosic hydrolysate; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; flocculating yeast; ethanol; glycerol; HMF; furfural; continuous cultivation

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