Peptides Derived from Rhopilema esculentum Hydrolysate Exhibit Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory and Antioxidant Abilities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Peptides
2.2. Antioxidant and ACE Inhibitory Activities of Purified Peptides
2.3. Molecular Docking of ACE and Peptides
Ligand | Van der Waals Energy | Electrostatic Energy | Potential Energy | Bond Energy | CHARMm Energy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
VKP | −8.347 | −52.149 | −26.028 | 1.296 | −26.028 |
VKCFR | −17.823 | −134.961 | −132.409 | 1.988 | −132.409 |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation of Hydrolysate
3.3. Assay for ACE Inhibitory Activity
3.4. Determination of Antioxidant Activities
3.4.1. Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Assay
3.4.2. Cell Culture and Cytotoxicity Determination
3.4.3. Determination of Antioxidant Enzyme Activity
3.5. Purification of Bioactive Peptides
3.5.1. Ultrafiltration
3.5.2. Ion-Exchange Chromatography
3.5.3. RP-HPLC
3.6. Characterization of Purified Peptides
3.7. Peptide Synthesis
3.8. Molecular Docking Analysis
3.9. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Abbreviation
RCMEC | rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cell |
ACE | angiotensin-I-converting enzyme |
SOD | superoxide dismutase |
CAT | catalase |
GSH-px | glutathione peroxidase |
BHA | butylated hydroxyanisole |
BHT | butylated hydroxytoluene |
MTT | 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide |
HHL | hippuryl-histidyl-leucine |
HA | hippuric acid |
Appendix
Detection of Apoptotic Cells by Flow Cytometry
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Li, J.; Li, Q.; Li, J.; Zhou, B. Peptides Derived from Rhopilema esculentum Hydrolysate Exhibit Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory and Antioxidant Abilities. Molecules 2014, 19, 13587-13602. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190913587
Li J, Li Q, Li J, Zhou B. Peptides Derived from Rhopilema esculentum Hydrolysate Exhibit Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory and Antioxidant Abilities. Molecules. 2014; 19(9):13587-13602. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190913587
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Jun, Qian Li, Jingyun Li, and Bei Zhou. 2014. "Peptides Derived from Rhopilema esculentum Hydrolysate Exhibit Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory and Antioxidant Abilities" Molecules 19, no. 9: 13587-13602. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190913587