Molecules 2013, 18(2), 2307-2327; doi:10.3390/molecules18022307
Review

3-Substituted Prolines: From Synthesis to Structural Applications, from Peptides to Foldamers†

Céline Mothes 1,2,3 , Cécile Caumes 1,2,3 , Alexandre Guez 1,2,3 , Héloïse Boullet 1,2,3 , Thomas Gendrineau 4,5 , Sylvain Darses 4,5 , Nicolas Delsuc 1,2,3 , Roba Moumné 1,2,3 , Benoit Oswald 6 , Olivier Lequin 1,2,3  and Philippe Karoyan 1,2,3,* email
1 Laboratoire des BioMolécules, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7203 and FR 2769, Paris, 75005, France 2 CNRS, UMR 7203, Paris, 75005, France 3 Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, 75005, France 4 Laboratoire Charles Friedel, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, UMR 7223, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France 5 CNRS, UMR 7223, Paris, 75005, France 6 Genzyme Pharmaceuticals, Eichenweg 1, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland
† In memory of Daniel Scheidegger.
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 1 February 2013; in revised form: 5 February 2013 / Accepted: 6 February 2013 / Published: 19 February 2013
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Protein and Peptide Synthesis)
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Abstract: Among the twenty natural proteinogenic amino acids, proline is unique as its secondary amine forms a tertiary amide when incorporated into biopolymers, thus preventing hydrogen bond formation. Despite the lack of hydrogen bonds and thanks to conformational restriction of flexibility linked to the pyrrolidine ring, proline is able to stabilize peptide secondary structures such as b-turns or polyproline helices. These unique conformational properties have aroused a great interest in the development of proline analogues. Among them, proline chimeras are tools combining the proline restriction of flexibility together with the information brought by natural amino acids side chains. This review will focus on the chemical syntheses of 3-substituted proline chimeras of potential use for peptide syntheses and as potential use as tools for SAR studies of biologically active peptides and the development of secondary structure mimetics. Their influence on peptide structure will be briefly described.
Keywords: substituted proline; peptide; peptidomimetics; b-turn; PPII helix

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Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Mothes, C.; Caumes, C.; Guez, A.; Boullet, H.; Gendrineau, T.; Darses, S.; Delsuc, N.; Moumné, R.; Oswald, B.; Lequin, O.; Karoyan, P. 3-Substituted Prolines: From Synthesis to Structural Applications, from Peptides to Foldamers. Molecules 2013, 18, 2307-2327.

AMA Style

Mothes C, Caumes C, Guez A, Boullet H, Gendrineau T, Darses S, Delsuc N, Moumné R, Oswald B, Lequin O, Karoyan P. 3-Substituted Prolines: From Synthesis to Structural Applications, from Peptides to Foldamers. Molecules. 2013; 18(2):2307-2327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mothes, Céline; Caumes, Cécile; Guez, Alexandre; Boullet, Héloïse; Gendrineau, Thomas; Darses, Sylvain; Delsuc, Nicolas; Moumné, Roba; Oswald, Benoit; Lequin, Olivier; Karoyan, Philippe. 2013. "3-Substituted Prolines: From Synthesis to Structural Applications, from Peptides to Foldamers." Molecules 18, no. 2: 2307-2327.

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