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WEVJ
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Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles
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Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles

A special issue of World Electric Vehicle Journal (ISSN 2032-6653).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (2 August 2019) | Viewed by 26282

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Peter Van den Bossche

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
MOBI—Electromobility Research Centre, Department of Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
Interests: electric vehicles; charging infrastructure; standardization; batteries

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electric vehicles have very strong sustainability potential. In urban traffic, due to their beneficial effect on the environment, electric vehicles are an important factor in the improvement of traffic and more particularly in developing a healthier living environment. They must be supplied with clean and sustainable electric energy, for which charging infrastructure is needed. This Special Issue will focus on current and future developments in the field of conductive charging infrastructure, which is the prevalent technology in use, addressing the newest developments and going beyond the state-of-the-art. The aspects to be covered are thus quite wide, encompassing technical, economical, and ecological issues concerned with the charging process including system design, operation of the smart grid with bidirectional energy flow, business exploitation, etc. Prospective authors are invited to submit original contributions/articles for review and for possible publication in this Special Issue. The topics of interest include (but are not limited to):

  • Technical aspects
    • Charging power levels: standard, fast, semi-fast, ultra-fast
    • Accessories and implementation
    • Vehicle-centric aspects
    • Infrastructure-centric aspects
  • Exploitation aspects
    • Grid impact of residential and public charging
    • Smart charging
    • Bidirectional power-flow (V2G)
    • Interaction with renewable energy supply
    • Business models for charging infrastructure
  • Standardization and regulation
    • International standardization: analysis of the standardization process and of the impact and actual use of the standards
    • Regulations and legal issues affecting several fields of application:
      • Wiring and accessories (electrical regulation)
      • Parking and space use (traffic and urban regulation)
      • Billing and sale of energy (economic regulation)

Prof. Dr. Peter Van den Bossche
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. World Electric Vehicle Journal is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1080 KiB  
Article
A Corridor-Based Approach to Estimating the Costs of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure on Highways
by Emilia Suomalainen and François Colet
World Electr. Veh. J. 2019, 10(4), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040068 - 28 Oct 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4281
Abstract
One of the barriers holding back the large-scale development of electric vehicles is underdeveloped charging infrastructure. The optimal location of charging stations has received much attention, whereas the development of charging infrastructure over time and its economic implications remain a less explored topic, [...] Read more.
One of the barriers holding back the large-scale development of electric vehicles is underdeveloped charging infrastructure. The optimal location of charging stations has received much attention, whereas the development of charging infrastructure over time and its economic implications remain a less explored topic, especially in the context of dynamic inductive charging. This work compares the infrastructure costs for two electric vehicle charging solutions deployed on highways: fast-charging stations and a dynamic charging lane based on wireless inductive charging technology. The deployment costs are estimated using a simplified infrastructure model for a highway corridor. The model first defines the required charging capacity based on projected future demand, sizes the charging infrastructure, and then determines the related costs, revenues, and net present value. A numerical example based on the French highway context is also presented. The results show that the payback period is much longer for dynamic charging lanes that for charging stations. In addition, the charging lane infrastructure cannot be installed gradually over time but requires a major investment from the start while bringing in little revenue early on. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles)
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11 pages, 1756 KiB  
Article
Application Design Aiming to Minimize Drivers’ Trip Duration through Intermediate Charging at Public Station Deployed in Smart Cities
by Ibrahim El-Fedany, Driss Kiouach and Rachid Alaoui
World Electr. Veh. J. 2019, 10(4), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040067 - 26 Oct 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5920
Abstract
Today, smart cities are turning to electric transport, carpooling and zero emission zones. The growing number of electric vehicles on the roads makes it increasingly necessary to have a public charging infrastructure. On the other hand, the main limitations of electric vehicles are [...] Read more.
Today, smart cities are turning to electric transport, carpooling and zero emission zones. The growing number of electric vehicles on the roads makes it increasingly necessary to have a public charging infrastructure. On the other hand, the main limitations of electric vehicles are the limited range of their batteries and their relatively long charging times. To avoid having problems to recharge, electric vehicle drivers must plan their journeys more thoroughly than others. At the goal of optimizing trip time, drivers need to automate their travel plans based on a smart charging solution, which will require the development of new Vehicle-to-Grid applications that will allow at the charging stations to dynamically interact with the vehicles. In this paper, we propose an architecture based on an algorithm allowing the management of charging plans for electric vehicles traveling on the road to their destination, in order to minimize the duration of the drivers’ journey including waiting and charging times. The decision taken by the algorithm based on the exploration of the data of each public supply station according to its location, number of vehicles in the queue, number of charging sockets, and rates of service. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles)
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12 pages, 1508 KiB  
Article
Charging Load Allocation Strategy of EV Charging Station Considering Charging Mode
by Yutong Zhao, Hong Huang, Xi Chen, Baoqun Zhang, Yiguo Zhang, Yuan Jin, Qian Zhang, Lin Cheng and Yanxia Chen
World Electr. Veh. J. 2019, 10(2), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj10020047 - 23 Jun 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4268
Abstract
A charging load allocation strategy for Electric Vehicles (EVs) considering charging mode is proposed in this paper in order to solve the challenge and opportunity of large-scale grid-connected charging under the background of booming EV industry in recent years. Based on the peak-to-valley [...] Read more.
A charging load allocation strategy for Electric Vehicles (EVs) considering charging mode is proposed in this paper in order to solve the challenge and opportunity of large-scale grid-connected charging under the background of booming EV industry in recent years. Based on the peak-to-valley Time-of-Use (TOU) price, this strategy studies the grid load, charging cost and charging station revenue variation of EVs connected to the grid in different charging modes. In addition, this paper proposes an additional charging mechanism for charging stations to encourage EV owners to participate in the peak and valley reduction of the grid through coordinated charging. According to the example analysis, under the same charging demand conditions, the larger EV charging power will have a greater impact on the grid than the conventional charging power. This article collects additional service fees for car owners who are not involved in the coordinated charging. When the response charging ratio is less, the more total service charges are charged, which can compensate for the decline in the sales revenue of the charging station during the valley period. While having good economy, it can also encourage the majority of car owners to participate in the coordinated charging from the perspective of charging cost. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles)
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12 pages, 2918 KiB  
Article
Performance Status Evaluation of an Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Based on the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method
by Qiushuo Li, Yong Xiao, Shuaishuai Zhao, Xianwen Zhu, Zongyi Wang, Zisheng Liu, Ling Wang, Xiangwu Yan and Yan Wang
World Electr. Veh. J. 2019, 10(2), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj10020035 - 30 May 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3921
Abstract
Performance status evaluation is essential for the safe running of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. With the development of the EV industry, the EV charging infrastructure industry has advanced considerably. Safe and reliable operation of the charging infrastructure is important for the development [...] Read more.
Performance status evaluation is essential for the safe running of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. With the development of the EV industry, the EV charging infrastructure industry has advanced considerably. Safe and reliable operation of the charging infrastructure is important for the development of EVs. As such, we propose a comprehensive evaluation method to assess the performance condition of an EV charging infrastructure. First, based on the analysis of the existing EV charging principles, we established an evaluation index system for EV charging infrastructure. Second, the subjective weight, objective weight, and comprehensive weight of the index system were determined through analytic hierarchy processes (AHP) and the entropy weight method. Then, we used fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise the performance of the charging infrastructure through expert investigation. Finally, based on the actual data from an EV charger, the performance conditions of the EV charging infrastructure were evaluated to demonstrate the feasibility of the method and the reliability of the index system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles)
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25 pages, 2548 KiB  
Article
Risk Identification and Analysis for PPP Projects of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Based on 2-Tuple and the DEMATEL Model
by Lihui Zhang, Zhenli Zhao, Jianxue Chai and Zhinan Kan
World Electr. Veh. J. 2019, 10(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj10010004 - 16 Jan 2019
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5118
Abstract
Risk management is critical to the success of electric vehicle charging infrastructure public–private partnership (EVCI-PPP) projects, as risks are present throughout the whole life cycle of projects. However, in EVCI-PPP projects, risk factors are often interdependent and, consequently, the interrelationships among factors affect [...] Read more.
Risk management is critical to the success of electric vehicle charging infrastructure public–private partnership (EVCI-PPP) projects, as risks are present throughout the whole life cycle of projects. However, in EVCI-PPP projects, risk factors are often interdependent and, consequently, the interrelationships among factors affect the risk management, which is ignored in the existing studies. To identify the risk factors of EVCI-PPP projects and analyze their internal influence relations, this paper develops a risk identification and analysis model of EVCI-PPP projects based on the 2-tuple linguistic representation model and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) model. First, a risk factor set is established including 22 criteria involved in 5 dimensions of political/legal risk, economic/market risk, social/environment risk, project/technical risk, and managing risk. Next, the 2-tuple model is introduced to integrate the decision makers’ evaluation information in a linguistic environment, and the direct relation matrix is calculated. Then, the cause–effect relations and a significant degree of risk factors are interpreted using the extended DEMATEL technique. The results show that economic/market risk is the most significant factor of EVCI-PPP projects, and 22 criteria are classified into 14 cause factors and 8 effect factors. Finally, suggestions are provided for decision-makers to ensure the success of EVCI-PPP projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles)
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