Special Issue "Motion Detectors"

Guest Editor
Prof. Dr. Scott E. Crouter
Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA
E-Mail:
Interests: motion sensors; physical activity measurement; heart rate; exercise physiology

Submission

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All papers should be submitted to sensors@mdpi.org with copy to the guest editors. To be published continuously until the deadline and papers will be listed together at the special websites.

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• motion detectors
• motion sensors
• accelerometers
• physical sensors
• mobile sensors
• tracking devices

Type of Paper: Review
Title: Methodology for Studying Motor Activity Rhythms in Water and Non-Water Cave Invertebrates
Authors: Vittorio Pasquali and Paolo Renzi
Affiliation: Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sezione di Neuroscienze, SAPIENZA Università di Roma, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Roma, Italia; E-Mail: vittorio.pasquali@uniroma1.it
Abstract: Locomotion and motor activity is an useful parameter for the study of many behaviour, but also for monitoring the biological clock functions. In this area long-term automatic detection and recording of locomotor activity is required. Motor activity in cave animals represent an excellent model for understanding the evolution of adaptations to subterranean life, particularly in the field of biological rhythms. No commercial device for this specific species are offered. In this paper, a review of radar and infra-red automatic detection device for monitoring motor activity in cave animals realized and used by the authors are discussed. Their general architectures are presented. The paper also consider the main results of author’s recent and new researches on the locomotor activity rhythms in cave animals using the realized devices.

Title: Respiratory Motion Detection and Correction Approaches in PET – CT Imaging: Advances in 4D Imaging and 4D Radiation Therapy
Authors: Bernhard Gruy ¹, Stefan Wachter ², Werner Langsteger ¹ and Mohsen Beheshti ¹
Affiliations: ¹ PET – CT Center Linz, Department of Nuclear Medicine & Endocrinology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Linz, Austria; E-Mail: mohsen.beheshti@bhs.at
² Department of Radiotherapy, Klinikum Passau, Germany
Abstract: Positron emission tomography - computed tomography (PET – CT) imaging is introduced in the routine clinical practice as a promising imaging modality for staging and restaging of different types of cancers. Hybrid PET – CT imaging provides an in-line fusion of anatomic and functional information that yields an increased sensitivity and specificity beyond that each of the two modalities possesses alone and therefore improves the diagnostic accuracy of PET – CT modality. CT is commonly used as a transmission source for attenuation correction of PET images. Due to differences in scan duration of PET and CT, respiration-induced motion can induce misregistration between the PET and CT data and lead to incorrect attenuation correction which consequently affects the reconstruction, quantitative measurements and accuracy of PET images. On the other hand, the use of PET in radiotherapy could potentially improve the quality of radiotherapy planning, minimize the risk of geographic misses, and spare unnecessary toxicity to normal tissues that do not contain gross tumor. However, as the result of breathing-induced artifacts, the target volume will be overestimated in size in the PET images which consequently leads to unnecessary irradiation to the normal tissues. Hence, it is of great importance to utilize motion free images in treatment planning for sparing normal tissues. Therefore, correction of the spatial misregistration caused by respiratory motion represents a particular challenge for accurate alignment of PET and CT data in the thorax resulting from different temporal resolution of these two modalities. This review provides a summary of multiple investigations concerning different respiratory motion tracking systems, respiratory motion artifacts and respiratory motion corrections in PET – CT imaging of the thorax with the goal of qualitative and quantitative improvement of the images. Additionally, the recent advances in 4D imaging as well as 4D radiotherapy will be reviewed in this article.