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The Design, Fabrication and Sensor Applications of Nano-Electrodes
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The Design, Fabrication and Sensor Applications of Nano-Electrodes

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 July 2023) | Viewed by 11182

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Rosa Garriga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: fluorescence; carbon nanotubes; graphene; peptide assemblies; silver nanowire electrodes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The use of nano-structured materials and their assemblies as electrode materials is causing remarkable advances in the fields of sensors, opto-electronics, electrochemistry, and energy, to name a few. The goal of this Special Issue is to collect innovative contributions in the form of original research papers and reviews on the state-of-the-art advances in the design, fabrication, processing, modification, functionalization, engineering and patterning of nano-electrodes and their applications in all kinds of sensor and biosensor devices and sensor elements in opto-electronics.

We look forward to receiving your contributions to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Rosa Garriga
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrodes
  • sensors
  • thin films
  • fiber electrodes
  • biosensors
  • electrochemical sensors
  • opto-electronics
  • nanomaterials

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 5503 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Organophosphorus Pesticide Detection Using Nanostructured Gold-Modified Electrodes
by Han-Wei Chang, Chien-Lin Chen, Yan-Hua Chen, Yu-Ming Chang, Feng-Jiin Liu and Yu-Chen Tsai
Sensors 2022, 22(24), 9938; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249938 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2134
Abstract
In this study, nanostructured gold was successfully prepared on a bare Au electrode using the electrochemical deposition method. Nanostructured gold provided more exposed active sites to facilitate the ion and electron transfer during the electrocatalytic reaction of organophosphorus pesticide (methyl parathion). The morphological [...] Read more.
In this study, nanostructured gold was successfully prepared on a bare Au electrode using the electrochemical deposition method. Nanostructured gold provided more exposed active sites to facilitate the ion and electron transfer during the electrocatalytic reaction of organophosphorus pesticide (methyl parathion). The morphological and structural characterization of nanostructured gold was conducted using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which was further carried out to evaluate the electrocatalytic activity towards methyl parathion sensing. The electrochemical performance of nanostructured gold was investigated by electrochemical measurements (cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)). The proposed nanostructured gold-modified electrode exhibited prominent electrochemical methyl parathion sensing performance (including two linear concentration ranges from 0.01 to 0.5 ppm (R2 = 0.993) and from 0.5 to 4 ppm (R2 = 0.996), limit of detection of 5.9 ppb, excellent selectivity and stability), and excellent capability in determination of pesticide residue in real fruit and vegetable samples (bok choy and strawberry). The study demonstrated that the presented approach to fabricate a nanostructured gold-modified electrode could be practically applied to detect pesticide residue in agricultural products via integrating the electrochemical and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS-MS) analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Design, Fabrication and Sensor Applications of Nano-Electrodes)
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13 pages, 7133 KiB  
Article
Development of a New Voltammetric Method for Aceclofenac Determination on Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Hierarchical Nanocomposite
by Anna Górska, Beata Paczosa-Bator, Justina Gaidukevič and Robert Piech
Sensors 2022, 22(22), 8954; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228954 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1103
Abstract
Aceclofenac (ACL) is an anti-inflammatory drug, which is taken by patients who mainly suffer from rheumatoid conditions. In this work, we propose a new voltammetric method that allows the determination of ACL in pharmaceutics, urine, and plasma. As a working electrode, a glassy [...] Read more.
Aceclofenac (ACL) is an anti-inflammatory drug, which is taken by patients who mainly suffer from rheumatoid conditions. In this work, we propose a new voltammetric method that allows the determination of ACL in pharmaceutics, urine, and plasma. As a working electrode, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, and NiCo nanoparticles (eCNF/CNT/NiCo-GCE) was used. The mentioned sensors are characterized by good repeatability and sensitivity, and their process of preparation is simple, fast, and cost-effective. Instrumental and method parameters were optimized, and the influence of interferences was investigated. To validate the analytical performance of the method, calibration was conducted. Good linearity was obtained (0.05–1.4 µM, r = 0.998), as well as excellent limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values (0.7 nM and 2.1 nM, respectively). Calculated recoveries that were in the range of 98%–105% indicate that this method is accurate and might be used in routine laboratory practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Design, Fabrication and Sensor Applications of Nano-Electrodes)
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11 pages, 2930 KiB  
Article
Tuning the Surface Functionality of Fe3O4 for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Heavy Metal Ions
by Manjunatha Kumara K. S., D. H. Nagaraju, Zhoveta Yhobu, Nayan Kumar H. N., Srinivasa Budagumpi, Shubhankar Kumar Bose, Shivakumar P. and Venkata Narayana Palakollu
Sensors 2022, 22(22), 8895; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228895 - 17 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1562
Abstract
The functionalization of materials for ultrasensitive detection of heavy metal ions (HMIs) in the environment is crucial. Herewith, we have functionalized inexpensive and environmentally friendly Fe3O4 nanoparticles with D-valine (Fe3O4–D–Val) by a simple co-precipitation synthetic approach [...] Read more.
The functionalization of materials for ultrasensitive detection of heavy metal ions (HMIs) in the environment is crucial. Herewith, we have functionalized inexpensive and environmentally friendly Fe3O4 nanoparticles with D-valine (Fe3O4–D–Val) by a simple co-precipitation synthetic approach characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, and FTIR spectroscopy. The Fe3O4–D–Val sensor was used for the ultrasensitive detection of Cd+2, Pb+2, and Cu+2 in water samples. This sensor shows a very low detection limit of 11.29, 4.59, and 20.07 nM for Cd+2, Pb+2, and Cu+2, respectively. The detection limits are much lower than the values suggested by the world health Organization. The real water samples were also analyzed using the developed sensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Design, Fabrication and Sensor Applications of Nano-Electrodes)
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14 pages, 11444 KiB  
Article
Development and Analysis of Electrochemical Reactor with Vibrating Functional Element for AAO Nanoporous Membranes Fabrication
by Urte Cigane, Arvydas Palevicius, Vytautas Jurenas, Kestutis Pilkauskas and Giedrius Janusas
Sensors 2022, 22(22), 8856; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228856 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1181
Abstract
Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is needed for a variety of purposes due to its unique properties, including high hardness, thermal stability, large surface area, and light weight. Nevertheless, the use of AAO in different applications is limited because of its brittleness. A [...] Read more.
Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is needed for a variety of purposes due to its unique properties, including high hardness, thermal stability, large surface area, and light weight. Nevertheless, the use of AAO in different applications is limited because of its brittleness. A new design of an electrochemical reactor with a vibrating element for AAO nanoporous membranes fabrication is proposed. The vibrating element in the form of a piezoceramic ring was installed inside the developed reactor, which allows to create a high-frequency excitation. Furthermore, mixing and vibration simulations in the novel reactor were carried out using ANSYS 17 and COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software, respectively. By theoretical calculations, the possibility to excite the vibrations of five resonant modes at different frequencies in the AAO membrane was shown. The theoretical results were experimentally confirmed. Five vibration modes at close to the theoretical frequencies were obtained in the novel reactor. Moreover, nanoporous AAO membranes were synthesized. The novel aluminum anodization technology results in AAO membranes with 82.6 ± 10 nm pore diameters and 43% porosity at 3.1 kHz frequency excitation and AAO membranes with 86.1 ± 10 nm pore diameters and 46% porosity at 4.1 kHz frequency excitation. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the membrane remained unchanged, and the hardness decreased. Nanoporous AAO has become less brittle but hard enough to be used for template synthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Design, Fabrication and Sensor Applications of Nano-Electrodes)
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10 pages, 2035 KiB  
Article
Structural and Magnetic Properties of FeNi Films and FeNi-Based Trilayers with Out-of-Plane Magnetization Component
by Andrey V. Svalov, Alexandr N. Gorkovenko, Aitor Larrañaga, Mikhail N. Volochaev and Galina V. Kurlyandskaya
Sensors 2022, 22(21), 8357; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218357 - 31 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1775
Abstract
FeNi films of different thickness and FeNi/(Fe, Co)/FeNi trilayers were prepared by magnetron sputtering deposition onto glass substrates. The permalloy films had a columnar microstructure. The detailed analysis of the magnetic properties based on the magnetic and magneto-optical measurements showed that at thicknesses [...] Read more.
FeNi films of different thickness and FeNi/(Fe, Co)/FeNi trilayers were prepared by magnetron sputtering deposition onto glass substrates. The permalloy films had a columnar microstructure. The detailed analysis of the magnetic properties based on the magnetic and magneto-optical measurements showed that at thicknesses exceeding a certain critical thickness, hysteresis loops acquire a specific shape and the coercive force of the films increase sharply. The possibility of the estimation of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constant using the Murayama equation for the thickness dependence of saturation field was demonstrated. The results of studies of the structural and magnetic properties of FeNi films laminated by Fe and Co spacers with different thickness are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Design, Fabrication and Sensor Applications of Nano-Electrodes)
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8 pages, 1703 KiB  
Communication
Ultrasensitive and Regenerative Transistor Sensor Based on Dynamic Covalent Chemistry
by Ban-Peng Cao, Changhao Dai, Xuejun Wang, Qiang Xiao and Dacheng Wei
Sensors 2022, 22(18), 6947; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186947 - 14 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2096
Abstract
Field-effect transistor (FET) sensors require not only high sensitivity but also excellent regeneration ability before widespread applications are possible. Although some regenerative FETs have been reported, their lowest limit of detection (LoD) barely achieves 10−15 mol L−1. Here, [...] Read more.
Field-effect transistor (FET) sensors require not only high sensitivity but also excellent regeneration ability before widespread applications are possible. Although some regenerative FETs have been reported, their lowest limit of detection (LoD) barely achieves 10−15 mol L−1. Here, we develop a graphene FET with a regenerative sensing interface based on dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC). The LoD down to 5.0 × 10−20 mol L−1 remains even after 10 regenerative cycles, around 4–5 orders of magnitude lower than existing transistor sensors. Owing to its ultra-sensitivity, regeneration ability, and advantages such as simplicity, low cost, label-free and real-time response, the FET sensor based on DCvC is valuable in applications such as medical diagnosis, environment monitoring, etc. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Design, Fabrication and Sensor Applications of Nano-Electrodes)
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