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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Insights into the Role of Microbiota in Chronic Diseases
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Insights into the Role of Microbiota in Chronic Diseases

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2024) | Viewed by 7738

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gabriela Stefanescu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
2. Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
Interests: celiac disease; functional gastrointestinal disorders; inflammatory bowel disease; gut microbiota; micronutrient deficiency; oxidative stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Georgiana-Emmanuela Gîlcă-Blanariu

E-Mail Website
Assistant Guest Editor
Gastroentereology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
Interests: inflammatory bowel disease; fecal microbiota transplantation; gut microbiota; micronutrient deficiency; psychological distress

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The study of the human microbiome has become of great scientific interest in recent years, considering the pivotal role of the gut–brain axis in multiple pathologies.

The quantitative and qualitative changes in the microbiota, followed by alterations in the structure of the intestinal barrier, lead to an increase in intestinal permeability and to excessive stimulation of the immune response. All these contribute to various pathological processes, both locally and systemically, including intestinal and liver diseases, metabolic disorders (dyslipidemia and diabetes), rheumatological conditions (autoimmune diseases) and neuropsychiatric disorders.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an adequate multidisciplinary platform for the interchange of valuable information (both basic and clinical research) to help us to understand the involvement of microbiota in numerous pathologies and the place of microbiota modulation in the management of chronic diseases.

We hope that researchers from both basic science and different clinical areas, such as gastroenterology, rheumatology, diabetology, internal medicine, cardiology, psychiatry, dermatology and microbiology, will find this Special Issue an appropriate framework to disseminate their research and knowledge and a springboard for further investigations.

As Guest Editors of the Special Issue, we invite you to submit both original research papers and review articles related to this topic.

Dr. Gabriela Stefanescu
Dr. Georgiana-Emmanuela Gîlcă-Blanariu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • dysbiosis
  • inflammation
  • probiotics
  • antibiotics
  • inflammatory bowel disease
  • diabetes
  • dyslipidemia
  • anxiety
  • depression
  • arthropathy

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 537 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Gut Microbiota in Healthy Persons and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in North-Western Russia
by Alexei B. Chukhlovin, Vasilisa V. Dudurich, Aleksey V. Kusakin, Dmitry E. Polev, Ekaterina D. Ermachenko, Mikhail V. Aseev, Yuri A. Zakharov, Yuri A. Eismont, Lavrentii G. Danilov and Oleg S. Glotov
Microorganisms 2023, 11(7), 1813; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071813 - 15 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1682
Abstract
Bacterial microbiota in stool may vary over a wide range, depending on age, nutrition, etc. The purpose of our work was to discriminate phyla and genera of intestinal bacteria and their biodiversity within a healthy population (North-Western Russia) compared to the patients with [...] Read more.
Bacterial microbiota in stool may vary over a wide range, depending on age, nutrition, etc. The purpose of our work was to discriminate phyla and genera of intestinal bacteria and their biodiversity within a healthy population (North-Western Russia) compared to the patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The study group included 183 healthy persons 2 to 53 years old (a mean of 26.5±1.0 years old), and 41 T1DM patients (mean age 18.2±1.8 years old). The disease onset was at 11±1.5 years, with a T1DM experience of 7±1.5 years. Total DNA was isolated from the stool samples, and sequencing libraries were prepared by amplifying the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. Bioinformatic processing of NGS databases was adapted for microbiota evalutaion. Despite the broad scatter, the biological diversity for bacterial microbiota expressed as the Shannon index was significantly increased from younger to older ages in the comparison group, higher in adult healthy persons, with a trend for decrease in the Actinomycetota phylum which includes Bifidobacterium longum species. Similar but non-significant age trends were noted in the T1DM group. Concordant with the Bacillota prevalence in stool samples of diabetic patients, some anaerobic bacteria (Faecalibacteria, Lachnospira and Ruminococcae, Roseburia) were enriched in the T1DM microbiome against controls. Hence, correction of microbiota for Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae requires future search for new probiotics. Lower abundance of Actinomycetota and Bifidobacter in T1DM suggests potential usage of Bifidobacter-based probiotics in this cohort. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into the Role of Microbiota in Chronic Diseases)
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Review

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18 pages, 717 KiB  
Review
The Intertwining Roads between Psychological Distress and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
by Georgiana-Emmanuela Gîlcă-Blanariu, Cristina Gabriela Șchiopu, Gabriela Ștefănescu, Cătălina Mihai, Smaranda Diaconescu, Vlad Adrian Afrăsânie, Vasile Valeriu Lupu, Ancuța Lupu, Alexandra Boloș and Cristinel Ștefănescu
Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2268; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092268 - 9 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1479
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease represents one of the most life-altering gastrointestinal pathologies, with its multifactorial nature and unclear physiopathology. The most relevant clinical forms, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, clinically manifest with mild to severe flares and remission periods that alter the patient’s social, [...] Read more.
Inflammatory bowel disease represents one of the most life-altering gastrointestinal pathologies, with its multifactorial nature and unclear physiopathology. The most relevant clinical forms, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, clinically manifest with mild to severe flares and remission periods that alter the patient’s social, familial and professional integration. The chronic inflammatory activity of the intestinal wall determines severe modifications of the local environment, such as dysbiosis, enteric endocrine, nervous and immune system disruptions and intestinal wall permeability changes. These features are part of the gastrointestinal ecosystem that modulates the bottom-to-top signaling to the central nervous system, leading to a neurobiologic imbalance and clinical affective and/or behavioral symptoms. The gut-brain link is a bidirectional pathway and psychological distress can also affect the central nervous system, which will alter the top-to-bottom regulation, leading to possible functional digestive symptoms and local inflammatory responses. In the middle of this neuro-gastrointestinal system, the microbiome is a key player, as its activities offer basic functional support for both relays. The present article presents current scientific information that links the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of inflammatory bowel disease and psychiatric symptomatology through the complex mechanism of the gut-brain axis and the modulatory effects of the gut microbiota. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into the Role of Microbiota in Chronic Diseases)
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Other

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27 pages, 3917 KiB  
Hypothesis
A Catastrophic Biodiversity Loss in the Environment Is Being Replicated on the Skin Microbiome: Is This a Major Contributor to the Chronic Disease Epidemic?
by Christopher Wallen-Russell, Nancy Pearlman, Samuel Wallen-Russell, Dragos Cretoiu, Dana Claudia Thompson and Silviu Cristian Voinea
Microorganisms 2023, 11(11), 2784; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112784 - 16 Nov 2023
Viewed by 3409
Abstract
There has been a catastrophic loss of biodiversity in ecosystems across the world. A similar crisis has been observed in the human gut microbiome, which has been linked to “all human diseases affecting westernized countries”. This is of great importance because chronic diseases [...] Read more.
There has been a catastrophic loss of biodiversity in ecosystems across the world. A similar crisis has been observed in the human gut microbiome, which has been linked to “all human diseases affecting westernized countries”. This is of great importance because chronic diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and make up 90% of America’s healthcare costs. Disease development is complex and multifactorial, but there is one part of the body’s interlinked ecosystem that is often overlooked in discussions about whole-body health, and that is the skin microbiome. This is despite it being a crucial part of the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems and being continuously exposed to environmental stressors. Here we show that a parallel biodiversity loss of 30–84% has occurred on the skin of people in the developed world compared to our ancestors. Research has shown that dysbiosis of the skin microbiome has been linked to many common skin diseases and, more recently, that it could even play an active role in the development of a growing number of whole-body health problems, such as food allergies, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and Parkinson’s, traditionally thought unrelated to the skin. Damaged skin is now known to induce systemic inflammation, which is involved in many chronic diseases. We highlight that biodiversity loss is not only a common finding in dysbiotic ecosystems but also a type of dysbiosis. As a result, we make the case that biodiversity loss in the skin microbiome is a major contributor to the chronic disease epidemic. The link between biodiversity loss and dysbiosis forms the basis of this paper’s focus on the subject. The key to understanding why biodiversity loss creates an unhealthy system could be highlighted by complex physics. We introduce entropy to help understand why biodiversity has been linked with ecosystem health and stability. Meanwhile, we also introduce ecosystems as being governed by “non-linear physics” principles—including chaos theory—which suggests that every individual part of any system is intrinsically linked and implies any disruption to a small part of the system (skin) could have a significant and unknown effect on overall system health (whole-body health). Recognizing the link between ecosystem health and human health allows us to understand how crucial it could be to maintain biodiversity across systems everywhere, from the macro-environment we inhabit right down to our body’s microbiome. Further, in-depth research is needed so we can aid in the treatment of chronic diseases and potentially change how we think about our health. With millions of people currently suffering, research to help mitigate the crisis is of vital importance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into the Role of Microbiota in Chronic Diseases)
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