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Membranes
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Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes
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Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 6079

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Lianfa Song

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
Interests: reverse osmosis; desalination; membrane fouling; ion transport; membrane process modeling; osmotically driven membrane processes; salonity gradient energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMPs) have great potential to satisfy the needs for the sustainable development of societies by providing purified water and clean energy.  However, the potential has not been realized yet, largely because of the relatively low water flux in ODMPs compared to the hydraulic pressure driven membrane processes. Although consistent research efforts have been made in the past half century, especially in the last two decades, ODMPs remain an elusive subject in science and engineering. Beyond the practical applications, ODMPs also present a challenge to the fundamental understanding of water transport across the membrane.

This Special Issue will seek contributions for better understandings of the osmotically driven membrane processes. Topics include, but are not limited to, membrane preparation and characterization, performance assessment, and fundamental theories on water transport.  Both original contributions and reviews are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Lianfa Song
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Membrane
  • Water transport
  • Salinity gradient energy
  • Water purification
  • Osmotic pressure
  • Fundamental theory
  • Mathematical modeling

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 7050 KiB  
Article
Synthesizing Various Organic Polyacid Compounds for Modifying Forward Osmosis Membranes to Enhance Separation Performance
by Yi-Li Lin, Bharath Samannan, Kuo-Lun Tung, Jeyabalan Thavasikani, Cheng-Di Dong, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chung-Hsin Wu and Yu-Rong Cheng
Membranes 2021, 11(8), 597; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080597 - 6 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2748
Abstract
In order to overcome the challenges of low permeate flux (Jp) and the accompanying reverse solute flux (JS) during the forward osmosis (FO) membrane separation process, we synthesized four hybrid materials of polyacid-based organic compounds and incorporated them into [...] Read more.
In order to overcome the challenges of low permeate flux (Jp) and the accompanying reverse solute flux (JS) during the forward osmosis (FO) membrane separation process, we synthesized four hybrid materials of polyacid-based organic compounds and incorporated them into the selective polyamide (PA) layer to make novel thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) FO membranes. The Jp and JS of each membrane were evaluated and used along with membrane selectivity (Jp/JS) as indicators of membrane separation performance. The fabricated and modified membranes were also characterized for ridge and valley surface morphologies with increasing hydrophilicity and finger-shaped parallel channels in the PSf substrate. Moreover, two highly hydrophilic nanoparticles of graphene oxide (GO) and titanium oxide (TiO2) were introduced with the hybrid materials for PA modification, which can further enhance the Jp of the TFN membranes. The highest Jp of the TFN membranes achieved 12.1 L/m2-h using 0.1% curcumin-acetoguanamine @ cerium polyacid (CATCP) and 0.0175% GO. The characteristic peaks of the hybrid materials were detected on the membrane surface using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, evidencing successful incorporation of the hybrid materials during membrane modification. Here, we present the novel TFN membranes using hybrid materials for separation applications. The reactions for synthesizing the hybrid materials and for incorporating them with PA layer are proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes)
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13 pages, 3229 KiB  
Article
Feasibility of Pressure-Retarded Osmosis for Electricity Generation at Low Temperatures
by Elham Abbasi-Garravand and Catherine N. Mulligan
Membranes 2021, 11(8), 556; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080556 - 23 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2482
Abstract
A membrane-based technique for production of pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is salinity gradient energy. This sustainable energy is formed by combining salt and fresh waters. The membrane of the PRO process has a significant effect on controlling the salinity gradient energy or osmotic energy [...] Read more.
A membrane-based technique for production of pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is salinity gradient energy. This sustainable energy is formed by combining salt and fresh waters. The membrane of the PRO process has a significant effect on controlling the salinity gradient energy or osmotic energy generation. Membrane fouling and operating conditions such as temperature have an extreme influence on the efficiency of the PRO processes because of their roles in salt and water transportation through the PRO membranes. In this study, the temperature impact on the power density and the fouling of two industrial semi-permeable membranes in the PRO system was investigated using river and synthetic sea water. Based on the findings, the power densities were 17.1 and 14.2 W/m2 at 5 °C for flat sheet and hollow fiber membranes, respectively. This is the first time that research indicates that power density at low temperature is feasible for generating electricity using PRO processes. These results can be promising for regions with high PRO potential that experience low temperatures most of the year. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes)
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