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Membranes
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Membranes Desalination of Sea/Brackish Water
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Membranes Desalination of Sea/Brackish Water

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2024) | Viewed by 6281

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ahmed El-Shafei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Agricultural Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Interests: membranes; desalination prototypes; pervaporation; liquid membrane; membrane distillation, ion exchange; wastewater treatments; ultrafiltration; electrocoagulation; soil and water conservation; soil fertility; environment; sustainable agriculture; plant nutrition; environmental impact assessment; artificial neural network; nutrient and contaminant transport modeling; evapotranspiration
Dr. Wei Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
Interests: water treatment; water quality; bio-/chemo-sensors; desalination; nanomaterials; environmental technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Shortage of potable water is fast becoming a serious global issue. Severe impacts associated with the climate change has resulted in many areas around the world depleted in fresh water for drinking, agriculture and for industrial use. Since the 1950’s, there has been an increasing interest in replenishing fresh water through various desalination technologies. To this end, membrane desalination of sea/brackish water technologies have been investigated by numerous researchers, yet others are still at the early stages of development and require further research in terms of its viability and sustainability. 

In light of this, this Special Issue seeks contributions on the state of the art in the membrane desalination of sea/brackish water technologies. For publication, it will consider original research papers and reviews on the following topics. Review articles should offer comprehensive coverage of desalination of sea/brackish water technologies, addressing, in particular, recent advances with respect to challenges associated with membranes desalination of sea/brackish water fabrication, characterisation, and application. Research articles on the development and application of membranes desalination of sea/brackish water techniques in areas including, but not limited to, membrane distillation, pervaporation, liquid membranes, ion-exchange membranes, microbial desalination cells, electrosorptive deionization, solar powered desalination, desalination prototypes, membrane capacitive deionization, humidification-dehumidification desalination, solar distillation,   reverse osmosis desalination, forward osmosis desalination, desalination across nanoporous, and adsorption desalination are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Ahmed Abd-Allah El-Shafei
Dr. Wei Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sea/brackish water desalination
  • membrane distillation; pervaporation
  • liquid membranes
  • ion-exchange membranes
  • microbial desalination cells
  • electrosorptive deionization
  • solar powered desalination
  • desalination prototypes
  • membrane capacitive deionization
  • humidification–dehumidification desalination
  • solar distillation
  • reverse osmosis desalination
  • forward osmosis desalination
  • desalination across nanopores
  • adsorption desalination

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 7259 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Mg2+-Li+ Separation of Different Nanofiltration Membranes
by Tingting Li, Yueyu Liu, Chandrasekar Srinivasakannan, Xiaobin Jiang, Ning Zhang, Guoli Zhou, Shaohua Yin, Shiwei Li and Libo Zhang
Membranes 2023, 13(9), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13090753 - 24 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1456
Abstract
Nanofiltration application for the separation of Mg2+-Li+ from salt-lake brines was attempted in the present work. Four different nanofiltration membranes identified in the manuscript as DL, DK, NF-270, and NF-90 were used to treat salt brine with a magnesium to [...] Read more.
Nanofiltration application for the separation of Mg2+-Li+ from salt-lake brines was attempted in the present work. Four different nanofiltration membranes identified in the manuscript as DL, DK, NF-270, and NF-90 were used to treat salt brine with a magnesium to lithium ratio (MLR) of 61, additionally contaminated by the other ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, etc. The effect of the dilution factor, operating pressure, circulation rate, and feed pH were assessed to identify the optimal operating conditions for each membrane based on the retention efficiency of each ion. The results showed an insignificant effect of Ca2+ on the retention performance of Mg2+-Li+. Na+ and K+ had a smaller hydration radius and larger diffusion coefficient, which competed with Li+ and altered the separation of Mg2+-Li+. Under the optimal conditions (dilution factor: 40; operating pressure: 1.2 MPa; circulation flow rate: 500 L/h; pH: 7), the retention efficiency of lithium was as low as 5.17%, separation factor (SF) was as low as 0.074, and the MLR in the permeate reduced to 0.088. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membranes Desalination of Sea/Brackish Water)
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19 pages, 4717 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Pilot-Scale Capacitive Deionization (MCDI) and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (LPRO) for PV-Powered Brackish Water Desalination in Morocco for Irrigation of Argan Trees
by Edgardo E. Cañas Kurz, Ulrich Hellriegel, Abdelkarim Hdoufane, Ibtissame Benaceur, Makram Anane, Fatima Jaiti, Abdelilah El-Abbassi and Jan Hoinkis
Membranes 2023, 13(7), 668; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13070668 - 14 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1382
Abstract
The use of saline water resources in agriculture is becoming a common practice in semi-arid and arid regions such as the Mediterranean. In the SmaCuMed project, the desalination of brackish groundwater (TDS = 2.8 g/L) for the irrigation of Argan trees in Essaouira, [...] Read more.
The use of saline water resources in agriculture is becoming a common practice in semi-arid and arid regions such as the Mediterranean. In the SmaCuMed project, the desalination of brackish groundwater (TDS = 2.8 g/L) for the irrigation of Argan trees in Essaouira, Morocco, to 2 g/L and 1 g/L (33% and 66% salt removal, respectively) using low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) (p < 6 bar) and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) was tested at pilot scale. MCDI showed 40–70% lower specific energy consumption (SEC) and 10–20% higher water recovery; however, the throughput of LPRO (2.9 m3/h) was up to 1.5 times higher than that of MCDI. In addition, both technologies were successfully powered by PV solar energy with total water costs ranging from EUR 0.82 to EUR 1.34 per m3. In addition, the water quality in terms of sodium adsorption ratio was slightly higher with LPRO resulting in higher concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+, due to blending with feed water. In order to evaluate both technologies, additional criteria such as investment and specific water costs, operability and brine disposal have to be considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membranes Desalination of Sea/Brackish Water)
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Review

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38 pages, 3896 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of Performance of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Membranes for Forward Osmosis Water Separation and Purification Process
by Nada Abounahia, Arqam Azad Shahab, Maryam Mohammad Khan, Hazim Qiblawey and Syed Javaid Zaidi
Membranes 2023, 13(11), 872; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13110872 - 3 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2399
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), with its unique chemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, has become a crucial acrylic polymer for the industry. This polymer has been widely used to fabricate ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis membranes for water treatment applications. However, it recently started to [...] Read more.
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), with its unique chemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, has become a crucial acrylic polymer for the industry. This polymer has been widely used to fabricate ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis membranes for water treatment applications. However, it recently started to be used to fabricate thin-film composite (TFC) and fiber-based forward osmosis (FO) membranes at a lab scale. Phase inversion and electrospinning methods were the most utilized techniques to fabricate PAN-based FO membranes. The PAN substrate layer could function as a good support layer to create TFC and fiber membranes with excellent performance under FO process conditions by selecting the proper modification techniques. The various modification techniques used to enhance PAN-based FO performance include interfacial polymerization, layer-by-layer assembly, simple coating, and incorporating nanofillers. Thus, the fabrication and modification techniques of PAN-based porous FO membranes have been highlighted in this work. Also, the performance of these FO membranes was investigated. Finally, perspectives and potential directions for further study on PAN-based FO membranes are presented in light of the developments in this area. This review is expected to aid the scientific community in creating novel effective porous FO polymeric membranes based on PAN polymer for various water and wastewater treatment applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membranes Desalination of Sea/Brackish Water)
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