Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
3.5
3.2
Journals
Fire
Special Issues
Hydrogen Safety: Challenges and Opportunities
share announcement

Hydrogen Safety: Challenges and Opportunities

A special issue of Fire (ISSN 2571-6255). This special issue belongs to the section "Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation of Combustion and Fire".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 27 December 2024 | Viewed by 8414

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Javad Mohammadpour

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
Interests: fire safety in hydrogen energy development and utilization; CFD; clean energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In a variety of applications, hydrogen is a promising clean energy source with the potential to replace fossil fuels. It offers storage facilities for renewable energy resources, such as solar power and wind turbines. Hence, it plays a critical role in scaling up the net-zero emission target. However, hydrogen is an extremely flammable gas, thus posing remarkable safety hazards if not handled carefully. The incidents related to the hydrogen infrastructure exhibit distinct variations due to hydrogen’s unique properties. The mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of hydrogen in various applications, including production, storage, and transport, are critical in order to mitigate probabilistic risks. This Special Issue provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with hydrogen safety. They will be of interest to researchers, engineers, and policymakers that are working to develop and deploy hydrogen energy technologies.

We hope that this Special Issue will help to advance the state of the art in hydrogen safety and risk assessment. We believe that this work is essential to the safe and widespread adoption of hydrogen energy technologies.

The Special Issue encourages the submission of original research articles, review articles, and letters to the editor. Submissions are welcome from all researchers working in the field of combustion and fire science.

Dr. Javad Mohammadpour
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fire is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogen combustion modeling
  • hydrogen safety and risk assessment
  • hydrogen leakage
  • hydrogen jet fire
  • detonation and deflagration
  • hydrogen CFD modelling
  • hydrogen production, storage, and transport

Published Papers (4 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

19 pages, 6709 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Diffusion Time on the Mechanisms of Transition from a Turbulent Jet Flame to Detonation in a H2-Air Mixture
by Mohammad Hossein Shamsaddin Saeid, Javad Khadem, Sobhan Emami and Chang Bo Oh
Fire 2023, 6(11), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6110434 - 10 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1339
Abstract
The current study primarily aimed to simulate detonation initiation via turbulent jet flame acceleration in partial-premixed H2-air mixtures. Different vertical concentration gradients were generated by varying the duration of hydrogen injection (diffusion time) within an enclosed channel filled with air. H [...] Read more.
The current study primarily aimed to simulate detonation initiation via turbulent jet flame acceleration in partial-premixed H2-air mixtures. Different vertical concentration gradients were generated by varying the duration of hydrogen injection (diffusion time) within an enclosed channel filled with air. H2-air mixtures with average hydrogen concentrations of 22.5% (lean mixture) and 30% (near stoichiometric mixture) were investigated at diffusion times of 3, 5, and 60 s. Numerical results show that the vertical concentration gradient significantly influences the early stage of flame acceleration (FA). In the stratified lean mixture, detonation began at all the diffusion times, and comparing the flame-speed graphs showed that a decrease in the diffusion time and an increase in the mixture inhomogeneity speeded up the flame propagation and the jet flame-to-detonation transition occurrence in the channel. In the stratified H2-air mixture with an average hydrogen concentration of 30%, the transition from a turbulent jet flame to detonation occurred in all the cases, and the mixture inhomogeneity weakened the FA and delayed the detonation initiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Safety: Challenges and Opportunities)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1526 KiB  
Article
Technological Aspects of Methane–Hydrogen Mixture Transportation through Operating Gas Pipelines Considering Industrial and Fire Safety
by Vadim Fetisov, Hadi Davardoost and Veronika Mogylevets
Fire 2023, 6(10), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6100409 - 23 Oct 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2095
Abstract
Pipeline transportation is widely regarded as the most cost-effective method for conveying substantial volumes of hydrogen across extensive distances. However, before hydrogen can be widely used, a new pipeline network must be built to reliably supply industrial users. An alternative way to rather [...] Read more.
Pipeline transportation is widely regarded as the most cost-effective method for conveying substantial volumes of hydrogen across extensive distances. However, before hydrogen can be widely used, a new pipeline network must be built to reliably supply industrial users. An alternative way to rather expensive investments in new infrastructure could be to use the existing pipeline network to add pure hydrogen to natural gas and further transport the gas mixture in an industrially safe way. The new solution necessities will be examined for compression, transportation, and fire hazard accidents, which have not been scrutinized by other scholars. This study presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the methane–hydrogen mixture compression process and a mathematical description of the main pipeline operation during gas mixture transportation, considering industrial fire safety issues. By examining a case study involving a main gas pipeline and its associated mathematical model for hydrogen transportation, it becomes feasible to assess the potential hazards associated with various leakage areas and the subsequent occurrence of fires. The findings of this investigation demonstrate that the spontaneous combustion of hydrogen due to leakage from a natural gas pipeline is directly influenced by the proportion of hydrogen present in the gas mixture. If the hydrogen percentage reaches a balanced ratio of 50–50%, it is plausible that the equipment at the compressor station could be subject to detrimental consequences, potentially leading to accidents and fires. Furthermore, the obtained results from modeling in ANSYS Fluent software propose two practical scenarios, which demonstrate that despite the limited research conducted on the safety aspects and the occurrence of fires during the operation of hydrogen gas pipelines, industrial and fire safety necessitate the inclusion of hydrogen transport infrastructure as a pivotal element within the broader framework of hydrogen infrastructure development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Safety: Challenges and Opportunities)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 2463 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Integration of Hydrogen Energy Economy with UK’s Sustainable Development Goals: A Holistic Approach to Enhancing Safety and Risk Mitigation
by He Li, Mohammad Yazdi, Rosita Moradi, Reza Ghasemi Pirbalouti and Arman Nedjati
Fire 2023, 6(10), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6100391 - 11 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1881
Abstract
Hydrogen is gaining prominence as a sustainable energy source in the UK, aligning with the country’s commitment to advancing sustainable development across diverse sectors. However, a rigorous examination of the interplay between the hydrogen economy and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is imperative. [...] Read more.
Hydrogen is gaining prominence as a sustainable energy source in the UK, aligning with the country’s commitment to advancing sustainable development across diverse sectors. However, a rigorous examination of the interplay between the hydrogen economy and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is imperative. This study addresses this imperative by comprehensively assessing the risks associated with hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and utilization. The overarching aim is to establish a robust framework that ensures the secure deployment and operation of hydrogen-based technologies within the UK’s sustainable development trajectory. Considering the unique characteristics of the UK’s energy landscape, infrastructure, and policy framework, this paper presents practical and viable recommendations to facilitate the safe and effective integration of hydrogen energy into the UK’s SDGs. To facilitate sophisticated decision making, it proposes using an advanced Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) tool, incorporating regret theory and a 2-tuple spherical linguistic environment. This tool enables a nuanced decision-making process, yielding actionable insights. The analysis reveals that Incident Reporting and Learning, Robust Regulatory Framework, Safety Standards, and Codes are pivotal safety factors. At the same time, Clean Energy Access, Climate Action, and Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure are identified as the most influential SDGs. This information provides valuable guidance for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and regulators. It empowers them to make well-informed strategic decisions and prioritize actions that bolster safety and sustainable development as the UK transitions towards a hydrogen-based energy system. Moreover, the findings underscore the varying degrees of prominence among different SDGs. Notably, SDG 13 (Climate Action) exhibits relatively lower overall distinction at 0.0066 and a Relation value of 0.0512, albeit with a substantial impact. In contrast, SDG 7 (Clean Energy Access) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) demonstrate moderate prominence levels (0.0559 and 0.0498, respectively), each with its unique influence, emphasizing their critical roles in the UK’s pursuit of a sustainable hydrogen-based energy future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Safety: Challenges and Opportunities)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 8547 KiB  
Article
Risk Assessment of Explosion Accidents in Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Rooms Using Experimental Investigations and Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations
by Byoungjik Park, Yangkyun Kim and In-Ju Hwang
Fire 2023, 6(10), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6100390 - 11 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2503
Abstract
For the safe utilization and management of hydrogen energy within a fuel-cell room in a hydrogen-fueled house, an explosion test was conducted to evaluate the potential hazards associated with hydrogen accident scenarios. The overpressure and heat radiation were measured for an explosion accident [...] Read more.
For the safe utilization and management of hydrogen energy within a fuel-cell room in a hydrogen-fueled house, an explosion test was conducted to evaluate the potential hazards associated with hydrogen accident scenarios. The overpressure and heat radiation were measured for an explosion accident at distances of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 m for hydrogen–air mixing ratios of 10%, 25%, 40%, and 60%. When the hydrogen–air mixture ratio was 40%, the greatest overpressure was 24.35 kPa at a distance of 1 m from the fuel-cell room. Additionally, the thermal radiation was more than 1.5 kW/m2, which could cause burns at a distance of 5 m from the hydrogen fuel-cell room. Moreover, a thermal radiation in excess of 1.5 kW/m2 was computed at a distance of 3 m from the hydrogen fuel-cell room when the hydrogen–air mixing ratio was 25% and 60%. Consequently, an explosion in the hydrogen fuel-cell room did not considerably affect fatality levels, but could affect the injury levels and temporary threshold shifts. Furthermore, the degree of physical damage did not reach major structural damage levels, causing only minor structural damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Safety: Challenges and Opportunities)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-4
Back to TopTop